Mutations 2 Flashcards
What are the types of mutations in terms of cell type?
Germ line/hereditary
Somatic
What type of cells are affected by germ line mutations?
Sperm
Eggs
What type of cells are affected by somatic mutations?
Body cells
Are germ line mutations or somatic mutations passed on to offspring?
Germ line mutations
Germ line mutations that have passed on to the offspring affect which cells of the offspring?
All of them!
Are DNA replication errors or transcription errors more common? Why?
Transcription errors
RNA polymerase doesn’t proof-read like DNA polymerase does
Do DNA replication errors or transcription errors have shorter-term effects? Why?
Transcription errors
- Not all copies of RNA will contain errors
- RNA molecules not inherited
- RNA molecules quickly degraded
Germ line mutations in mitochondrial DNA that have passed on to the offspring affect which organs the most? Why?
Brain
Heart
Muscles
Because require most energy
What are the symptoms and signs of mitochondrial disease?
Dementia
Heart disease
Muscle weakness, wasting
Hearing loss
Abnormalities of vision
What type of mutation builds up in mitochondrial DNA? Why?
Somatic mutations
because mitochondrial DNA has limited ability to repair itself
What is a build up of somatic mutations in mitochondrial DNA associated with?
Ageing
Age-related disorders
What are some examples of age-related disorders?
Neurodegenerative diseases
Heart disease
What are the types of mutations in terms of heridity?
Spontaneous
Inherited
What are spontaneous mutations?
Newly arising mutation
What is an inherited mutation?
Mutation carried from parents to offspring