cell differentiation 1.4 Flashcards
a single celled organism is called
a zygote
what is cellular differenciation
the process by which an unspecialised cell becomes specialised
what happens after differentiation
the cell only express the genes necessary to produce proteins characteristic for that type of specialised cell.
what makes meristems different to other plant cells
- divide repeatedly
- differentiate into specialised plant cells
apical meristems
in shoot and root tip
responsible for primary growth
lateral meristems made from tissue cambium
in vascular bundle
responsible for secondary growth (thickening)
where does growth take place in plants
meristems
what are stem cells
unspecialised un differentiated animal cells involved in growth and repair.
what is self renewal
each new cell has the potential to remain a stem cell
can divide by mitosis without becoming specialised
stem cells can differentiate by
certain genes being expressed, while others are switched off
have an unlimited range of different cell types
embryonic stem cells
embryonic stem cell summary
stem cells from early embryos
pluripotent
all genes can be switched on
can differentiate into any specialised cell within the organism
have limited range of different cell types
tissue adult stem cells
tissue adult stem cells summary
multipotent
can divide into a more limited range of cell types
necessary for growth and repair f issues
ever tissue has a store of adult stem cells which can divide and differentiate to replace dead or damaged cells in that particular tissue
uses of stem cells
research value
therapeutic value
