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Cell Biology and Genetics > Collagen > Flashcards

Collagen Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the most abundant protein in the body?

A

Collagen

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2
Q

What type of tissue contains collagen?

A

Connective tissue

  • loose
  • dense
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3
Q

What are four examples of dense connective tissues that contain collagen?

A

Bone

Cartilage

Ligaments

Tendons

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4
Q

What type of cell produces collagen?

A

Fibroblasts

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5
Q

Which ribosomes produce collagen?

A

Ribosomes on the ER

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6
Q

What form of collagen is produced by the ribosomes?

A

Preprocollagen

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7
Q

What happens to preprocollagen in the ER?

A

Signal peptide is cleaved off to form procollagen

Hydroxylation

Triple helix formation

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8
Q

What exactly in procollagen is hydroxylated in the ER?

A

Proline and lysine residues are hydroxylated

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9
Q

What is the enzyme responsible for hydroxylation of procollagen in the ER?

A

Prolyl hydroxylase

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10
Q

What does prolyl hydroxylase require in order to function?

A

Vit C

Fe2+ ions

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11
Q

What is the importance of hydroxylation of procollagen?

A

Allows for increased hydrogen bonding between collagen chains in triple helix
increased stability of triple helix

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12
Q

What is the disease caused by decreased stability of collagen triple helix?

A

Scurvy

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13
Q

What type of triple helix does procollagen form?

A

Right-handed triple helix

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14
Q

What is each collagen chain in the triple helix called?

A

Alpha chain

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15
Q

How many collagen alpha chains form the triple helix?

A

Three duh

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16
Q

What are the types of alpha chains that make up type 1 collagen triple helix?

A

Alpha-1 x2

Alpha-2

17
Q

What are the features of the triple helix of collagen?

A

Non-compressible

Non-extensible/high tensile strength

18
Q

What is the amino acid sequence of the collagen alpha chains?

A

Glycine-X-Y

X and Y tend to be proline or hydroxyproline

19
Q

Why is glycine repeated in the collagen alpha chains?

A

Only amino acid with small enough side chain to fit in the middle of the triple helix

20
Q

Where are procollagen triple helices transported to from the ER?

A

Golgi

21
Q

What happens to procollagen triple helices in the Golgi?

A

Packaged into vesicles

vesicles bud off from Golgi

22
Q

What happens to the vesicles containing procollagen triple helices?

A

Release their contents into the extracellular space by exocytosis

23
Q

What happens to procollagen triple helices in the cytoplasm?

A

N and C terminal peptides cleaved off

to form tropocollagen

24
Q

What happens to tropocollagen in the extracellular space?

A

Tropocollagen comes together to form collagen fibrils
then collagen fibres

cross-links formed between them

25
Q

What is responsible for forming cross-links between tropocollagen molecules?

A

Lysyl oxidase

26
Q

What does lysyl oxidase require to function?

A

Vit B6

Cu2+

27
Q

Why is tropocollagen formed extracellularly rather than inside the fibroblast?

A

Collagen fibres forming inside the fibroblast would damage and kill the fibroblast

28
Q

What type of tertiary structure does collagen have?

A

Fibrous tertiary structure

Cell Biology and Genetics (32 decks)

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