F: muscles functions & movement Flashcards
Shoulder extensors
Long head of tricep,
posterior deltoid,
latissimus dorsal,
Teres major
Shoulder flexors
Biceps brachii, anterior deltoid, pectorialis major
Shoulder abduction
Middle deltoid, supraspinatus
Shoulder adduction
Teres major, pectorialis major, latissimus dorsal
Shoulder medial rotation
Anterior deltoid, pectorialis major, latissimus dorsal, teres major, subcapularis
Shoulder lateral rotators
Infraspinatus, anterior deltoid, teres minor,
Hip extensor
Gluteus maximus, hamstrings(biceps femoris,
hip flexors
rectos femoris, sartorius
hip adduction
adductor brevis, magnum, longus
gracilis
hib abduction
glutei medius, minimus
hip medial rotators
glutei medius, minimus
hip lateral rotators
glutei maximus, piriformis, obturator internus, quadratus femoris
elbow flexors
biceps brachii,
brachialis
elbow extensors
Triceps brachii
functions of gluteus maximus?
hip extensor
hip lateral rotators
extensors of the shoulder must cross the joint on which aspect?
posterior
the ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow restricts which movement of the elbow?
abduction
which movements are normally performed at the wrist joint?
flexion/extension
adduction/abduction
which of these muscles medially rotates the shoulder?
pectorialis major anterior deltoid subscapularis latissimus dorsi teres major
which of these muscles supinates the forearm?
supinator
biceps brachii
where does eversion/inversion occur?
subtalar joint
ankle joint has NO movement in coronal plane
which movements are normally performed at the ankle joint?
dorsiflexion/plantarflexion
**only movement that occurs here
which muscles flex the knee? **
biceps femoris semitendinosus semimembranosis sartorius gracilis
the 3 lateral ligaments of the ankle ALL attach to which bone?
fibula
- none attach to tibia, 2 attach to calcaneus and 1 to the talus
which of these bones is a tarsal bone?
cuboid
navicular
where are carpels located?
hand
which muscle laterally rotates hip?
piriformis
gluteus maximus
on the humerus how do you tell the medial side from the lateral?
the olecranon fossa
what area of the femur does the patella attach to?
trochlea
what aspect of the elbow joint stops adduction?
radial collateral ligaments
what aspect of the elbow joint stops aBduction?
ulnar collateral ligament
describe the positioning of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments:
anterior cruciate crosses through the joint
posterior is simply at the back of the tibia - intercondylar notch
what are the flexors of the knee?
hamstrings: biceps femoris, semitendinosus and semimembranous
sartorius and gracilis also help
the extensors of the knee?
rectus femoris
vasta lateralis
vasta medialis
vasta intermedius
what are the medial rotators of the knee?
sartorius, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, popliteus
lateral rotators of the knee?
biceps femoris
forearm supinators:
supinator, biceps brachii
forearm pronators?
pronator teres, pronator quadratus
describe the location of pronator teres?
near elbow joint - medial epicondyle
describe the location of pronator quadratus:
squarish looking muscle near the wrist
works with pronator teres to pronate wrist
what are the functions of pectoralis major?
medial rotation of shoulder
adduction of shoulder
flexion of shoulder
what is the functions of latissimus dorsi?
Medial rotation of shoulder
extension of shoulder
adduction of shoulder
what common features do pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi share?
both pass directly from trunk to the humerus
bypass scapula
what is special about the deltoid and gluteus maximus muscle?
can move their respective joints in opposite directions in the same plane
deltoid - flex and extend the shoulder
gluteus medius - medial and lateral rotation
BOTH wrap around shoulder/hip joint to act in both directions in the same plane
how do you remember the bones of the hand?
