Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

From Flashcardlet > N: LIPIDS: triglycerides, phospholipids, sterols > Flashcards

N: LIPIDS: triglycerides, phospholipids, sterols Flashcards

0
Q

what are phospholipids?

A

make up cell membrane
they have a glycerol head with a fatty acid tail
glycerol and fatty acid attached by OH group ( H - HO)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

what are triglycerides?

A

main storage fats - (most related to diet)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are sterols?

A

cholesterols

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the energy component for each macro nutrient:

A 
fat= 9g
alco= 7g
carb= 4g
protein= 4g
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how do you differentiate between fatty acids?

A

number of hydrogens attached to carbon chains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

saturated fatty acid:

A

all C atoms saturated with H atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

unsaturdated fatty acids:

A

lacks 2 or more H atoms

at least 1 C=C double bond-> point of unsaturdation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

monounsaturdated:

A

lacks 2 H atoms

1 double bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is omega 6?

A

essential fatty acid that must be provided by food
linoleic acid -> arachidonic acid

cell signalling molecule involved in the inflammatory process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is omega 3?

A

linolenic acid -> EPA and DHA

important for eyes and brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

examples of saturated fats

A

animal fats

palm/coconut oil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

example of monounsaturdated fats

A

olive
canola
peanut oil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

example of polyunsaturated fat:

A 
veg oils eg. 
flaxseed
sunflower
soy bean
walnut
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is a benefit of omega 3?

A

reduces the risk of heart attack and stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

where do you get linoleic acid from?

A

veg oils - safflower oils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

where do you get arachidonic acid from?

A

meats, eggs, poultry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where do you get linolenic acid from?

A

flaxseed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

where do you get EPA & DHA from?

A

fish

18
Q

what are trans-fatty acids?

A

artificial TFAs -> linked to heart disease

19
Q

how are trans-fatty acids produced?

A

produced via hydrogenation process

20
Q

describe what makes a trans-fatty acid:

A

Hydrogens on double bonds are on opposite sides(trans rather than cis)

cis - hydrogens on the same side

21
Q

describe structure of sterols(cholesterol):

A

multiple ringed structure

22
Q

where is cholesterol found?

A

only found in animal foods

eg. meat, eggs, fish

23
Q

cholesterol is the starting material for:

A

bile salts
sex hormones
adrenal hormones
vitamin D

24
Q

how much cholesterol is produced per day and where?

A

liver produces 800-1500mg of cholesterol daily

25
Q

what does too much saturated fat and cholesterol do?

A

clogs artery - heart disease, cardiovascular disease

no such thing as “good” and “bad” cholesterol in the diet

26
Q

describe VLDL:

A

lipoprotein shell containing fat and cholesterol
deposits fat in adipose tissue

after fat is deposited becomes LDL

27
Q

describe LDL:

A

lipoprotein shell containing cholesterol

  • “bad” sticks to blood vessel walls, form clots
28
Q

describe HDL:

A

protective effect

- liver produces “empty” shells, go into blood stream & pick up LDL

29
Q

outline role of saturated fat, trans fats and cholesterol in the development of heart disease:

A

cholesterol blocks artery wall
saturated fat INCREASES LDL -> increasing risk of clot
trans fat[the worstttt] increases LDL & decreases HDL -> not only increasing risk of clot, but also decreasing body’s ability to remove LDL from wall

30
Q

how to lower LDL and raises HDL?

A
  • weight control
  • replace saturated fat with mono&poly unsaturated fat eg. avo, canola
  • physical activity
  • genes may make you more prone -> influences uptake, synthesis, transport and degradation of lipoproteins
31
Q

what are the “good” fats to consume? why?

A

mono: decrease LDL, increase HDL
poly: decrease LDL, decrease HDL

32
Q

examples of mono and poly unsaturated foods:

A

mono: olive, canola oil, avo
poly: veg oil, margarines, nuts and seeds

33
Q

what is the chemical composition of a triglyceride?

A

3 fatty acid chains attached to a glycerol molecule

34
Q

what is meant by the term poly unsaturated fatty acid?

A

fatty acid containing more than 1 carbon-carbon double bond

- less hydrogen saturation

35
Q

what is meant by the term essential fatty acid?

A

a fatty acid necessary for health that must be obtained from the diet, as body cannot produce it itself

36
Q

name 2 types of essential fatty acid and list 2 good food sources:

A 
omega 3:
EPA & DHA= fish
linolenic= flaxseed oil
omega 6:
linoleic= safflower oil
arachodonic= meats
37
Q

2 acids in omega 3:

A

EPA & DHA

linolenic

38
Q

2 acids in omega 6?

A

arachodonic acid

linoleic acid

39
Q

what is meant by the term trans-fatty acid?

A

unsaturated fatty acid with 1 or more C=C
it is artificially made via hydrogenation process
with hydrogens in trans figuration (H on opposite sides)

40
Q

name one artificial process that can produce trans-fatty acids:

A

hydrogenation of polyunsaturated fats

eg. make margarine

41
Q

list 3 foods that might contain trans-fatty acids:

A

deep fried foods, cake, chips, pastries

42
Q

high intake of trans fatty acids is linked to which disease?

A

CardioVascular Disease
increases LDL
decreases HDL

From Flashcardlet (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions