Must dominate characters Flashcards
部
bù ————–
Some modern scholars believe that the original meaning of “Bù” is a lower-level administrative unit divided from a certain region. Later, it was extended to mean command, and then to mean distinction or separation. It is also used as a noun to refer to a category. Therefore, “Bù” is also used to refer to an official office or administrative agency. “Bù” is also used as a quantifier, mostly used to refer to books or films, such as a film, two TV shows, and three books. It is also used to refer to other things, such as a machine, two cars, etc.
— Part where something is STH + 部
中部 –> Middle part / Part where the middle is
西部 –>
腹部 –>
底部
外部
内部 – nèi bù - interior; inside (part, section); internal;
头部 –> Head
面部
Classfier 部[bu4]
- 传记 - zhuàn jì - biography; CL:篇[pian1] ,部[bu4]
- 机器 - jī qì - machine; CL:台[tai2] ,部[bu4] ,个
- 摩托车 - mó tuō chē - motorbike; motorcycle; CL:辆[liang4] ,部[bu4]
— Other must know words
俱乐部 - jù lè bù - club (i.e. a group or organization); CL:个
部署 - bù shǔ - to dispose; to deploy; deployment
部位 - bù wèi - position; place
些
些 => 止 (stop), 匕 (spoon), 二 (two)
————-
xie1 - some/few/several/measure word indicating a small amount or small number (greater than 1)
一些 / 些 / 有些 / 这些 (這些) / 那些
主
丶+ 王
- The owner of power or property, the head of a family: the owner of a family. The owner of a family. The owner of a family.
- In the old days, ministers were called kings, subordinates were called superiors, and servants were called masters of the family: the owner of a family. The owner of a family.
- Opinions on things or how they should be handled, decisions: the owner of a family. The owner of a family. The owner of a family.
- The owner of a family has the power to decide on things: the owner of a family. The owner of a family. The owner of a family.
- The most important and basic thing: the owner of a family. The owner of a family. The owner of a family.
- Prediction: early morning clouds and rain.
- The tablets set up for the dead in the old days: the owner of a family. The owner of a family.
- The name of the god or founder of the religion in Christianity and Islam.
- Surname.
主持(人）- zhǔ chí - to take charge of; to manage or direct; to preside over; to uphold; to stand for (eg justice); to host (a TV or radio program etc)
主动 - zhǔ dòng - to take the initiative; to do sth of one’s own accord; active; opposite: passive 被被动[bei4 dong4]; drive (of gears and shafts etc)
主观 - zhǔ guān - subjective
主人 - zhǔ rén - master; host; owner; CL:个
主任 - zhǔ rèn - director; head; CL:個|个[ge4];
主题 - zhǔ tí - theme; subject
主席 - zhǔ xí - chairperson; premier; chairman; CL:个,位[wei4]
主张 - zhǔ zhāng - to advocate; to stand for; view; position; stand; proposition; viewpoint; assertion; CL:个
样
样式 - yàng shì - type; style
理
王 + 里 –》 lǐ 理
总理 - zǒng lǐ - premier; prime minister; CL:个,位[wei4] ,名[ming2]
办理 - bàn lǐ - to handle; to transact; to conduct
处理 - chǔ lǐ - to handle; to treat; to deal with; to process; CL:个
道理 - dào lǐ - reason; argument; sense; principle; basis; justification; CL:个
地理 - dì lǐ - geography
合理 - hé lǐ - rational; reasonable; fair
理论 - lǐ lùn - theory; CL:个
理由 - lǐ yóu - reason; grounds; justification; CL:个
物理 - wù lǐ - physics; physical
心理 - xīn lǐ - mental; psychological
心理学家 (心理學家) - psicologo
触
with the radical jiao, meaning to hit something with one’s horns.
To touch; to bump into; to collide: to feel the electricity. To be moved immediately.
To be moved; to be touched: to feel the electricity. To be moved immediately.
接触 - jiē chù - to touch; to contact; access; in touch with
触犯 - chù fàn - to offend; to violate; to go against
触摸 -
确
què
确 seems to mean absolute
確 is the traditional version, so you can see that the relevant thing is the stone, and the corn is random
——————-
明确 - míng què - to clarify; explicit; clear-cut; definite; to specify; to make definite
确定 - què dìng - definite; certain; fixed; to fix (on sth); to determine; to be sure; to ensure; to make certain; to ascertain; to clinch; to recognize; to confirm; OK (on computer dialog box)
确认 - què rèn - to confirm; to verify; confirmation
的确 - dí què - really; indeed
确实 - què shí - indeed; really; reliable; real; true
正确 - zhèng què - correct; proper
准确 - zhǔn què - accurate; exact; precise
确切 - què qiè - definite; exact; precise
确信 - què xìn - to be convinced; to be sure; to firmly believe; to be positive that; definite news
罪
zuì
罪 - does not change from traditional - means “crime,” “sin,” or “guilt” in Chinese. It represents wrongdoing or violations of laws, morals, or principles.
罪犯 - zuì fàn - criminal
靠
kào - does not change from traditional
靠 means to rely on, to lean on, or to depend on. It conveys the idea of physical or figurative support, trust, or proximity.
依靠 - yī kào - to rely on sth (for support etc); to depend on
依然
- 依然记得从你口中说出再见坚决如铁
成
cheng2
The original meaning of Cheng is generally believed to be completion, while some people believe that it means city. From completion, it is extended to maturity and adulthood. It is also extended to achievement and accomplishment, and also has the meaning of “to become” and “to become”. In addition, it is further extended to mean completion, reconciliation, and greatness.
To complete; to succeed (opposite to “fail”): the mission is done. The matter is done.
To accomplish:
To become; to change into:
To achieve: to enjoy the fruits of one’s labor.
把 + Obj.+ 当成 / 看成
我一直把他看成我哥哥 –> I have always seen him as my older brother.
他把我家当成了他自己家 –> He treated my house like his own.
成都
成果 - chéng guǒ - result; achievement; gain; profit; CL:个
成就 - chéng jiù - accomplishment; success; attain a result; achievement; CL:个
成立 - chéng lì - to establish; to set up; to be tenable; to hold water
成人 - chéng rén - adult;
成熟 - chéng shú - mature; ripe
成长 - chéng zhǎng - to mature; to grow; growth
赞成 - zàn chéng - to approve; to endorse
造成 - zào chéng - to bring about; to create; to cause
组成 - zǔ chéng - to form; to make up; to compose
造
zào -
牛 + 口 + (丶+ ㇋ 横折折撇 + ㇏捺)
造 (zào), and its original meaning is to go to a certain place. Then in the current dictionary also has the meanings: Make, produce, create, harvest, achieve.
[Ancient Text〕艁《Guangyun》Zuo Zao Qie《Jiyun》Yun Hui》Zhengyun》Zao Qie, 𠀤pronounced as “Zengyun” means to build, to make, and to do.
Also, “zaoci” means to be urgent. “The Analects” Zaoci must be here.
造成 - zào chéng - Pose, generated, to bring about; to create; to cause (Apparently it is used for non-physical things. That are negative)
造成混乱 - cause confusion;
造成假象 - put up a facade; create a false impression;
造成巨大损失 - cause enormous losses;
造成生动活泼的政治局面 - create a lively political situation;
造成严重后果 - result in serious harm; cause serious consequences
造成影响: 不幸的家庭环境可能对孩子的行为造成影响 –> An unhappy home environment can affect a child’s behaviour.
失业给他造成了沉重的打击 –> Losing his job came as a terrible blow to him.
创造 - chuàng zào - to create; to bring about; to produce; CL:个
(Apparently it is used for non-physical things. That are desirable)
创造奇迹 –> create miracles; work wonders; achieve prodigious feats;
创造社会财富 –> create the wealth of society;
创造新记录 –> set a new record; creating a new record;
创造优异成绩 –> produce excellent results;
创造有利条件 –> create favourable conditions;
创造战机 –> create opportunity for fighting;
是劳动创造了世界 –> It is labour that creates the world.
他在他的小说中创造了很多令人难忘的人物 –> He created many unforgettable characters in his novels.
VERY USEFUL:
政府计划为年轻人创造更多的就业机会 - The government plans to create more jobs for young people.
用音乐和照明创造一种浪漫的气氛 - Use music and lighting to create a romantic atmosphere
我们需要创造一个有利于生意兴隆的环境气氛。
We need to create a climate in which business can prosper.
工业的主要宗旨是创造财富 –> The main purpose of industry is to create wealth.
————————————————————
制造 - zhì zào - to engineer; to create; to manufacture; to make
制造车床 - produce lathes;
制造机器 - make machines;
中国制造 - made in China;
这家工厂制造鞋子 - This factory manufactures shoes.
这设备是我们自己制造的 - The equipment is of our own manufacture.
制
zhì - 製 - means to make, to manufacture, to regulate, or to control. It often refers to creating, producing, or setting rules for something.
觉
自觉 - zì jué - conscious; aware; on one’s own initiative; conscientious
批
pi1
批 - pī - to ascertain; to act on; to criticize; to pass on; classifier for batches, lots, military flights; tier (for the ranking of universities and colleges)
批准 - pī zhǔn - to approve; to ratify (Seems to be coming from someone with authority)
该协议必须由董事会批准 –> The agreement have to be ratify by the board.
该计划将送交委员会正式批准 –> The plan will be submitted to the committee for official approval.
这份报告总统尚未批准 –> The President hasn’t signed off on this report.
批准一项工程 –> authorize a project;
批准一项决议 –> approve a resolution;
国会批准了国家预算 –> The congress approved the budget.
计划已被批准 –> The plan has met with approval
段
duàn
1 丿撇
2 丨竖
3 一横
4 一横
5 ㇀提
6 丿撇
+
殳
阶段 - jiē duàn - stage; section; phase; period; CL:个
STH 阶段
历史阶段 - historical period;
人在这个人生阶段往往发奋努力 –> People tend to work hard at this stage of life.
这种设备仍处于试验阶段 –》 The equipment is still at the experimental stage.
每个人在人生的某个阶段都会经历这些问题。
Everyone experiences these problems at some time in their lives.
探
探索 - tàn suǒ - to explore; to probe; commonly used in names of publications or documentaries
侦探 - zhēn tàn - detective; to do detective work
索
搜索
sōu suǒ to search; to look for sth; to scour (search meticulously); to look sth up; internet search; database search
执
zhí2 - 執 in tradtional
Has meanings related to holding, grasping, persisting, and enforcing. It is often associated with the idea of firm control, persistence, or authority.
执照 - zhí zhào - license; permit
执行 - zhí xíng - implement; carry out; to execute; to run
执着 - zhí zhuó - attachment; stubborn; be attached to; persistent; persevering;
签
签 - qiān - to sign one’s name; to make brief comments on a document; autograph; visa
标签 - label (Also methaphorical)
犯
fàn
Its original meaning is to infringe, endanger, or attack. It is also used to refer to “to do something illegal or something that should not be done”. It is also used to refer to “to happen or to break out”, mostly to bad things. As a noun, it is also used to refer to people who have violated the law and should be punished.
技
技 - meaning refers to skill, technique, and talent.
STH 技 - Jump skill, play skill, etc
有些射手射技很差 - Some marksmen shoot badly
Other
新《技规》第187条的变化 - Changes of No 187 Clause in New Railway Technology Administrating Regulations
绝技 - unique skill;
技巧 - skill, technique, craftsmanship
巧
The original meaning of “qiao” is skill and art. Later, it was extended from this original meaning to the meanings of dexterity, skill, exquisiteness, beauty and expertise. Later, the meaning of dexterity was extended to cunning and hypocrisy, and the meaning of beauty was extended to the meaning of coincidence.
责
Its original meaning is to ask for something, and it is extended to blame, and also refers to responsibility. From the meaning of asking for something, it also refers to debt, and is pronounced zhài, which is an ancient Chinese character for “债”.
责 can have the meaning “reprove”
- 自责 - reprove oneself
责 responsibility / charge / duty :
- 我的搭档病了，所以我得负起全责 - My co-worker was sick, so I had to carry the ball.
负责 - is not a separable verb - to be responsible of
责任 - zé rèn responsibility; blame; duty; CL:个
责备 - zé bèi to blame; to criticize
谴责 - qiǎn zé - to denounce; to condemn; to criticize; condemnation; criticism (Governments, or organisations would use when they condem: racist statements, military attacks, etc. )
责怪 - zé guài - to blame; to rebuke (Say it is someone’s fault)
- 我不是责怪你的意思
指责 - zhǐ zé - to criticize; to find fault with; to denounce - ACUSE - but this would be also more formal, like a doctor, an organisation and politician.
他指责报纸企图败坏他的名声 - He accused the newspaper of trying to blacken his name.
他们指责政府唯工商界的利益是从 - They accused the government of a surrender to business interests.
负
fù - Only used for 负责
The ancient character was composed of a person and a shell, which means that a person has money beside him. The original meaning of “负” is to rely on or depend on. One theory is that the original meaning of “负” is to carry on one’s back, which is extended to mean to carry something. If a person has wealth (shells), he or she has something to rely on, so it is extended to mean to be self-defeating. From carrying on one’s back, it is extended to mean to let down, to apologize, to violate, etc. “负” is also extended to mean to lose or win, which means that if a person loses a battle, he or she will definitely turn his or her back to the place and run away.
格
ge2 - square/frame/rule/(legal) case/style/character/standard/pattern/(classical) to obstruct/to hinder/(classical) to arrive/to come/(classical) to investigate/to study exhaustively
Originally refers to the long branches of a tree. [8] It means the time of arrival, and is similar to “𢓜” or “佫”. It means the time of striking, stopping, or blocking, and is similar to “挌”.
人格 - rén gé - personality; integrity; dignity
价格 (價格) - price
性格 - personality
格外 - gé wài - especially; particularly
格格 - might mean princess, but it is not clear
资格 (資格) - zī gé - qualifications; seniority
风格 (風格) - fēng gé - style; maneer; mode
及格 - jí gé - to pass a test
格调 - style
————————————
倒
dao3 OR dao4
Its original meaning refers to returning home to lie down and rest. Later, it was extended to mean falling down or collapsing due to unstable standing. It was also extended from its original meaning to invert, reverse, or transform. It is pronounced as dǎo. It is also pronounced as dào, which is extended from invert, reverse, or transform to express surprise, irony, or to strengthen the tone. It is also extended to mean emptying the contents of a container by inverting its top. It is also extended to mean inverted or in reverse order.
dao4 - to place upside down/to invert/to pour/to throw out/to move backwards/however/actually/as a matter of fact/contrary to expectation
倒 - dào - to move backwards; converse
Expresses unexpected situations and contrasts expectations.
Subj. + 倒 ⋯⋯ ，不过 / 但是 / 就是 ⋯⋯ –> 这 篇 文章 的 内容 倒 不错 ，就是 太 长 了 。The content of this article is great, but it’s just too long.
⋯⋯ ，Subj. + 倒 + (也 / 又) ⋯⋯ –> 已经 是 春天 了，倒 又 冷 起来 了 - It’s already spring, but it’s actually getting colder.
Subj. + Verb + 得 + 倒 + Adj. - rebuking tone
Subj. + 倒 + Adj. - to express surprise
dao3 - to fall/to collapse/to topple/to fail/to go bankrupt/to change (trains or buses)/to move around/to sell/to speculate (buying and selling, also 搗|捣)/profiteer
倒霉 - dǎo méi - have bad luck; be out of luck
摔倒 - shuāi dǎo - to fall down; to slip and fall; to throw sb to the ground;
倒点 –> To pour over - 我给你倒点酒吧
喊
喊 - hǎn - to yell; to call; to cry; to shout
临 and 临
lín
Its ancient shape simulates a person looking down at a pile of objects. The original meaning is to look down from above.
It is also extended to mean
- to monitor from above.
- It is also extended to mean the rule of the kings and princes over the people.
Later, the meaning of “look” was weakened, leaving only the meaning of “facing”. “Lin” also means “to arrive”, such as “come”; it also means to learn from a model of calligraphy and painting.
临时 - lín shí - at the instant sth happens; temporary; interim; ad hoc
- At the time when something happens
- Temporary; provisional; for a short time:
- 临时办法 - a temporary arrangement; makeshift measures
- 我在找临时工作 - I’m looking for some temporary work.
- 临时决定的忘记告诉你了 - I forgot to tell you about the last-minute decision (This form of speaking is very extrange)
面临 - miàn lín - to face sth; to be confronted with
光临 - guāng lín - (honorific) Welcome!; You honor us with your presence.; It is an honor to have you.
途
tu2 - way/route/road
“way,” “route,” or “journey.” It refers to a path or method for traveling or progressing toward a destination.
The character 途 emphasizes the idea of a specific path or route taken during a journey. The 辶 radical reinforces the concept of motion, indicating that it’s not just any way, but one that is actively traveled or followed
长途 - cháng tú - long distance
前途 - qián tú - future outlook; prospects; journey （Originally it refers to the journey ahead and is a metaphor for the future）
- 你这样很厉害！小伙子有前途
- 有前途的人 - a promising man;
- 他问了几个有关公司前途的问题 - He asked several questions concerning the future of the company.
- 他很同情那些工作上毫无前途的人 - He pitied people who were stuck in dead-end jobs.
- 我看不出这个关系会有什么前途 - I can’t see any future in this relationship.
用途 - yòng tú - use; application
旅途 -
途中 -
半途而废 - bàn tú ér fèi - to give up halfway (idiom); leave sth unfinished
途径 - tú jìng - way; channel
览
lǎn - 覽 - to look at/to view/to read
The character suggests a deliberate act of viewing, whether it be in the context of sightseeing, inspecting a document, or appreciating art.
In summary, 覽 emphasizes the action of looking at or viewing something in a meaningful or significant way.
- 展览 - zhǎn lǎn - to put on display; to exhibit; exhibition; show; CL:个,次[ci4]
- 浏览 - liú lǎn - to skim over; to browse
- 浏览器 (瀏覽器) - browser
- 预览 (預覽)
揽缆榄
浏
The character 浏 (liú) primarily means “to browse” or “to skim through.” It is often used in contexts related to quickly looking over information or content, such as browsing the internet or reviewing documents.
聘
pin4 - The character 聘 (pìn) means “to hire,” “to engage,” or “to invite.” It is often used in the context of employment or formally inviting someone to work. (Same in traditional)
耳 + 甹 (由+丂)
应聘 - yìng pìn - to accept a job offer; to apply for an advertised position
招聘 - zhāo pìn - recruitment; to invite applications for a job
聘用 聘请 (聘請):
- 聘用 is more focused on formal employment and establishing a job position.
- 聘请 is broader and can include invitations to work on specific tasks or projects without the implication of a long-term employment relationship.
彻
彳 (step) + 一 (横) +𠄌(竖提) + 刀 (knife)
———–
彻底 - chè dǐ - COMPLETE/thorough; thoroughly; complete
- 彻底恢复 - recover completely (It’s similar to 完全）
贯彻 - guàn chè - to implement; to put into practice; to carry out
———–
混
hùn - conveys the idea of blending or mixing, both in a physical sense and in various figurative contexts.
混合 - hùn hé - to mix; to blend
混乱 - hùn luàn - confusion; chaos; disorder
- 我语法很混乱
准
zhun3 - to allow/to grant/in accordance with/in the light of
zhun3 - horizontal (old)/accurate/standard/definitely/certainly/about to become (bride, son-in-law etc)/quasi-/para-
准
标准 (標準)
准备 (準備)
准确 (準確)
批准 - pī zhǔn - to approve; to ratify
重
chong2
置
Basic Meaning:
置 refers to the act of placing something in a specific location or position. It implies a deliberate action of setting something down or arranging it.
Figurative Uses:
It can also mean “to establish” or “to set up,” such as in contexts involving establishing rules, systems, or organizations.
位置 - wèi zhi - Ubication / position; place; seat; CL:个
(This one already know, it is where something is)
设置 - shè zhì - to set up; to install
重置 - reset
递
di4 - to hand over/to pass on sth/to gradually increase or decrease/progressively
快递 (快遞)
速递 (速遞)
投递 (投遞) - submit?
传递 (傳遞)
邮递员 (郵遞員)
————————————-
投
tóu - tou2 - to throw/to send/to invest
投入 - tóu rù - to participate in; to invest in; to throw into; to put into; absorbed; engrossed;
投资 - tóu zī - investment; to invest
投票
管
guǎn
Basic Meaning:
Figurative Uses:
To manage or control: It can also mean “to manage” or “to govern.” In this context, it refers to overseeing or being in charge of something, such as 管理 (guǎn lǐ), which means “to manage” or “to administer.”
To care about: In colloquial usage, it can imply being concerned about or taking care of something, as in “我管你” (wǒ guǎn nǐ), which means “I care about you.”