SLTPTTCH
Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate
what are the medial ligaments of the ankle?
the deltoid! 3 parts(do not need to know) anterior tibiotular posterior tibiotular tibiocalcaneal
what is referred to as the “common flexor” tendon?
medial epicondyle of the humerus
common origin of the flexors of the forearm
wrist flexors?
flexor carpi radialis
flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor digitalis superficialis
flexor digitalis profundus
wrist extensors:
extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis
extensor carpi ulnaris
extensor carpi digitorum
wrist radial deviators
flexor carpi radialis
extensor carpi radialis longus & brevis
wrist ulnar deviators
flexor carpi ulnaris
extensor carpi ulnaris
ankle plantarflexors:
gastrocnemius
soleus
ankle dorsiflexors:
tibialis anterior
extensor hallucis longus
extensor digitorum longus
what produces the movement of pronation?
pronator quadratus
pronator teres
what produces the movement of supination?
supinator
biceps brachii
where are each of the pronators located?
pronator teres = proximal, crosses elbow joint, has superficial & deep head
pronator quadratus = distal, looks kinda like a square on a slant haha
knee flexors:
hamstrings: biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
sartorius
gracilis
knee extensors:
Quadriceps: rectus femoris, vasta medialis, intermedius, lateralis
what are the 4 parts of quadriceps:
rectus femoris
vasta medius
vasta intermedialis
vasta lateralis
knee medial rotators:
medial parts of the hamstrings:
semitendinosus, semimembranosus
sartorius
popliteus
describe the popliteus:
back of the tibia
maintenance of posture “locks the knee”
knee lateral rotators
lateral part of hamstring:
biceps femoris
what is the location of the supinator?
lateral, near elbow joint, wraps around the radius
function of clavicle?
- assists shoulder movement
- transmits force
ratio of movement between scapula and humerus?
the scapular moves 1 degree for every 2 degrees of humerus movement
what nerve can be damaged with the dislocation of the shoulder?
axillary nerve
what movement happens in the sagittal plane?
separates into left/right
so extension and flexion
what movement happens in the transverse plane?
separates into upper and lower
so medial and lateral rotation
what movement happens in the coronal plane?
separates into posterior and anterior
so aBduction and aDduction
what is a foramen?
hole in bone
what 3 ligaments reenforce the hip-femor joint:
- illiofem (illium to femor)
- pubofem (pubis to femor)
- ischiofem(back)
what holds onto the head of the femor?
acetabulum - concavity
what are deep fascia?
they are fibrous stocking of collagenous tissue covering joints,
what separates muscle groups, eg. in the leg?
fascia cruris - which encricle the muscles
differences between muscles of the hamstrings:
biceps femoris = most lateral, attaches to fibular, crosses hip
semitendinosus, semimembranosus = attaches to tibia, does NOT cross hip
why can we not move tibia to RIGHT?
tibia is medial to fibula
aBduction and aDduction is not possible due to compression between condyles, and “gapping” between other condyles
define sublaxation:
“bone on bone”
why don’t we have aB and aDduction of the knee?
medial & lateral collateral ligaments
structure of bone joint hint the movement is not possible/wanted
what is the position of the cruciate ligaments?
between the condyles of the femor (femural inter-condyle notch)
anterior ligament crosses through joint
posterior ligament at the back of tibia - intercondyle notch.. does NOT cross through joint
what helps to decrease pressure in the knee joint?
meniscus
which is 2 “C” shaped triangular bits of fibrocartilage
gaps between the 2 for the cruciate ligaments
this increases area and decreases pressure of the joint
what are the 3 heads of the triceps?
long
lateral
medial
what are the bones of the foot from back to front?
calcaneus talus navicular cuboid cuneiform(medial, intermediate, lateral)
what ligament comes of the gastrocnemius? and what does it join to?
the aponeurosis ligament attaches to the achilles tendon
what are the calf muscles?
gastrocnemius
and under that is the soleus muscle
which one of the carpals can you feel if you poke through the snuff box?
scaphoid
- radial artery
What does the carpal tunnel consist of?
