3.1 food supply, plant growth and productivity

Question 1

food security

Answer 1

is the ability of human populations to produce food of sufficient quality and quantity in order to support the population

Question 2

three needs for food security

Answer 2

quantity
quality
access

Question 3

food sustainability

Answer 3

the ability of food systems to keep production and distribution going continuously without environmental degradation

Question 4

how is increased crop yield achieved

Answer 4

fertilisers, pesticides, intensive farming methods

Question 5

by manipulating certain factors the rate of what should be increased

Answer 5

photosynthesis

Question 6

abiotic factors affecting rate of photosynthesis

Answer 6

light intensity
CO2 concentration
temperature
PH

Question 7

accessibility

Answer 7

sufficient economic and infrastructure resources to get available food resources

Question 8

sufficient economic and infrastructure resources to get available food resources

Answer 8

accessibility

Question 9

availability

Answer 9

existence of food in sufficient quantities and of appropriate quality over time

Question 10

existence of food in sufficient quantities and of appropriate quality over time

Answer 10

availability

Question 11

N5 photosynthesis equation

Answer 11

light
co2 +water——————> glucose and oxygen
chlorophyll

Question 12

what % of energy is loss over trophic levels

Answer 12

90%

Question 13

livestock production produces ………………… food per unit area than plant production

Answer 13

less

Question 14

why is all land not farmed for crops

Answer 14

some habitats are unsuitable for cultivation of crop plants but can efficiently produce livestock

Question 15

what is the energy released by respiration used for

Answer 15

movement and other life processes and is eventually lost as heat to the surroundings

Question 16

where does photosynthesis occur

Answer 16

chloroplasts

Question 17

what do photosynthetic pigments in the chloroplasts do

Answer 17

absorb light energy and turn it into chemical energy

Question 18

what do accessory pigments such as carotenoids do

Answer 18

absorb wave length of light not absorbed by chlorophyll A
broaden the absorption spectrum
provide more energy for photo synthesis

Question 19

what does an absorption spectrum show

Answer 19

the extent to which different colours of light are absorbed by a pigment

Question 20

what does an action spectrum show

Answer 20

the effectiveness if different wavelengths of light at bringing about the process of phtotosynthesis

Question 21

what is the photolysis of water

Answer 21

the water is split into oxygen and hydrogen

Question 22

where does photolysis take place

Answer 22

grana of the chloroplast

Question 23

where does the carbon cycle (carbon fixation take place)

Answer 23

stroma of the chloroplast

Question 24

how is light energy absorbed

Answer 24

by photosynthetic pigments to generate ATP and for photolysis

Question 25

how does the light energy absorb affect the electron

Answer 25

excites,
transfer of these electrons through the electron transport chain releases energy to release ATP

Question 26

what is the coenzyme that transports hydrogen ions to the calvin cycle

Answer 26

NADP

Question 27

how is 3PG formed

Answer 27

enzyme rubisco attaches CO2 to ribulose bisphosphate (rubp)

Question 28

what happens to 3GP to form G3P

Answer 28

photophosphorylated by ATP and combines with hydrogen ions from NADPH from the light reaction

Question 29

what happens to the G3P

Answer 29

can be recycled back into RuBP
used in the synthesis of glucose

Question 30

how are the sugars produced used

Answer 30

used for cellular respiration to provide the plant with energy for growth

the remaining sugar molecules can be synthesised into a molecule of complex carbohydrates