———————
管子 - guǎn zǐ - tube; pipe; drinking straw; CL:根[gen1]
不管 - bù guǎn - no matter (what, how); regardless of; no matter
管理 - guǎn lǐ - to supervise; to manage; to administer; management; administration; CL:个
尽管 - jǐn guǎn - despite; although; even though; in spite of; unhesitatingly; do not hesitate (to ask, complain etc); (go ahead and do it) without hesitating
尽
尺 + 丶(点) + 丶(点)
jin3 - to the greatest extent/(when used before a noun of location) furthest or extreme/to be within the limits of/to give priority to
* 尽快 - jǐn kuài - as quickly as possible; as soon as possible; with all speed
* 尽管 - jǐn guǎn - despite; although; even though; in spite of; unhesitatingly; do not hesitate (to ask, complain etc); (go ahead and do it) without hesitating
jin4 - to use up/to exhaust/to end/to finish/to the utmost/exhausted/finished/to the limit (of sth)
* 尽力 - jìn lì - to strive one’s hardest; to spare no effort
* 尽量 - jìn liàng - as much as possible; to the greatest extent
赔
賠 - péi
Only notice that it can be used alone. You can say,
你算算，我陪
赔偿
既
jì
1 𠃍横折
2 一横
3 一横
4 𠄌竖提
5 丶点
+ 旡
————–
既然
一如既往 - yī rú jì wǎng - just as in the past (idiom); as before; continuing as always
概慨溉暨厩穊鱀
守
shǒu (Same writing in traditional chinese)
The primary meaning of 守 is “to guard” or “to protect.” It refers to the act of keeping watch over something or someone.
Overall, 守 encompasses concepts of protection, observation, and loyalty, making it applicable in various contexts related to safeguarding and adherence.
遵守 - zūn shǒu - to comply with; to abide by; to respect (an agreement)
守护 - shǒu hù - to guard; to protect
定
dìng
The primary meaning of 定 is “to set” or “to determine.” It refers to the act of establishing or deciding something.
Overall, 定 embodies the concepts of setting, confirming, and stability, making it relevant in both practical and emotional contexts.
New you must know
说不定 - shuō bu dìng - can’t say for sure; maybe
* 说不定会成功的
* 说不定，就能吸引同好
定位
* 从这一点出发，将自己定位成一位问题解决者 - From that point, position yourself as problem solver.
* Noun: Position: 可以发一个定位吗？
制定 - zhì dìng - to draw up; to formulate; to lay down; to draft
All the others you already know
砸
砸 - zá - smash; smashed; to fail; to get it wrong
我想砸这个电脑
砸核桃
我估计那天砸你家的不是黄玫瑰
他把我家砸了
亚
yà (In traditional chinese 亞)
亚洲
亚马逊
澳大利亚
马来西亚
亚军 - yà jūn - second place (in a sports contest); runner-up
兑
兑换 - duì huàn - to convert; to exchange
兑现 - duì xiàn - (of a cheque etc) to cash; to honor a commitment
轻
輕 - qing1 - light/easy/gentle/soft/reckless/unimportant/frivolous/small in number/unstressed/neutral/to disparage
年轻 (年輕)
轻易 - qīng yì - easily; lightly; rashly;
视
shì - 視
Primarily means “to see” or “to view.” Referring to the act of seeing something visually. Overall, 视 encompasses both physical seeing and more abstract notions of perception and consideration (For example 视为 means to consider something as).
忽视 - hū shì - to neglect; to ignore (Same as 忽略)
重视 - zhòng shì - to attach importance to sth; to value
轻视 - qīng shì - contempt; contemptuous; to despise; to scorn; scornful
* 轻视某人 - look down upon sb.;
* 轻视体力劳动 - look down on manual work
视为: 通常被视为一种不雅的自称
———————–
雅
yǎ
雅思 - IELTS
雅虎 -
文雅 - wén yǎ - elegant; refined
导
導 - dǎo
导 encompasses the ideas of leading, guiding, and inducing in various applications.
领导 - lǐng dǎo - to lead; leading; leadership; leader; CL:位[wei4] ,个
指导 - zhǐ dǎo - to guide; to give directions; to direct; to coach; guidance; tuition; CL:个
导演 - dǎo yǎn - direct; director (film etc)
导致 - dǎo zhì - to lead to; to create; to cause; to bring about
辅导 - fǔ dǎo - to coach; to tutor; to give advice (in study)
辅
fǔ
简
简单
奇
qí
大 + 可
Strange or unusual: It often refers to something that is odd or out of the ordinary.
Remarkable: It can also convey a sense of something being extraordinary or surprising.
In the context of numbers: It can refer to “odd” numbers (as opposed to even numbers).
——————
奇怪
好奇 - hào qí - inquisitive; curious
奇迹 - qí jì - miracle; miraculous; wonder; marvel
神奇 - shén qí - magical; mystical; miraculous
疲
疲
疲惫 - pí bèi - beaten; exhausted; tired
疲倦 - pí juàn - to tire; tired
疲劳 - pí láo - fatigue; wearily; weariness; weary
欲
慾 you can see that in the traditional form it has a heart.
yu4 - desire/appetite/passion/lust/greed
yu4 - to wish for/to desire/variant of 慾|欲[yu4]
欲望
Sth + 欲 –> a desire for
食欲, 性欲 (性慾), 物欲 (Material desire),
欲绝
毫
háo
毫 generally refers to something extremely small or fine, like a “tiny hair” or “fine detail.” This sense of “smallness” leads to its modern meanings like “millimeter,” “tiny amount,” or “slightest bit.”
丝毫 - sī háo - the slightest amount or degree; a bit
- 丝毫没有： 这种说法没有丝毫真实性 - There is not one iota of truth in the story.
- 丝毫不： 她丝毫不顾及别人的感受 - She shows a total disregard for other people’s feelings.
毫米 - háo mǐ - millimeter
毫无 - háo wú - not in the least; none whatsoever; completely without
属
shǔ
属于 - shǔ yú - classified as; to belong to; to be part of
金属 - jīn shǔ - metal; CL:种[zhong3]
附属 - fù shǔ - subsidiary; auxiliary; attached; affiliated; subordinate; subordinating
家属 - jiā shǔ - family member; (family) dependent
下属 - xià shǔ - subordinate; underling
初
chū
The character 初 (chū) has several meanings, primarily related to the concept of beginnings or first occurrences. Here are some common interpretations:
- Beginning or Initial: It often refers to the start of something, such as 初学 (chūxué), meaning “beginner” or “to start learning.”
- First Time: It can denote the first instance of an action, like 初次 (chūcì), meaning “for the first time.”
- New or Fresh: It can convey a sense of something being new or in its early stages.
In various contexts, it can also refer to early parts of the month in the lunar calendar, such as 初一 (chūyī), meaning the first day of the month.
初级 - chū jí - junior; primary
* 初级钢琴练习曲 - elementary exercises for the piano;
* 现在， 中国仍然处在社会主义的初级阶段 - At present， China is still on the initial stage of socialism.
最初 - zuì chū - first; primary; initial
At the beginning, …
* 最初，都会对人家说我很认真
* 最初我对你的判断是正确的
* 最初合同，- The prime contract,
* 最初的队员只剩下几名了 - There are only a few survivors from the original team.
———————-
捐
[juān]
Donation / Contribution OR Tax
捐 + STH + 给 + SB
- 捐钱 - Donate money
- 你真大方，捐了这么多钱 - It is very generous of you to contribute so much money.
- 慈善捐助你捐得多吗？- Do you give much to charity?
- 今年5月，他给希拉里胜利基金会（Hillary Victory Fund）捐了40万美元 - In May, he gave$ 400000 to the Hillary Victory Fund.
- 捐献威利斯先生今天捐了四百万给残障人士 - Mr. Willis donated four million dollars to the handicapped today.
- 当地一位商人出面捐了一大笔款给学校 - A local businessman stepped in with a large donation for the school
兴
In traditional chinese it is writen 興
Prosperity or Flourishing: It often denotes thriving or being in a state of growth. For example, 兴旺 (xīngwàng) means “prosperous” or “flourishing.”
To Rise or Increase: It can also imply an increase in something, such as 兴起 (xīngqǐ), which means “to rise” or “to emerge.”
Excitement or Interest: In some contexts, it can refer to enthusiasm or excitement. For example, 兴趣 (xìngqù) means “interest.”
To Cause or Induce: The character can also convey the idea of bringing about something, like 兴办 (xīngbàn), meaning “to set up” or “to establish.”
Overall, 兴 embodies concepts of vitality, growth, and positive development.
兴奋 - xīng fèn - excited; excitement
兴高采烈 - xīng gāo cǎi liè - happy and excited (idiom); in high spirits; in great delight
兴隆 - xīng lóng - Xinglong county in Chengde 承德[Cheng2 de2] , Hebei
兴旺 - xīng wàng - prosperous; thriving; to prosper; to flourish
𠕁
冂 (upside down box), 艹 (grass)
扁 - 编 - 篇 - 遍 - 偏 - 骗
扁 - biǎn - flat; (old form of character 匾, horizontal tablet with inscription)
编 - biān
编辑 - biān jí - to edit; to compile; editor; compiler
编织 - biān zhī - to weave; to knit; to plait; to braid; (fig.) to create (sth abstract, e.g. a dream, a lie etc);
编号 - Serial number / Identification number / Ref number
篇 - piān - piece of writing; sheet; bound set of bamboo slips used for record keeping (old); classifier for written items: chapter, article
遍 - biàn - a time; everywhere; turn; all over; one time
普遍, 遍布 (biàn bù - to cover the whole (area); to be found throughout)
一遍 - One more time: 再说一遍 / 这本书我要再看一遍 I want to read this book again. / 你应该再复习一遍 You should review it again.
偏 - piān (Individually it is not clear but seems to be associated with ‘excessive’ or ‘too much’)
偏差 - piān chā - bias; deviation
偏见 - piān jiàn - prejudice
偏僻 - piān pì - remote; desolate; far from the city
偏偏 - piān piān - (indicates that sth turns out just the opposite of what one would expect or what would be normal); unfortunately; against expectations
偏旁 - radicals
骗- piàn - to cheat; to swindle; to deceive; to fool; to hoodwink; to trick
欺骗 - qī piàn - to deceive; to cheat
诈骗 - zhà piàn - to defraud; to swindle; to blackmail
迟
chí
迟 (遲)
Basic Meanings:
* Late/Delayed: Refers to something happening later than expected or desired.
