NA 2

Question 1

Where does the corticospinal tract decussate?

Answer 1

Base of the medullary pyramids.

Lesions above will be contra lateral to SX, lesions below will be ipsilateral

Question 2

In which structure do corticospinal neurons synapse?

Answer 2

The anterior horn (but they TRAVEL in the lateral white matter)

Question 3

What is the organization of the internal capsule?

Answer 3

Maintains Somatotopy. Face is at genu, legs and feet are at most posterior part

Question 4

If there is a lesion in the cerebellum , where will the findings be?

Answer 4

Always ipsilateral
Vermis does midline stability
Ataxia is give away!

Question 5

What are the parts of the basal ganglia?

Answer 5

Caudate nucleus
Globus pallidus
Putamen
Substantial Nigra
Sub thalamic nucleus

Question 6

Signs of a cortical lesion in the dominant hemisphere ?

Answer 6

Aphasia
Homonymous hemianopia
Face and arm more commonly affected
Sensory innatention

Question 7

Signs of a cortical lesion in non dominant hemisphere

Answer 7

No aphasia
Homonymous hemianopia 
Visual neglect
Anosagnosia
Geographical issues

Question 8

Signs of a sub cortical lesion

Answer 8

Hemiplegia in face arm and leg

No cortical findings

Question 9

Brain stem lesions

Answer 9

Cranial nerve findings: diplopia, dysarthria, dysphagia
May have crossed findings
Reduced LOC

Question 10

Upper motor neuron weakness

Answer 10

Increased muscle tone
Increased reflexes
Babinski sign
Clonus

Question 11

Lower motor neuron findings

Answer 11

Decreased muscle tone
No clonus
Decreased reflexes
Muscle wasting
Fasiculations