10 TENdons & a nerve
- 4 x tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis
- 4 X tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
- flexor pollicis longus
- flexor carpi radialis
- NERVE = median nerve
what is the function of the lumbrical muscle?
allows flexion of MCP joints WHILST keeping PIP & DIP joints extended
-> this movement is also helped by the interosseous muscle
what is the fascia lata?
stocking of deep fascia encircling the thigh muscles
as well as encircling the thigh muscles what else does the fascia lata do?
sends 2 vertical sheets of fascia inwards to femur that come to separate muscles
Medial & Lateral intermuscular septa
what muscle represents the merger of the medial and posterior compartments of the thigh muscles?
adductor magnus
as it has an adductor part(medial) and hamstring part(posterior)
why is there not intermuscular septum between the medial and posterior compartments in the thigh?
singularly due to the muscle adductor magnus, which has both an adductor part(innervated by obtrurator nerve - MEDIAL) and a hamstring part(innervated by tibial nerve - POSTERIOR)
what joins the tibia and fibula? what is it?
interosseous membrane
it is a sheet of fascia
where do nerves that supply the lower limb emerge/come from?
2 plexuses
- Lumbar
- Sacral
where do nerves that supply the upper limb emerge/come from?
brachial plexus
what are the peripheral nerves of the Lumbar plexus?
- femoral (ANTERIOR compartment)
- obturator (MEDIAL compartment)
what are the peripheral nerves of the Sacral plexus?
- tibial (POSTERIOR compartment)
- common fibular
- deep fibular
- superficial fibular
what does the clavicle attach onto?
acromion(back of scapula) - flat side
sternum
what ligaments attach clavical to scapula?
acromioclavicular ligament
attaches from end of clavicle to acromium
coracoclavicular ligaments = conoid + trapizoid ligament
attach to conoid tubercle
what ligaments are involved in injury to acromioclavicular joint(broken collarbone)?
acromioclavicular ligament
coraco acromial
coraco clavicular
what ligament joins the acromium and the coracoid process?
coracoacromial ligament
what does the trapezius do?
should shrug
whats the weird muscle that spiders around the ribs on the anterior lateral sides?
serratus anterior
what is the action of serratus anterior?
protraction of the scapula
state the insertion points of the following muscles:
teres major = medial lip
latissimus dorsi = intertubercular groove
pec major = lateral lip
if someone suffers from serratus anterior paralysis what is a likely symptom?
winged scapula
what are the attachment sites of the glenohumeral joint capsule?
attached to glenoidal labrum and anatomical neck of the humerus
what would be the result of adhesive capsulitis?
unable to raise hand
‘frozen shoulder’
what joints are part of the elbow joint?
- humeroulnar joint > act
- humeroradial joint > together = HINGE joint
- proximal radioulnar joint > works with distal radioulnar joint to pronate and supinate
describe the land marks between the epicondyles of the distal humerus:
radial fossa coronoid fossa
capitulum trochlea
olecranon fossa posteriorly
describe annular ligament:
wraps around proximal radial head
stops pulling of elbow - dislocation of radial head common in <5 years old
differentiate between long and short hear of the biceps:
long head is lateral and attaches to supraglendoid cavity(passes through intercondyle notch under the capsular ligament
short head is medial and attaches to the coracoid process
BOTH attach back down at the radial tuberosity
differentiate between heads of the triceps:
all attach to the olecranon of ulna but have different proximal attachment sites
long: infraglenoid tuberosity - CROSSES SHOULDER(extension)
lateral: posterior surface of humerus
medial: posterior surface of humerus - UNDER long head
WTF IS THE CUBITAL FOSSA
> ?????
boundaries of the cubital fossa?
brachioradialis
pronator teres
contents of the carpel tunnel and what covers it?
flexor digitorum superficialis flexor digitorum profundus flexor carpi radialis median nerve flexor pollicis longus
where are the medial and lateral malleolus located?
tibia