- 推迟 - tuī chí - to postpone; to put off; to defer
- 迟早 - chí zǎo - sooner or later
这事迟早都是要发生的 - It was bound to happen sooner or later.
继续申请吧，根据平均律你迟早会找到工作的 - Keep applying and by the law of averages you’ll get a job sooner or later.
- 迟疑 - chí yí - to hesitate （”delayed in deciding or acting.”）
- (It can also be used alone - 来迟了: Arriving late (used when someone arrives after the expected time)
- Example: 迟到 (chídào) – to be late (for an event or appointment).
- Slow: Describes something moving or progressing at a slower pace.
- 迟钝 - chí dùn - slow in one’s reactions; sluggish (in movement or thought);
- 迟缓 - chí huǎn - slow; sluggish
监
监 (太監)
jian1 - hard/strong/solid/firm/to supervise/to inspect/jail/prison
监督 - jiān dū - to control; to supervise; to inspect
* 你让我打卡，要监督我
* 我今天没背单词，你呢？监督你？
监视 - jiān shì - to monitor; to oversee; to keep a close watch over; to spy on
监狱 - jiān yù - prison
监控 (監控)
监测 (監測)
监管 (監管)
监考 (監考)
总监 (總監)
jian4 - supervisor
证监会 (證監會)
盲
盲 - mang2 - blind (Same form in traditional chinese)
When these two components are combined, the meaning becomes “loss of sight” or “blindness,” representing someone whose eyes have lost their ability to see. It conveys not just physical blindness but can also imply ignorance or being unaware of certain truths or realities.
盲目 - máng mù - blind; aimless
* 他盲目相信医生有妙手回春的能力 - He has blind faith in doctors’ ability to find a cure.
* 伊娃对他的盲目信任让他感到宽慰 - He found comfort in Eva’s blind faith in him.
* 他想自己拿主意，而不是盲目听从他父母的意见。
He wanted to decide for himself instead of blindly following his parents’ advice.
* 我不盲目偏袒你 - Blind favouritism
盲人
文盲
盲从 (盲從)
盲点 (盲點)
色盲
辞
辭 - cí
舌 (tongue) + 辛 (bitter)
推辞 - tuī cí - to decline (an appointment, invitation etc)
辞职 - cí zhí - to resign
致辞 - zhì cí - to express in words or writing; to make a speech (esp. short introduction, vote of thanks, afterword, funeral homily etc); to address (an audience); same as 致致词
告辞 - gào cí - to take leave
言辞 (言辭)
辞 (辭)
辞去 (辭去)
—————————————–
避
避免 - bì miǎn - to avert; to prevent; to avoid; to refrain from
回避 - huí bì - to evade; to shun; to avoid
逃避 - táo bì - to evade; to avoid; to shirk; to escape;
壁
隔壁 - gé bì - next door; neighbor
- 住在隔壁 - live next door;
- 隔壁第二间 - next door but one;
- 隔壁邻居 - next-door neighbor
As a place: When referring to physical spaces, 隔壁 can mean a room or apartment next door.
隔壁 + STH (The something next door)
隔壁的房间 (gé bì de fáng jiān) – “The room next door”
隔壁的邻居 (gé bì de lín jū) – “The neighbor next door”
隔壁 + alone (Next door)
昨天夜里隔壁有些异常情况 - There were some strange goings-on next door last night.
悬崖峭壁 - xuán yá qiào bì - cliffside
臂
臂 - bì - arm
手臂
譬
譬如 - pì rú - for example; for instance; such as
僻
偏僻 - piān pì - remote; desolate; far from the city
举
jǔ - The traditional character is 舉
举 typically refers to actions that involve lifting or raising in both literal (like physically raising) and figurative senses (like raising a proposal or initiating an action). It’s versatile and can be used in a variety of contexts, ranging from physical actions to more abstract or formal ones
Meaning 1: To lift or to raise something physically.
* 举手 (jǔ shǒu) – “Raise your hand.”
* 举重 (jǔ zhòng) – “Weightlifting.”
Meaning 2: To propose, to cite, or to recommend.
Meaning 3: To act or to carry out (Formal）
* 举动 (jǔ dòng) – “Behavior” or “action.”
* 举行 (jǔ xíng) – “To hold” (an event or a ceremony)
Meaning 4: To mobilize or to initiate (often in military contexts).
* 举兵 (jǔ bīng) – “To mobilize troops” or “to raise an army.”
举 - to lift; to hold up; to cite; to enumerate; to act; to raise; to choose; to elect
* 举个例子
一举 (一舉)
举手 (舉手)
举动 - jǔ dòng - act; action; activity; move; movement
举行 (舉行) - jǔ xíng - to hold (a meeting, ceremony etc)
* 举行会议 (jǔxíng huìyì) – “To hold a meeting.”
举办 (舉辦) - jǔ bàn - “To organize” (an event) - to conduct; to hold
* 举办婚礼 -> 中国人喜欢在周末，和假期的时候举办婚礼
* 举办活动 (jǔbàn huódòng) – “To organize an event/activity.”
选举 (選舉)
举世瞩目 - jǔ shì zhǔ mù - attract worldwide attention
举足轻重 - jǔ zú qīng zhòng - a foot’s move sways the balance (idiom); to hold the balance of power; to play the decisive role
榉
性
xìng - primarily refers to “nature” or “character” (Does not change as a traditional character)
Nature or Innate Characteristics
* 个性 (gèxìng) – Personality, individuality.
* 本性 (běnxìng) – Innate nature, inherent quality.
* 性格
* 性质 - xìng zhì - nature; characteristic; CL:个
Quality or Property
* 性能 (xìngnéng) – Performance or function (e.g., of a machine or device).
Gender or Sex
* 性别 (xìngbié) – Gender.
* 性教育 (xìng jiàoyù) – Sex education.
Sexuality or Desire
* 性格 (xìnggé) – Sexual characteristics.
* 性欲 (xìngyù) – Sexual desire.
Suffix for Adjectives and Abstract Concepts: turn adjectives or nouns into abstract concepts or to refer to a particular characteristic
* 可能性 (kěnéngxìng) – Possibility. (Probable_thing_ness)
* 有效性 (yǒuxiàoxìng) – Effectiveness (Effective - ness)
* 安全性 (ānquánxìng) – Safety (Safe - ty)
* 记性 - jì xing - memory; recall (Recall - ness)
级
jí - grade/rank/level (Traditional: 級)
- 超级 - chāo jí - transcending; high grade; super-; ultra-
- 初级 - chū jí - junior; primary
- 高级 - gāo jí - high level; high grade; advanced; high-ranking
- 超级市场
- 等级 - děng jí - degree; rate
- 级别 - jí bié - (military) rank; level; grade
- 上级 - shàng jí - higher authorities; superiors; CL:个
感
gǎn - meaning of “feel”, “emotion”, or “sense”. It is widely used to express physical sensations, emotions, or responses
It has some versions 憾撼, that are only useful for:
遗憾 - yí hàn - to regret; regret; pity; sorry
震撼 - zhèn hàn - to shake; to vibrate; to shock; to stun; shocking; stunning; fig. mind-blowing;
Then these are thw words you should now
Basic:
感冒
感动 (感動)
感情
感觉 (感覺)
感谢 (感謝)
HSK 5:
感激 - gǎn jī - to express thanks; grateful; moved to gratitude
感受 - gǎn shòu - to sense; perception; to feel (through the senses); a feeling; an impression; an experience
1 experience; feel:
- 强烈的感受 - Intensive experience
- 我爱你 同样也是我的内心选择了你。这是一种真是存在的感受
- 他感受到的更像怜悯，而不是爱。What he felt was more akin to pity than love.
- 她丝毫不顾及别人的感受。She shows a total disregard for other people’s feelings.
2 (受到; 接受） be affected by:
感想 - gǎn xiǎng - impressions; reflections; thoughts; CL:通[tong4] ,个
遗
yí - Something valuable is moving –> related to “loss,” “leaving behind,” or “passing on”. 遺 (Traditional version) conveys the idea of leaving behind, losing, or passing down something, whether it be physical objects, memories, or legacy. It is used in contexts involving inheritance, loss, historical remains, or even regret.
遗憾 -
遗忘 (遺忘) - Forget / become forgoten
遗产 - yí chǎn - heritage; legacy; inheritance; bequest; CL:笔[bi3]
遗传 - yí chuán - heredity; inheritance; to transmit
遗留 - yí liú - (leave or be a) legacy; left over; hand down (to next generation)
遗失 - yí shī - to lose; lost
践
践 - Traditional writing is 踐
实践 - shí jiàn - to practice; to put into practice; to fulfill
践踏 - jiàn tà - to trample
记
The character 记 (jì) primarily relates to the concepts of “remembering,” “recording,” or “noting down.”
记录 - jì lù - to take notes; keep the minutes; record; CL:个
记忆 - jì yì - memories; remember; memory; CL:个
记住 (jìzhù) – To remember, to memorize.
记性 - jì xing - memory; recall
记载 - jì zǎi - write down; record; written account
践
践 (jiàn) carries the core meaning of “to tread,” “to step on,”
践 emphasizes action and realization—whether it’s treading on something physically or putting ideas and plans into practice in a more abstract sense.
- 践踏 - jiàn tà - to trample
- 实践 - shí jiàn - (REALITY + TREAD, to step on reality) to practice; to put into practice; to fulfill
Noun: practice
* 我觉得需要实践和经验
* 实践是检验真理的唯一标准 - Practice is the sole criterion for testing truth.
* 实践经验：
– 这门课程也包括实践经验 - Practical experience is integral to the course.
– 实践经验是无法替代的。There is no substitute for practical experience.
* 实践考试：
– 会有笔试作为实践考试的补充。There will be a written examination to complement the practical test
Verb: put into practice; carry out
押
押金 - yā jīn - deposit; cash pledge
遇
yù (Does not change to the traditional version)
primarily means “to meet,” “to encounter,” or “to experience,” and can also refer to the way someone is treated or the chance circumstances of an event. It often carries the idea of something happening by chance or unexpectedly.
遇到 - to come across
待遇 - dài yù - treatment; pay; wages; status; salary
* 我还以为国外的待遇很好
* 福利待遇很好 - 福利待遇 include salary but extends outside it, it includes that overtime fee,
机遇 - jī yù - opportunity; favorable circumstance; stroke of luck
转
zhuan3
转 (轉)
- To change (direction, position, situation, or condition, etc)
Turn:
* 转朝太阳 - turn to the sun;
* 你要朝哪个方向转，必须发出信号。You must signal which way you are going to turn.
