N: PROTEIN + AMINOACIDS Flashcards
how much of your daily energy need does protein and amino acids constitute?
10-35% energy
name 6 types/functions of proteins:
enzymes structural protein hemoglobin transport molecule hormones antibodies
what do enzymes to?
catalyse reactions
what are main structural proteins?
actin and myosin = contractile proteins
collagen(most prevalent protein) CT - holds body together
main protein component of blood?
hemoglobin = oxygen transport
protein transport molecule?
Na+/K+ pump
transfering compounds from one side to another
% of cell that is protein:
20%
describe composition of protein:
amino group (H-N-H)
| joined via C-H
acid group(O=C-O-H)
side group
where are non essential amino acids produced?
liver!
what defines different proteins?
order of side groups
how many different amino acids are there?
20
name 3 or more non-essential amino acids:
glutamic
alanine
serine
tyrosine
name 3 or more essential amino acids:
leucine
valine
methionine
what are conditionally essential amino acids?
amino acids that are usually non-essential but essential under certain conditions
name 3 or more conditionally essential amino acids:
tyrosine when phenylalanine is deficient
how are amino acids linked?
peptide bonds
what is the primary structure of amino acid:
amino acid sequence
what is the secondary structure of amino acid?
folding
- coils, sheets or twisted chains
what are hydrophilic parts attracted to?
hydrophilic = POLAR
attracted to water
what are hydrophobic parts attracted to?
they REPEL water
what are some allergy prone food?
the allergen will be a protein
so foods higher in protein are more likely to cause allergies
what defines the quality of a protein?
- amino acid content
- digest ability
- ability to support growth
what are limiting proteins?
amino acid you have the least of
what is created when a peptide bond is formed?
H2O
describe plant and animal proteins in terms of digest ability:
plant proteins harder to digest than animal proteins
define biological value of a protein source and explain how to achieve a balanced protein intake by mixing different types of dietary protein?
biological value of proteins = ability to provide all the essential amino acids (100-value) - egg/beef
-> you can achieve a balanced protein intake by eating complementary proteins. to ensure a max number of amino acids
list health problem associated with high intake of protein:
- adverse effects in liver and kidney(kidney disease)
- lead to loss of calcium from bones
- heart disease! high protein foods also high in saturated fat
- cancer eg. breast, colon, kidney
list health problem associated with low intake of protein:
- lack of antibodies
- fluid imbalances and dysentery
- anemia
- heart failure
what 2 forms does protein-energy malnutrition occur in?
1) marasmus (skeleton)
2) kwashiorkor (big belly - fluid imbalance)
top 8 common sources of allergens?
1) milk 2) eggs 3) peanuts 4) nuts 5) fish
6) shell fish 7) soy 8) wheat
define food INTOLERANCE:
any adverse reaction to food
-> DOES NOT involve immune system
define food aversion:
strong desire to avoid a particular food
define food ALLERGY:
adverse reaction to an otherwise harmless substance
name the basic molecular units that make up proteins
amino acids
how many different types of unit are there in proteins and how many can he body make?
20 different types,
body can make 11
list 3 functions that proteins perform in the body
enzymes, structural proteins, hemoglobin,
blood clotting, vision, antibodies
what is meant by term “biological value” of a protein-containing food?
the relative ability of food to provide all the essential amino acids
name 2 protein-rich protein sources with very high biological value:
eggs
red meat
what is meant by the term complementary foods?
complementary foods are individually deficient in certain amino acids but together provide adequate supply of deficient amino acids
name 2 food sources that are classed as complementary foods:
legumes - deficient in methionine and tryptophan
grains - deficient in isoleucine and lysine
list 3 diseases linked to high protein diet:
- heart diseases - saturated fat in meats
- cancer - bowel, breast, kidney, prostate
- osteoporosis (bone loss)
- kidney disease
what are legumes deficient in?
methionine
tryptophan
what are grains deficient in?
isoleucine
lysine
