Errors in mitosis and meiosis Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the consequences of faulty meiosis?

A

Infertility

Miscarriages

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2
Q

What is non-disjunction?

A

Chromatids/chromosomes are not separated in anaphase

both move to one pole of cell

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3
Q

Chromosomes used for analysis come from what stage of the cell cycle?

A

Metaphase of mitosis

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4
Q

How are chromosomes visualised?

A

Stained

then looked at under microscope

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5
Q

What is a karyotype?

A

Information about the chromosomes present in the cell

any numerical or structural changes

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6
Q

How is a karyotype imaged?

A

Homologous chromosomes next to each other in pairs

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7
Q

How is a karyotype written?

A

Total number of chromosomes
sex chromosomes
any additional or missing chromosomes

commas in between, no spaces

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8
Q

What is trisomy?

A

Three copies of a particular chromosome instead of two

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9
Q

What is aneuploidy?

A

Abnormal number of chromosomes

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10
Q

What does mitotic non-disjunction produce?

A

Daughter cell with trisomy, two of them are identical

Daughter cell with monosomy

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11
Q

What is monosomy?

A

Only one copy of a particular chromosome instead of two

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12
Q

What happens to cells with monosomy?

A

Usually die

unless monosomy involves X chromosome

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13
Q

What is the outcome of mitotic non-disjunction in the first post-zygotic division

A

Daughter cell with trisomy survives

all cells from thereon have trisomy

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14
Q

What is the outcome of mitotic non-disjunction in the second post-zygotic division?

A

Daughter cell with normal number of chromosomes survives and divides

Daughter cell with trisomy survives and divides

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15
Q

What is the karyotype of mitotic non-disjunction in the second post-zygotic division?

A

46,N/47,N,+Z

mosaic karyotype

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16
Q

What is mosaicism?

A

Two or more cell lines in individual

can be tissue limited or throughout the body

17
Q

What does the extent of mosaicism depend on?

A

Depends on which post-zygotic division involved the non-disjunction

18
Q

What is the karyotype of mitotic non-disjunction in the first post-zygotic division?

A

47,N,+Z