Turn into:
随着天色转亮，树的轮廓变得清晰了 - The outline of the trees sharpened as it grew lighter.
随着天色转亮，树的轮廓变得清晰了 - The outline of the trees sharpened as it grew lighter.
- Transfer - To pass items, letters, or opinions from one party to another:
* 转到另一学院 - transfer to another college;
* 你可以买到XX的车票，到了再转别的车。You can buy ticket to XX, then at there change other bus.
* 我无法把我在专科学校的所有学分都转过来。I couldn’t transfer all my credits from junior college. - Surname.
转发 (轉發)
转盘 (轉盤)
转给 (轉給)
转身 (轉身)
转载 (轉載)
转变 - zhuǎn biàn - to change; to transform; CL:个
转告 - zhuǎn gào - to pass on; to communicate; to transmit
扭转 - niǔ zhuǎn - to reverse; to turn around (an undesirable situation)
耽误
耽误
dān wu to delay; to hold-up; to waste time; to interfere with
赤
chì - Traditional are simplified are the same - primarily means “red.” It can also mean “bare” or “naked” in some contexts.
赤峰 - The airport city in Inner Mongolia
赤壁 - CIty in HeBei
赤道 - chì dào - equator (of the earth or astronomical body)
赤字 - chì zì - (financial) deficit; red letter
峰
fēng -
- There is not difference between simplified and traditional
- The character 峰 (fēng) means “peak” or “summit,” typically referring to the top or highest point of a mountain or, metaphorically, the highest or most critical point of something. Here are some of its key meanings and uses:
巅峰
赤峰
高峰 - gāo fēng - peak; summit; height
珠穆朗玛峰 (Zhūmùlǎngmǎ Fēng) – Mount Everest.
种
zhong3 (traditional character it 種)
[ zhòng ] Planting: grazing field. grazing wheat. grazing cotton. grazing cowpox.
[ chóng ] when it is a surname
息
xi1 - news/interest/breath/rest/Taiwan pr. [xi2]
(It does not change from traditional Chinese)
自 (self) + 心 (heart)
消息 - News/Information
信息 - Information
休息 - Rest
利息 - lì xī - interest (on a loan); CL:笔[bi3]
出息 - chū xi - promise; prospects; future
川流不息 - chuān liú bù xī - the stream flows without stopping (idiom); unending flow
作息 - zuò xī - work and rest
促
cu4 - urgent/hurried/to urge/to promote/to urge haste/close/intimate
促销 (促銷) - to promote sales
促进 - cù jìn - to promote (an idea or cause); to advance; boost
促使 - cù shǐ - to induce; to promote; to urge; to impel; to bring about; to provoke; to drive (sb to do sth); to catalyze; to actuate; to contribute to (some development)
仓促 - cāng cù - all of a sudden; hurriedly
备
bei4 - to prepare/get ready/to provide or equip
The traditional character is 備.
具备 - jù bèi - to possess; to have; equipped with; able to fulfill (conditions or requirements)
设备 - shè bèi - equipment; facilities; installations; CL:个
责备 - zé bèi - to blame; to criticize
殊
shū - Does not change from traditional
殊 typically means “different,” “distinct,” or “unusual.” It can indicate a difference or a significant contrast between things.
殊途同归 (shū tú tóng guī) – “Different paths lead to the same goal” (emphasizing that even different methods can reach the same outcome).
殊 is often used in phrases to convey an exceptional or remarkable quality, emphasizing a significant distinction or difference.
特殊
悬殊 (懸殊)
殊 can be used alone
循
遵循 - zūn xún - to follow; to abide by; to comply with; compliance
循环 - xún huán - to cycle; to circulate; circle; loop
循序渐进 - xún xù jiàn jìn - in sequence, step by step (idiom); to make steady progress incrementally
改
gai3 - Does not change from traditional
Intentionality: “改” often implies an intentional act to improve or correct, whereas “变” can denote a change that occurs naturally or without deliberate intervention.
Scope: “改” typically involves specific aspects being altered, while “变” suggests a broader or more fundamental transformation
变 is more transform
改 is more alter
善
善良 - shàn liáng - good and honest; kind-hearted
善于 - shàn yú - be good at; be adept in
完善 - wán shàn - to perfect; to make perfect; to improve
采
cǎi (採)
采 (採) - You can use it individually
采访 - cǎi fǎng - to interview; to gather news; to hunt for and collect; to cover
采取 - cǎi qǔ - to adopt or carry out (measures, policies, course of action); to take
采用 (採用)
采购 (採購)
风采 (風采)
折
zhé - It does not change from traditional
It can be used alone
折 - zhé - to break; to snap; to suffer the loss of; to turn; to bend; to admire; to amount to; to discoun; to fold; turning stroke (in Chinese character); booklet
折磨 - zhé mó - to persecute; to torment
挫折 - cuò zhé - setback; reverse; check; defeat; frustration; disappointment; to frustrate; to discourage; to set sb back; to blunt; to subdue
* 遇到挫折如何保持动力？
打折 - dǎ zhé - to give a discount
曲折 - qū zhé - complicated; winding
志
zhì
标志 - biāo zhì - sign; mark; symbol; symbolize; to indicate; to mark
志愿者 - zhì yuàn zhě - volunteer
志气 - zhì qì - ambition; resolve; backbone; drive; spirit
意志力 - willpower
卓
zhuó (Does not change from traditional)
Zhuo2 - surname Zhuo
zhuo2 - outstanding
1 丨(竖)
2 一 (横)
3 早
卓越 - zhuó yuè - distinction; excellence; outstanding; surpassing; distinguished; splendid
卓著 - outstandind/eminent/brilliant
董卓 - It is a Militar/General
雅卓 - yazio
掉罩绰悼淖踔焯倬棹
掉
掉 - diào - to fall; to drop; to lag behind; to lose; to go missing; to reduce; fall (in prices); to lose (value, weight etc); to wag; to swing; to turn; to change; to exchange; to swap; to show off; to shed (hair
罩
笼罩 - lǒng zhào - to envelop; to shroud
悼
追悼 - zhuī dào - mourning; memorial (service etc)
恶
惡 -
- e4 - evil/fierce/vicious/ugly/coarse/to harm
- wu4 - to hate/to loathe/ashamed/to fear/to slander
噁 - e3
恶心 - ě xin - nausea; to feel sick; disgust; nauseating
恶劣 - è liè - vile; nasty; of very poor quality
丑恶 - chǒu è - ugly; repulsive
恶化 - è huà - worsen
凶恶 - xiōng è - fierce; ferocious; fiendish; frightening
可恶 - kě wù - repulsive; vile; hateful; abominable
厌恶 - yàn wù - to loath; to hate; disgusted with sth
较
jiào (較)
originally refers to the horizontal beams on both sides of the carriage. Passengers above the rank of scholar official are adorned with curved copper hooks
jiao4 - comparatively/(preposition comparing difference in degree)/to contrast/to compare/rather/fairly/clearly (different)/markedly/to haggle over/to quibble
- 较 - It can also be used alone
比较 - 计较 - jì jiào - to haggle; to bicker; to argue
- 较量 - jiào liàng - to have a contest with sb; to cross swords; to measure up against; to compete with; to haggle; to quibble
倾
qīng - 傾 - 亻 (human), 匕 (spoon), 页 (leaf)
倾城 (傾城)
倾 (傾) can be used alone
倾听 - qīng tīng - to listen attentively
倾向 - qīng xiàng trend; tendency; orientation
倾斜 - qīng xié - to incline; to lean; to slant; to slope; to tilt
恃
shi4 - to rely on/mother (formal)
It does not change from traditional
- It can be used alone
- 成语: 有恃无恐 (有恃無恐)
壳
贝壳 - bèi ké - shell; conch; cowry; mother of pearl; hard outer skin; alternative reading bei4 qiao4, mostly written
急
jí - It does not change from traditional chinese
- 急忙 - jí máng - hastily
- 急诊 - jí zhěn - emergency call; emergency (medical) treatment;
- 紧急 - jǐn jí - urgent; emergency
- 着急 (著急) - Zhao ji - to worry about
- 当务之急 - dāng wù zhī jí - top priority job; matter of vital importance
展
zhan3 - it remains from traditional Chinese
展开 - zhǎn kāi - to unfold; to carry out; to be in full swing; to launch
It is like how the story/the plot/ etc unfolds
- 观众注视着剧情逐渐地展开 - The audience watched as the story unfolded before their eyes.
- 这爱情故事以内战为背景展开 - The love story unfolds against a background of civil war.
- 这个电视剧展开的有点奇怪
展览 - zhǎn lǎn - to put on display; to exhibit; exhibition; show; CL:个,次[ci4]
这个展览有他迄今为止一些最好的作品 - The exhibition contains some of his best work to date
当然，展览上还有很多其他有趣的展品 - Of course there were lots of other interesting things at the exhibition
发展 - fā zhǎn - development; growth; to develop; to grow; to expand
展现 (展現)
展示
悠
yōu does not change from traditional
you1 - long or drawn out/remote in time or space/leisurely/to swing/pensive/worried
悠久 - yōu jiǔ - established; long (about culture, tradtition, history)
忽悠 -[hū you] It is a high frequency word
- 瑞星，我们忽悠您的数字世界 - Rising, we are f uc king your digital world.
bbs.pcbeta.com - 要保持清醒头脑，不能被轻易忽悠 - To keep a clear mind, can not be easily fooled.
blog.sina.com.cn - “专家们”也会提供专业的意见专门忽悠大众。”Experts” will offer opinions to fool the people again.
blog.sina.com.cn - 忽悠我！我不会上当 You jerk me around! I am not fooled
- 我差点被忽悠
万
以防万一
坚
坚决 - jiān jué - firm; resolute; determined
坚强 - jiān qiáng - staunch; strong
贷
You did it but now it is lost, hope you remember it has to do with loans
款
You did it but now it is lost
害
害 (hài) - Does not change from traditional
Generally means “harm,” “damage,” or “injury.” It often refers to something that causes harm, misfortune, or an adverse effect. Here are some common uses:
Harm or Damage:
* 伤害 (shānghài) – to harm or injure.
* 危害 (wēihài) – to endanger or pose a risk to safety.
* 迫害 - pò hài - to persecute; persecution
Misfortune or Trouble:
* 害怕 (hàipà) – to be afraid, often implying a fear of harm or danger.
