Blood clotting cascade Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two pathways of the blood clotting cascade?

A

Intrinsic pathway

Extrinsic pathway

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2
Q

What activates the intrinsic pathway?

A

Damaged endothelial lining of blood vessel

factor 12 binds

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3
Q

What activates the extrinsic pathway?

A

Membrane damage exposes tissue factor

tissue factor = factor 3

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4
Q

What do both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways lead to?

A

Activation of factor 10

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5
Q

What does activated factor 10 do?

A

Cleaves prothrombin into thrombin

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6
Q

What does thrombin do?

A

Cleaves fibrinogen into fibrin

Positively feedbacks on activation of factors in intrinsic pathway and common pathway

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7
Q

What does fibrin do?

A

Forms cross-links with other fibrin molecules

to form a fibrin clot

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8
Q

What is the structure of prothrombin?

A

Protease

Kringle domains

Gla domain

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9
Q

What is the function of the kringle domains in prothrombin?

A

Keep prothrombin in inactive form

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10
Q

What is a Gla residue?

A

Extra COOH groups attached to glutamate

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11
Q

Which factors have Gla residues?

A

Factors

  • 2
  • 7
  • 9
  • 10
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12
Q

Where in the body are Gla residues formed?

A

Liver

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13
Q

What is required for the formation of Gla residues?

A

Vitamin K

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14
Q

What is the function of Gla residues?

A

Target factor to the site of injury

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15
Q

How do Gla residues target factors to site of injury?

A

Negatively charged COOH- residues are attracted to calcium ions at site of injury

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16
Q

What is the purpose of Gla residues targeting factors to the site of injury?

A

So that blood clots form at the site of injury only

17
Q

What is the structure of fibrinogen?

A

Two sets of tripeptides
joined by disulphide bond in the middle

Globular domains at middle and exterior ends

18
Q

What is the structure of fibrin?

A

Central globular domain is fibrinogen is cleaved off to form fibrin

19
Q

How does fibrin come together to form fibrin clot?

A

Exterior globular domains interact with exposed centre of fibrin

20
Q

How is the blood blotting cascade stopped?

A

Clotting factors diluted by blood flow

Clotting factors removed by liver

Clotthing factors digested by proteases

Clotting factors are inhibited

21
Q

What is an example a protease that digests clotting factors?

22
Q

How is protein C activated?

A

By thrombin

23
Q

What do defects in protein C cause?

A

Thrombotic disease

24
Q

What is an example of an inhibitor of clotting factors?

A

Antithrombin

25
What enhances the activity of antithrombin?
Heparin
26
What is fibrinolysis?
The digestion of the fibrin clot into fibrin fragments
27
What digests the fibrin clot into fibrin fragments?
Plasmin
28
What forms active plasmin?
Tissue plasminogen active (tPA) Streptokinase
29
What is the inactive form of plasmin?
Plasminogen