Lymphoproliferative disorders Flashcards
(26 cards)
How might lymphoma present?
Weight loss Fever Drenching night sweats Pruritis General fatigue
Where do leukaemias like ALL typically start?
Bone marrow
Where hematopoietic cells kept there before differentiating into progenitor cells
What does ALL mean?
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
What does CLL mean?
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Which is the most common kind of lymphoma?
High-grade non-hodgkin lymphoma
Most common of these is Diffuse Large B-cell lymphoma
What is the most common low grade leukaemia?
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL)
Which cells are affected in ALL?
Lymphoid progenitor cells
These are meant to be the cells from which healthy lymphocytes differentiate
How does ALL usually present?
Bilateral impaired vision loss
SOB
Bone marrow failure (Low platelets, WCC and platelets)
Wee dots of haemorrhage all over fundoscopy
What are some histology results in ALL?
Large cells
Raised CD34 and TDT indicating immature cells
How is ALL treated?
Combination chemo
Consolidation therapy for long term solution
If high risk then maybe stem cell (bone marrow) transplant
What are BiTe molecules?
Bi-specific T cell engager
Guides immune system to send T cells after cancerous cells
Blinatumumab
What is CAR T cell therapy?
Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cell
Patient’s healthy T cells harvested
Modified to express specific T cell receptors against CD-19 marker
Cultured then infused into patient
What are some side effects of CAR T cell therapy?
Cytokine release syndrome (Fever, hypotension, dyspnoea)
Neurotoxicity (confusion, seizure, headache, coma)
What are some risk factors for ALL?
Increasing age
Increased WCC
Poor treatment response
Genetic predisposition
How is CLL diagnosed?
Slow growing
Cells normal mature lymphocytes
Easier to pick up as they carry many normal B lymphocyte markers
How might CLL present?
Often asymptomatic and picked up accidentally Bone marrow failure Lymphadenopathy Splenomegaly Fever and sweats Hepatomegaly Infection Weight loss
What other conditions are associated with CLL?
Immune paresis
Haemolytic anaemia
Describe a staging system for CLL.
Binet
Graded A-C
How is CLL treated?
Often just watch and wait Cytotoxic chemo Monoclonal antibodies Ibrutinab Idelisib Venetoclax
What is Ibrutinib?
Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor
What kind of cells are usually affected by non-hodgkin lymphoma?
B cell mostly
Sometimes T cells
How is low grade non-hodgkins lymphoma treated?
Responds well to chemo
How is high grade non-hodgkins lymphoma treated?
Combination chemo
Can be cured
What are some associations of hodgkins lymphoma?
Epstein Barr virus
Familial and geographical clustering