* 害虫 (hàichóng) – pest (literally, “harmful insect”).
* 利害 - lì hài - pros and cons; advantages and disadvantages; gains and losses
Self-Harm or Worry:
* 害羞 (hàixiū) – to be shy or embarrassed (literally, “harmed by shame”).
* 害处 (hàichu) – drawback or disadvantage.
In general, 害 conveys a sense of negative impact or danger, and it’s often associated with situations or things that cause harm or pose a risk.
神
神 - Does not change from traditional chinese
The character 神 (shén) typically means “god,” “spirit,” or “divine.” It’s commonly used to refer to deities, supernatural beings, or anything related to spiritual or mystical aspects
- 神话 - shén huà - fairy tale; mythology; myth
- 神秘 - shén mì - mysterious; mystery
- 精神 - jīng shén - spirit; mind; consciousness; thought; mental; psychological; essence; gist; CL:个
- 神经 - shén jīng - nerve
- 神奇 - shén qí - magical; mystical; miraculous
- 神气 - shén qì - expression; manner; spirited; vigorous
- 神圣 - shén shèng - divine; hallow; holy; sacred
- 神态 - shén tài - appearance; manner; bearing; deportment; look; expression; mien
- 神仙 - shén xiān - Daoist immortal; supernatural entity; (in modern fiction) fairy, elf, leprechaun etc; fig. lighthearted person; used in advertising: Live like an immortal! 活神仙似
薄
bao2
comes from 溥 (溥仪 is the last emperor of china)
which comes from 尃
which comes from 甫 (barely just/just now)
粗
cū
(Apparently not comon alone) 粗 - Can be used alone and seems to mean think/broad
* 他矮壮结实，脖子很粗 - He was short and stocky, and had a thick neck.
Coarse or Rough Texture:
* 粗糙 (cūcāo) – rough or coarse, often referring to a rough surface or unrefined work.
* 粗布 (cūbù) – coarse cloth or fabric.
Crude or Unrefined:
* 粗鲁 (cūlǔ) – rude or crude, often referring to behavior or manners.
* 粗略 (cūlüè) – approximate or rough, used when describing an estimate or a general approach.
Broad or Thick:
* 粗大 (cūdà) – thick or large, often describing objects with a broad or bulky appearance.
粗糙 - cū cāo - crude; gruff; rough; coarse;
粗鲁 - cū lǔ - crude; coarse; rough
扶
扶 - fú - to support with hand; to help sb up; to help
(Does not change from traditional chinese)
The character 扶 (fú) is a Chinese character that generally means to support, to assist, or to help. It can have various meanings depending on the context, but its core idea revolves around aiding, lifting, or supporting something or someone.
Physically: Apoyarse (Interesting how to say this in English - rely?)
* 在地铁, 我没有扶的地方
* 你抱婴儿时要把头扶好 - Support the baby’s head when you hold it.
* 他扶住椅子后背，以免摔倒 - He held onto the back of the chair to stop himself from falling.
To support or assist: Apoyars en alguien, ser apoyado por
* 我需你扶我上这个陡坡 - I shall need you to hand me up on this difficult slope.
* 同甘共苦，患难相扶 - Share joys and sorrows with your comrades, and support one another in adversity.
袖子
xiu4 (Does not change from traditional) It means sleeve
袖(子) - 这个袖子太短了
衣袖
领袖 (領袖) - leader
绕
rào -
To wind; to coil (thread); to rotate around; to spiral; to move around; to go round (an obstacle); to by-pass; to make a detour; to confuse; to perplex
1.（缠绕） wind; coil:
把线绕在线轴上 - wind thread on to a reel [spool];
我把绳子解开并绕成一个球 - I unravelled the string and wound it into a ball.
- 围着转动） move round; circle; revolve:
地球绕着太阳转 - The earth moves [revolves] round the sun.
- （迂回过去） make a detour; bypass; go round:
绕过暗礁 - bypass hidden reefs; steer clear of submerged rocks;
道路施工， 车辆绕行 - Detour. Road under repair.
绕
围绕 - wéi rào - to revolve around; to center on (an issue)
1 round; around:
* 地球围绕太阳转 - The earth revolves round the sun.
- 以…为中心： centre on; revolve round; move round:
* 围绕中心任务安排其他工作 - arrange other work around the central task; - be about / be built around: 故事/etc 围绕 + 着
* 故事围绕着一群辍学的中学生展开。
The story is built around a group of high school dropouts.
* 这房子是围绕着中央的庭院而建的。
The house is built around a central courtyard - 围绕 + STH + 的 + 故事、八卦
围绕王室成员的飞短流长是小报的主要内容。
Royal gossip is a staple of the tabloid press.
故事 + 是 + 围绕
展览是围绕工作与休闲的主题来布置的。
The exhibition is structured around the themes of work and leisure
—-
- embrace; encompassment; enclose
*
破
破 (pò) Does not change from traditional
has several meanings, depending on the context in which it is used. At its core, it conveys the idea of breaking or destruction
环
huán - 環 as the traditional version
It is often associated with the idea of a ring, circle, or something that is encircling or surrounding.
- 戒指环 - Ring
- 金环 -
- 环境
- 环形
- 环球 (huánqiú): Global or around the world.
- 耳环 (ěrhuán): Earring.
席
xí (Does not change from traiditional chinese)
广 + 廿 + 巾
Historically, 席 referred to woven mats used for sitting or lying down, particularly in ancient China. It generally relates to seating, positions, or events:
* Literal: Seat, mat, or physical place.
* Figurative: Position, occasion, or event-related context (like banquets or meetings).
Its meanings generally revolve around seating, presence, or arrangements in physical and metaphorical forms.
出席 - chū xí - to attend; to participate; present (Formal event, meeting or gathering: 出席 is often used in situations where attendance is recorded or emphasized. It is typically more formal than casual terms for showing up, like 去 (qù, “go”) or 到 (dào, “arrive”))
凉席
主席 - zhǔ xí - chairperson; premier; chairman; CL:个,位[wei4]
CL:席[xi2]
- for 宴会 - yàn huì - banquet; feast; dinner party; CL:席[xi2] ,个
It still has two derived characters - 褯蓆
袋
dai4 - a pouch/bag/sack/pocket
(Does not change from traditional)
亻 (human), 弋 (arrow), 衣 (clothes)
某
甘 (sweet) + 木 (tree)
mou3
谋媒煤謀禖
表
表达 - biǎo dá - to voice (an opinion); to express; to convey
表面 - biǎo miàn - surface; face; outside; appearance
表明 - biǎo míng - to make clear; to make known; to state clearly; to indicate; known
表情 - biǎo qíng - (facial) expression; to express one’s feelings; expression
表现 - biǎo xiàn - to show; to show off; to display; to manifest; expression; manifestation; show; display; performance (at work etc)
振
zhen4 - to shake/to flap/to vibrate/to resonate/to rise up with spirit/to rouse oneself
振动 - zhèn dòng - vibration
- 振作
- 振奋 (振奮)
震
zhen4 - to shake/to vibrate/to jolt/to quake/excited/shocked/one of the Eight Trigrams 八卦[ba1 gua4], symbolizing thunder/☳
Notice it is pronounced the same as 振. 振 is more general and can refer to lighter or figurative shaking (like vibration), while 震 usually refers to a stronger, more intense shaking or impact, particularly related to earthquakes.
审
shen3 - 審 is the traditional version
to examine/to investigate/carefully/to try (in court)
审美 (審美)
审判 - shěn pàn - a trial; to try sb
审查 - shěn chá - to examine; to investigate; to censor out; censorshi
审核 - examine and verify
演
yan3 - does not change from traditional
To develop/to evolve/to practice/to perform/to play/to act
表演 - biǎo yǎn - play; show; performance; exhibition; to perform; to act; to demonstrate; CL:场[chang3]
导演 - dǎo yǎn - direct; director (film etc)
演讲 - yǎn jiǎng - lecture; to make a speech
演出 - yǎn chū - to act (in a play); to perform; to put on (a performance); performance; concert; show; CL:
场[chang2] ,次[ci4]
演员 - yǎn yuán - actor or actress; performer; CL:个,位[wei4] ,名[ming2]
录
lù - 錄
To record or write down：
- 纪录 - jì lù - record (sports, written account); note
- 记录 - jì lù - to take notes; keep the minutes; record; CL:个
- 录取 - lù qǔ - to recruit; to enroll
- 录音 - lù yīn - to record (sound); sound-recording; CL:个
- 目录 - mù lù - catalog; table of contents; directory (on computer hard drive); list; contents
任
Rèn - does not change from traditional
rèn (But also it can be pronounced rén for surnames)
originally means “to entrust” or “to assign a task” in classical Chinese. It comes from the idea of giving someone responsibility. Over time, it expanded to mean “duty,” “responsibility,” or “a person in charge” in modern contexts.
责任 - zé rèn - responsibility; blame; duty; CL:个
任务 - rèn wu - mission; assignment; task; duty; role; CL:项[xiang4] ,个
担任 - dān rèn - to hold a governmental office or post; to assume office of; to take charge of; to serve as
任何 - rèn hé - any; whatever; whichever; whatsoever
信任 - xìn rèn - to trust; to have confidence in
* 相信 (xiāng xìn) focuses more on belief or confidence in something, like believing in a fact or idea.
* 信任 (xìn rèn) emphasizes trust in a person or entity, often involving deeper reliance or confidence in their actions or character.
主任 - zhǔ rèn - director; head; CL:個|个[ge4];
班
班 - ban1 - does not change from traditional
originally referred to a “class” or “group” of people in ancient China, particularly used in the context of a group of workers or a team with a specific task.
It comes from the idea of organizing people into groups based on roles or functions. Over time, its meaning expanded to include “shift” (as in work shifts), “class” (in a school or organizational context), and even “rank” in some cases.
预
yù - to prepare,” “to anticipate,” or “in advance,” often indicating planning or foreseeing.
预报 - yù bào - forecast
预订 - yù dìng - to place an order; to book ahead
预防 - yù fáng - to prevent; to take precautions against; to protect; to guard against; precautionary; prophylactic
升
shēng - to raise; to hoist; to promote; metric liter (also written 公升); measure for dry grain equal to one-tenth (斗 dǒu)
晋升 - jìn shēng - to promote to a higher position
积
積 jī
means “to accumulate,” “to gather,” or “to amass.” It is often associated with the gradual collection of physical items, knowledge, or experience.
