Infection Flashcards
Which immune cells are particularly involved with parasitic infections?
Eosinophils
Which immune cells are usually involved for fungal infection?
Monocytes
Neutrophils
T lymphocytes
Which immune cells are usually raised for bacterial infection?
Neutrophils
B lymphocytes
What kind of lymphocytes are usually raised in viral infection?
T lymphocytes
Which antibiotics may be used for sepsis prophylaxis?
Ciprofloxacin
Which anti-fungals may be used as prophylaxis for sepsis?
Fluconazole
Itraconazole
What is an anti-viral used for prophylaxis of sepsis?
Aciclovir
What are some other ways risk of sepsis can be reduced?
Growth factors e.g. G-CSF Stem cell rescue/transplant Protective environment e.g. laminar flow rooms IV immunoglobulin replacement Vaccination
What are the main causes of neutropenia?
Marrow failure
Immune destruction
When would neutropenia be “high risk”?
<0.2x10^9/l
Duration > 7 days
What are some risk factors for infection?
Disrupted skin/mucosal surfaces Altered flora Antibiotic resistance Lymphopenia Monocytopenia
Which conditions may increase risk of infection by inducing monocytopenia?
Hairy cell leukaemia
Chemotherapy
What are some bacteria which often cause febrile neutropenia?
MSSA MRSA Strep viridans Escherichia coli ESBL
What are some possible sight of infections leading to sepsis?
Resp tract GI Dental Mouth ulcers Skin sores Exit site of venous catheter Perianal
How might neutropenic sepsis present?
Fever with no localising signs Rigors Chest infection Skin sepsis UTI Septic shock
