mutations 1.6

Question 1

single gene mutation

Answer 1

alteration of a dna nucleotide sequence

Question 2

chromosome structure mutation

Answer 2

affect the structure of one or more chromosome

Question 3

substitution

Answer 3

replacement of one or more nucleotides

Question 4

insertion

Answer 4

addition of one or more nucleotides

Question 5

deletion

Answer 5

removal of one or more nucleotides

Question 6

only affects one nucleotide so only one amino acid in the polypeptide

Answer 6

substitution

Question 7

missense (substitution)

Answer 7

changes one amino acid and so usually only results in a minor change to the protein structure

Question 8

nonsense

Answer 8

only part of the protein is made as a premature stop codon is produced the protein is shorter so has the incorrect shape and function

Question 9

splice site mutation

Answer 9

intron removal ad exon splicing effected. introns are not cut out or some exons are not retained as they should be

Question 10

what happens if introns are read during translation

Answer 10

the protein will have extra amino acids so will alter the sequence therefore shape and function of the protein

Question 11

frame shift mutations

Answer 11

deletion and insertion

Question 12

what is a frame shift mutation

Answer 12

affects all codons after the point of mutation so all amino acids after this point are different

Question 13

translocation mutation

Answer 13

a section of. chromosome is added to a chromosome, not its homologous partner

Question 14

a section of. chromosome is added to a chromosome, not its homologous partner

Answer 14

translocation mutation

Question 15

inversion mutation

Answer 15

section of chromosome is reversed

Question 16

section of chromosome is reversed

Answer 16

inversion mutation

Question 17

what happens in an inversion mutation

Answer 17

the chromosome breaks in two places and the segment turns around 180 before joining up again the normal sequence of genes is reversed

Question 18

deletion mutation (chromosome)

Answer 18

section of a chromosome is removed have a major effect on the organism

Question 19

duplication mutation

Answer 19

section of chromosome is added from its homologous partner and genes are repeated on a chromosome

Question 20

duplication mutation

Answer 20

section of chromosome is added from its homologous partner and genes are repeated on a chromosome

Question 21

section of chromosome is added from its homologous partner and genes are repeated on a chromosome

Answer 21

duplication mutation