“禾” (grain), symbolizing agriculture and accumulation in farming contexts. 積分) 责,” providing the pronunciation clue.
面积 - miàn jī - surface area
体积 - tǐ jī - volume; bulk; CL:个
积累 - accumulate
场
chǎng - “field,” “place,” or “scene,” often denoting a location for activities. Originates from pictograms of open areas or workspaces in ancient Chinese.
—- 場 is the traditional version
操场 - cāo chǎng - playground; sports field; drill ground; CL:个
广场 - guǎng chǎng - a public square (e.g. Tiananmen Square); plaza; CL:个
市场 - shì chǎng - market place; market (also in abstract); abbr. for 超级市场 supermarket; CL:个
印
yìn - does not change from traditional
丿+𠄌(竖提) + 一 + 卩
“seal,” “stamp,” or “impression,” symbolizing marking or printing. Its origin traces to ancient Chinese pictographs depicting a hand holding a tool to stamp or press.
印度 - India
印刷 - yìn shuā - to print; printing
刷
shuā - Does not change from traditional
“brush,” “scrub,” or “swipe,” often related to cleaning or quick motion. Its origin combines 刀 (dāo), meaning “knife,” and 巾 (jīn), meaning “cloth,” reflecting the action of scraping or wiping.
俊
jùn (Does not change from traditional)
“handsome,” “talented,” or “outstanding,” often describing exceptional people. Its origin combines 亻 (person) and 夋 (swift/agile), symbolizing a person of remarkable ability or appearance.
英俊 - yīng jùn - handsome; brilliant; smart
派
pai4 - does not change from traditional
clique/school/group/faction/to dispatch/to send/to assign/to appoint/pi (Greek letter Ππ)/the circular ratio pi = 3.1415926/(loanword) pie
- 派 - pài - clique; school; group; faction; to dispatch; to send; to assign; to appoint; pi (Greek letter Ππ); the circular ratio pi = 3.1415926
- 派出所 - local police station
- 派对 (派對) - party
鼓
界
边界 - biān jiè - boundary; border
界限 - jiè xiàn - boundary; marginal
境界 - jìng jiè - boundary; state; realm
外界 - wài jiè - the outside world; external
象
xiang4 - Does not change from traditional. Can be used alone
elephant/CL:隻|只[zhi1]/shape/form/appearance/to imitate
印象
对象 (對象)
形象 - xíng xiàng - image; form; figure; visualization; vivid; CL:个
想象 - xiǎng xiàng - to imagine; to fancy; CL:个
气象 (氣象)
象
抽象 - chōu xiàng - abstract
大象 - dà xiàng - elephant; CL:只[zhi1]
现象 - xiàn xiàng - appearance; phenomenon; CL:个
象棋 - xiàng qí - Chinese chess; CL:副[fu4]
象征 - xiàng zhēng - emblem; symbol; token; badge; to symbolize; to signify; to stand for
像
xiang4 - to resemble/to be like/to look as if/such as/appearance/image/portrait/image under a mapping (math.)
脆
brittle/fragile/crisp/crunchy/clear and loud voice/neat
————-
脆弱 - cuì ruò - weak; frail
干脆 - gān cuì - straightforward; clear-cut; blunt (e.g. statement); you might as well; simply
于
1 一横
2 一横
3 亅 竖钩
—————-
Meaning of 在
—————-
等于 - děng yú - to equal; to be tantamount to
善于 - shàn yú - be good at; be adept in
属于 - shǔ yú - classified as; to belong to; to be part of
位于 - wèi yú - to be located at; to be situated at; to lie
在于 - zài yú - to be in; to lie in; to consist in; to depend on; to rest with;
至于 - zhì yú - as for; as to; to go so far as to
诊
zhěn3 診
Character deeply associated with the act of diagnosing or examining, especially within the medical field.
Its simplified form is widely used in contemporary Chinese, forming the basis of numerous compounds related to healthcare (such as 诊断, 就诊, and 诊所).
Whether describing the professional evaluation of a patient or the general concept of investigation, 诊 effectively conveys the idea of careful observation and analysis in both clinical and broader contexts.
急诊 (jí zhěn):
Explanation: Refers to emergency treatment or the emergency department.
Example: “他突然剧烈胸痛，被紧急送进急诊。” (“He suddenly experienced severe chest pain and was urgently taken to the emergency department.”)
诊断 (zhěn duàn):
Explanation: Means “diagnosis,” the process of identifying a disease.
Example: “经过一系列检查，医生诊断他患上了肺炎。” (“After a series of examinations, the doctor diagnosed him with pneumonia.”)
门诊 (mén zhěn):
Explanation: Refers to outpatient services or visits, where patients are not admitted to the hospital.
Example: “她每周一都有门诊预约看皮肤科医生。” (“She has an outpatient appointment with the dermatologist every Monday.”)
髦
mao2 - bang (hair)/fashionable/mane
寓
yu4 - to reside/to imply/to contain/residence
Does not change from traditional
公寓 -
寓意
寓言 - yù yán - fable; CL:则[ze2]
公
gong1
公 = “not private” → public, shared by all
Originally, 公 meant:
fair, public, noble, ruler (like “duke”)
In ancient China:
Leaders and nobles were usually male
The character 公 was used to refer to noblemen (like a duke)
Over time, that noble/ruler meaning evolved in some contexts to simply mean male — especially when categorizing animals.
底
宅
zhai2 - does not change from traditional
宀 + 乇 (丿:撇 + 一:横 +乚:竖弯钩 )
residence/(coll.) to stay in at home/to hang around at home
售
shòu - does not change from traditional
售货员 - shòu huò yuán - salesperson; CL:个
售价 (售價)
销售 (銷售)
出售 ->
源
same in both traditional and simplified Chinese
This character reflects the idea of “the source of water,” which later generalized to “source” or “origin.” (Literal: A spring or fountainhead; the point where water flows from)
資源 (zīyuán): Resources (literally “capital source”).
能源 (néngyuán): Energy source.
水源 (shuǐyuán): Water source.
起源 (qǐyuán): Origin, genesis.
來源 (láiyuán): Source, provenance.
幻
huàn - both traditional and simplified Chinese.
Literal: Illusion, fantasy, something not real or tangible.It often refers to something ephemeral or deceptive.
Metaphorically: It symbolizes dreams, illusions, or unrealizable expectations.
参
cān / shēn / cēn (depending on usage and context)
Traditional Form: 參
- Cān: To participate, join, or attend.
- Shēn: The name of a constellation (Orion), also used in traditional Chinese medicine (ginseng: 人参, rénshēn).
- Cēn: To reference something uneven or interspersed (less common).
Cān: Engaging in something or contributing effort, like participating in an event or decision.
参加 (cānjiā): To participate, join.
参考 (cānkǎo): To consult, reference.
参与
霉
méi - does not change from traditional
Literal: Mold, mildew, or fungus that forms in damp environments.
Metaphorically: Bad luck, misfortune, or undesirable outcomes. This usage stems from the unpleasant nature of mold and the conditions it represents (dampness, decay, and spoilage).
倒霉 (dǎoméi): To be unlucky, have bad luck.
霉菌 (méijūn): Mold spores or fungi.
发霉 (fāméi): To mold, to mildew.
标
biāo - 標 (traditional)
標 referred to a wooden marker or signpost. Over time, its meanings broadened to include abstract “marks” like standards or goals:
- Mark, symbol, or labe
- Target or goal
- Standard or criterion
目标
标点
卡
is the same in both Simplified and Traditional Chinese.
kǎ (3rd tone): This is the primary pronunciation.
qiǎ (3rd tone): A secondary pronunciation used in specific contexts.
Card / Checkpoint or pass / To block or get stuck
As “qiǎ” (3rd tone) - To wedge or jam: Refers to something being caught or stuck in place
上 + 下
Gong
———— First tone
工 - gōng - Work, labor, craft, or construction.
公 - gōng - Public, impartial, or official.
恭 - gōng - Respectful, reverent, courteous (attitude of humility and decorum)
功 - gōng - Achievement, merit, or success - Effort or skill leading to accomplishment
供 - gōng - To provide, supply, or offer.
攻 - gōng - To attack, assault, or strike.
——– 4th tone
共 - gòng - Literal: Together, common, shared, or total.
Extended: Refers to unity, cooperation, or a sense of collectivism. It can also signify the act of sharing or summing up.
It different to 公 (Relates to what belongs to society or the collective - opposite of private), while 共 (Refers to mutual sharing or something that is common to all)
——- 3rd tone ——-
巩 - gǒng - Literal: To strengthen, consolidate, or secure.
* 巩固 - gǒng gù - to consolidate; consolidation; to strengthen
ci
cí
慈: 慈善 - cí shàn - benevolent; charitable;
磁: 磁带 - cí dài - magnetic tape; CL:盘[pan2] ,盒[he2]
雌: 雌雄 - cí xióng - male and female
辞: 告辞 - gào cí - to take leave
词: 词汇 - cí huì - vocabulary; list of words (e.g. for language teaching purposes)
cǐ
此 - 彼此 - bǐ cǐ - each other; one another
cì
次: 层次 - céng cì - arrangement of ideas; administrative level; level; stage; phase
伺: 伺候 - cì hòu - to serve; to act as a valet
刺 - cì - thorn; splinter; to stab; to pierce; to prick
cī (慈, 磁, 雌, 辞, 词):
cī (慈, 磁, 雌, 辞, 词):
- 慈: Kind, compassionate (e.g., “慈爱” = loving-kindness).
- 磁: Magnet, magnetic (e.g., “磁铁” = magnet).
- 雌: Female (in animals/plants) (e.g., “雌性” = female).
- 辞: To resign, decline (e.g., “辞职” = to resign).
- 词: Word, phrase (e.g., “词语” = words).
cǐ (此):
- Meaning: This, here (e.g., “此地” = this place).
cì (次, 伺, 刺):
- 次: Order, next (e.g., “第一次” = first time).
- 伺: To attend to, observe (e.g., “伺候” = wait on).
- 刺: To prick, sting (e.g., “刺痛” = sting).
- 则 (zé) - Rule, standard, or criterion.
* 规则 - guī zé - regulation; rule; rules and regulations - 增 (zēng) - Increase or augment.
- 曾 (céng/zēng) - Once (céng) / surname (zēng).
- 责 (zé) - Responsibility or duty.
* 责备- zé bèi - to blame; to criticize
- 层 (céng) - Layer, level, or floor.
- 厕 (cè) - Toilet or restroom.
