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Neurology > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layers of the meninges?

A

Pia mater
Arachnoid mater- CSF
Dura mater- 2 layers, one on skull and one on brain

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2
Q

What secretes CSF?

A

Choroid plexus in lateral ventricles, third and fourth ventricles

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3
Q

What is the blood supply of the dura mater?

A

Middle meningeal artery- susceptible to injury (epidural hematoma) because located at weakest point of skull

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4
Q

Falx Cerebri

A

Reflection of dura mater- hard

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5
Q

Tenotorium cerebelli

A

Hard reflection of dura mater

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6
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Function: initiation and modulation of movement
Receives and relays info back to cerebral cortex
Includes caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, putamen

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7
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Function: initiation and modulation of movement
Receives and relays info back to cerebral cortex
Includes caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, putamen

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8
Q

Dorsal horn spinal cord

A

Where sensory fibers go in grey matter

synapse in dorsal root ganglion

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9
Q

Ventral horn spinal cord

A

Where efferent motor fibers go, and have their cell bodies

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10
Q

Spinal nerves

A 
31 pairs
mixed afferent (posterior) sensory and efferent (anterior) motor
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11
Q

Corticospinal pathway

A

Major descending tract of somatic motor system
Upper motor neuron: motor cortex to spinal cord via internal capsule, crosses
Lower motor neuron: spinal cord to body

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12
Q

Corticobulbar pathyway

A

Descending tract of somatic motor system

Upper motor neuron: motor cortex to cranial nerves
Lower motor neuron: cranial nerves to facial muscles

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13
Q

Horizontal pathways

A

Descending pathway of somatic motor system

Cerebellum and basal ganglia modulate the motor system

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14
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Initiation and modulation of movement
Caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus
substantia nigra

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15
Q

Upper motor neuron lesion findings

A 
Increased muscle tone
Increased tendon reflexes
Babinski sign
Clonus
No wasting
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16
Q

Lower motor neuron weakness

A 
Decreased muscle tone
No clonus
Decreased or absent tendon reflexes
Muscle wasting 
Fasciculations
17
Q

Olfactory Nerve

A

Cranial Nerve 1
forebrain to olfactory bulb
No associated brainstem nuclei

18
Q

Optic Nerve

A

Cranial Nerve 2

forebrain to optic canal, split at optic chiasm (pituitary!)

19
Q

Occulomotor nerve

A

Cranial Nerve 3
Innervates: superior, medial, inferior recti, inferior oblique muscles, levator palpebrae superioris
Parasympathetic to spincter pupillae and ciliary muscles
Close to pituitary and carotid
Affected by intracranial pressure

20
Q

Trochlear nerve

A

Cranial Nerve 4
Innervates: superior oblique muscle
Pathway: dorsal aspect of brainstem
Susceptible to head trauma injury: vertical diplopia and head tilt

21
Q

Trigeminal nerve

A

Cranial Nerve 5: emerges from pons
Somatic only
V1: opthalmic branch- sensory top half of face, corneal reflex
V2: Maxillary branch: face over maxilla, upper teeth, palate
V3: mandibular branch: face over mandible, lower teeth, motor muscles mastication

22
Q

Medullary pyramids

A

Spot in medulla oblongata that motor system decussates

23
Q

Medial lemniscal system

A

Function: discriminative touch, vibration, proprioceptio
First order neutron: skin to spinal cord
Second order: crosses behind medullary pyramids to medial lemniscus to thalamus
Third order: thalamus to primary sensory cortex

24
Q

When you break the cribiform plate what are you worried about?

A

Damage to olfactory nerve

25
Q

Abducens nerve

A 
Cranial nerve 6
Emerges from pons
Pass through superior orbital fissure 
Innervates lateral rectus muscles 
Mass lesion may cause double vision due to medial deviation of eye
26
Q

Facial nerve

A

Cranial nerve 7: nuclei in pons to face via stylomastoid foramen, through parotid gland
Motor: facial expression
Sensory: taste anterior 2/3 of tongue and palate (special sensory)

27
Q

Vestibulocochlear nerve

A

Cranial nerve 8

Hearing, equilibrium

28
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve

A

Cranial nerve 9
Sensory: Posterior third of tongue taste
Posterior pharynx
Parasympathetic: parotid gland

29
Q

Vagus nerve

A

Cranial nerve 10: nucleus in medulla

Motor: muscles of larynx and esophagus
Parasympathetic: thoracic, foregut, midgut
Sensory: visceral sensation in abdomen

30
Q

Spinal accessory nerve

A

Cranial nerve 11

Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

31
Q

Hypoglossal nerve

A

Cranial nerve 12

Tongue muscles

Neurology (28 decks)

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