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Immunology/Haematology > Myeloid malignancy > Flashcards

Myeloid malignancy Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of cancer is indicated by low neutrophil count?

A

Acute Myeloid Leukaemia

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2
Q

What kind of cells are affected by myeloid leukaemia?

A 
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Monocytes
Platelets
Red cells
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3
Q

What are the main differences in chronic compared to acute myeloid leukaemia?

A

Leukaemic cells retain ability to differentiate

Proliferation without bone marrow failure

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4
Q

What are some consequences of bone marrow failure in AML?

A

Anaemia
Thrombocytopenic bleeding (purpura and mucosal membrane)
Infection as a result of neutropenia

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5
Q

What are some essential investigations for acute leukaemia?

A 
FBC
Blood film
Bone marrow aspirate
Cytogenics adn immunophenotyping from leukaemic blasts
CSF exam
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6
Q

What are some consequences of CML?

A 
Anaemia
Splenomegaly
Weight loss
Hyperleukostasis
Gout
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7
Q

What is hyperleukostasis?

A

Fundal haemorrhage
Venous congestion
Altered consciousness
Resp failure

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8
Q

What are some blood count results affected in CML?

A

High WBC
High platelets
High neutrophils et al
Low Hb

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9
Q

What might a blood film show in CML?

A

All stages of white cell differentiation with increased basophils

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10
Q

What are some medications used to treat CML?

A

Imatinib
Dasatinib
Nilotinib

All tyrosine kinase inhibitors

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11
Q

Give some examples of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs)?

A 
Polycythaemia Vera (PV)
Essential thrombocythaemia (ET)
Idiopathic myelofibrosis
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12
Q

How does PV present?

A 
Headaches
Itch
Vascular occlusion
Thrombosis
TIA/stroke
Splenomegaly
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13
Q

What are some lab features in PV?

A

Raised Hb
Raised white cell and platelet
Raised uric acid

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14
Q

How is PV treated?

A

Venesection to correct haematocrit
Aspirin
Hydroxcarbamide

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15
Q

What are some consequences of PRV?

A

Stroke
Bone marrow failure
AML

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16
Q

What are some lab features of ET?

A

Raised platelet

CALR and JAK2V617F mutations

17
Q

How does ET present?

A 
Arterial and venous thrombosis
Digital ischaemia
Gout
Headache
Splenomegaly
18
Q

How can ET progress?

A

Myelofibrosis

AML

Immunology/Haematology (14 decks)

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