* 厕所 - 册 (cè) - Book or volume.
* 册 - cè - booklet; book; classifier for books
* 注册 - zhù cè - to register; to enroll - 测 (cè) - Measure or test.
* 测验 - cè yàn - test; to test; CL:次[ci4] ,个
* 估测模型
* 推测 - tuī cè - speculation; to conjecture; to surmise; to speculate
人才 - rén cái - a person’s talent; talented person; distinguished person; a talent (worth head-hunting); person’s looks; an attractive woman; used interchangeably with 人材; CL:个
财产 - cái chǎn - property; assets; estate; CL:笔[bi3]
躲藏 - duǒ cáng - to conceal oneself; to hide oneself; to take cover
教材 - jiào cái - teaching material; CL:本[ben3]
身材 - shēn cái - stature; build (height and weight); figure
总裁 - zǒng cái - chairman; director-general (of a company etc); CEO
色彩 - sè cǎi - tint; coloring; coloration; character
彩虹 - cǎi hóng - rainbow
踩 - cǎi - to step on; to tread; to stamp; to press a pedal; to pedal (a bike)
采访 - cǎi fǎng - to interview; to gather news; to hunt for and collect; to cover
采取 - cǎi qǔ - to adopt or carry out (measures, policies, course of action); to take
参考 - cān kǎo - reference; to consult; to refer; consultation
参与 - cān yù - to participate (in sth)
操场 - cāo chǎng - playground; sports field; drill ground; CL:个
操心 - cāo xīn - to worry about
惭愧 - cán kuì - ashamed; be ashamed
粗糙 - cū cāo - crude; gruff; rough; coarse;
蔬菜 - shū cài - vegetables; produce; CL:种[zhong3]
- 才 (cái) - Talent or just now.
- 财 (cái) - Wealth or property （It emphasizes the concept of wealth as an asset。金融: financial system/industry, banking
* 财务 - cái wù - financial affairs
* 财产 - cái chǎn - property; assets; estate; CL:笔[bi3] - 藏 (cáng/zàng) - Hide (cáng) / Tibet (zàng).
* 躲藏 - duǒ cáng - to conceal oneself; to hide oneself; to take cover - 材 (cái) - Material or timber.
* 教材 - jiào cái - teaching material; CL:本[ben3]
* 身材 - shēn cái - stature; build (height and weight); figure - 裁 (cái) - Judge or cut.
* 总裁 - zǒng cái - chairman; director-general (of a company etc); CEO
* 裁缝 - sastre - 惭 (cán) - Shame or remorse.
- 彩 (cǎi) - Color or brilliance.
- 踩 (cǎi) - Step on or trample.
- 采 (cǎi) - Gather or adopt.
- 参 (cān) - Participate or refer to.
- 操 (cāo) - Operate or exercise.
- 糙 (cāo) - Coarse or rough.
- 菜 (cài) - Vegetable or dish.
算
计算 - jì suàn - to count; to calculate; to compute; CL:个
总算 - zǒng suàn - at long last; finally; on the whole
议
(yì) - Discuss or propose. The traditional version is 議
会议 - huì yì - meeting; conference; CL:场[chang3] ,届[jie4]
议论 - yì lùn - to comment; to talk about; to discuss; discussion; CL:个
建议 - jiàn yì - to propose; to suggest; to recommend; proposal; suggestion; recommendation; CL:个,点[dian3]
义
yi4 - justice/righteousness/morality/meaning
Traditional version: 義
Origins: The character evolved from early Chinese writing to represent moral principles and obligations.
what is right, proper, or meaningful
义务 - yì wù - duty; obligation; commitment; volunteer duty; mandatory; voluntary; CL:项[xiang4]
意义 - yì yì - meaning; significance; CL:个
定义 - Meaning or significance meaning of 义 - In 定义 (dìngyì), the two characters work together to express establishing the meaning or defining something.
社会定义的 “独立女性” 的
显
顯 - xiǎn
- Clear / Evident: It signifies something that is obvious, visible, or prominent. For example, 显著 (xiǎnzhù) means “remarkable” or “notable.”
- Display / Show: It is used to indicate the act of showing or displaying something. For example, 显示 (xiǎnshì) means “to display” or “to show.”
- Prominent / Distinguished: It can also describe someone or something as being outstanding or eminent.
- Manifestation: In certain contexts, it refers to the manifestation of something, such as divine power or a visible result.
显示器 - monitor
显示 - xiǎn shì - to show; to demonstrate; to illustrate; to display; to demonstrate
显得 - xiǎn de - to seem; to look; to appear
显然 - xiǎn rán - evident; clear; obvious(ly)
除
Meaning of 除 (chú) - Extract - Does not change from traditional
- To Remove / Eliminate: It means to get rid of or eliminate something unwanted.
* Example: 除草 (chúcǎo): To weed.
* 清除 (qīngchú): To clear out or eliminate.
Except / Exclude: It is used to indicate exceptions.
* Example: 除了 (chúle): Except for, besides.
* To Divide (in Mathematics): It represents division in mathematics.
Example: 除以 (chúyǐ): Divided by.
* To Sweep / Clean: In classical contexts, it can mean to clean or tidy up.
Example: 除夕 (chúxī): New Year’s Eve, referring to “sweeping away the old.” 夕 is a monster
Government Office or Rank: In ancient Chinese, it referred to a specific administrative office.
除非 - chú fēi - only if (…, or otherwise,…); only when; only in the case that; unless
除夕 - chú xī - (New Year’s) Eve
删除 - shān chú - to delete; to cancel
热
rè - 熱 is the traditional form
meanings related to heat, warmth, or enthusiasm
现
现 (xiàn) is the simplified form of 現 and has meanings related to appearance, presence, and manifestation
律
Law / Regulation / Restrain
- 一律 - yí lv4 - uniformly; same; all; without exception
- 规律 - guī lv4 - rule (e.g. of science); law of behavior; regular pattern; rhythm; discipline
- 纪律 - jì lv4 - discipline
腰
yāo - waist
In anatomical terms:
Front: It includes the lower abdominal area.
Back: It primarily corresponds to the lower back or lumbar region of the spine.
So while 腰 is often associated with the lower back (a common area for pain or tension), it actually encompasses the entire waistline—both the front and back. This is why terms like 腰痛 (yāotòng) often specifically refer to lower back pain.
传
傳 (chuán / zhuàn)
chuan2 - to pass on/to spread/to transmit/to infect/to transfer/to circulate/to conduct (electricity)
zhuan4 - biography/historical narrative/commentaries/relay station
传染 - chuán rǎn - to infect; contagious
传播 - chuán bō - to propagate; to disseminate; to spread
传说 - chuán shuō - legend; folklore; tradition; it is said; they say that…
传统 - chuán tǒng - tradition; traditional; convention; conventional; CL:个
宣传 - xuān chuán - to disseminate; to give publicity to; propaganda; CL:个
染
染 as in traditional, (rǎn) has meanings related to dyeing, staining, or infecting
传染
感染
染
污染
披
Pinyin: pī
Traditional: 披
Original Meaning: “to spread out; to drape” — “展开；披挂”
Actual Meaning: “refers to putting on or draping over (such as clothing or a cloak), and can also mean to disclose or reveal information” — “表示穿戴、披挂，或公开透露信息”
Common Words:
披肩 – Explanation: “drape over the shoulders” — “披在肩上的装饰或衣物”
Example: 她披上了一条精致的披肩.
Example: She draped a delicate shawl over her shoulders.
披露 – Explanation: “to disclose or reveal” — “公开透露”
Example: 他在会议上披露了公司的新计划.
Example: He disclosed the company’s new plans at the meeting.
披风 – Explanation: “a cloak or cape” — “披在身上的外衣”
Example: 国王身披华丽的披风登场.
Example: The king appeared wearing a magnificent cape.
披挂 – Explanation: “to put on armor or adorn oneself” — “穿戴装备”
Example: 士兵们整装披挂，准备出征.
Example: The soldiers donned their armor, ready for battle.
Common meanings relate to covering, spreading, or opening.
披萨 (披薩) - pi1 sa4
料
liào
material, anticipation, and components. It is often used in contexts involving tangible items (like ingredients) or intangible outcomes (like expectations).
资料 (zīliào) – “Information” or “Data”
Definition: Refers to materials that are informational or document-based. It includes data, documents, records, or research materials.
材料 (cáiliào) – “Materials” or “Ingredients”
Definition: Refers to physical materials, ingredients, or resources used to produce something. It can also mean “application documents” in certain contexts.
资
Radical: 貝 (bèi), meaning “shell” (which was historically associated with money or valuables)
資 (zī) relates to resources, capital, wealth, or assets. This meaning stems from its radical 貝 (bèi), which historically represented shells used as currency, symbolizing wealth and value
Combined with its phonetic component 次 (cì), which suggests “supply” or “order,” 資 originally carried the idea of “providing resources” or “supporting” something
It kind of suppy of, abundance of, sufficience of
- 投资 - tóu zī - investment; to invest
- 资格 - zī gé - qualifications; seniority
- 资金 - zī jīn - funds; funding; capital
- 资料 - zī liào - material; resources; data; information; profile (Internet); CL:份[fen4] ,个
- 资源 - zī yuán - resources (natural, manpower etc)
嘉
嘉宾 - jiā bīn - esteemed guest; honored guest
嘉年华 (嘉年華) - jia nian hua - carnival
嘉兴 (嘉興)
嘉宾 (嘉賓)
燃烧
(rán shāo) - The literal meaning of 燃烧 is “to burn” or “to combust”. It describes the process where something is ignited and undergoes combustion, typically producing heat, light, and flames.
STH + 燃烧
木材燃烧得很快 (mùcái ránshāo de hěn kuài): “The wood burns very quickly.”
我划了根火柴点着了那封信，然后看着它燃烧。
I put a lighted match to the letter and watched it burn.
飞机突然猛烈燃烧起来 - The plane burst into flame.
STH + 燃烧 + STH ELSE
肌肉细胞需要很多能量，所以会燃烧大量卡路里。
Muscle cells need lots of fuel and therefore burn lots of calories
燃 - ran2 - to burn/to ignite/to light/fig. to spark off (hopes)/to start (debate)/to raise (hopes)
- 燃 燃放 燃烧 (燃燒) 点燃 (點燃)
烧 - shao1 - to burn/to cook/to stew/to bake/to roast/fever
Shao kao, fa shao,
* 燃烧 (燃燒)烧 (燒)烧烤 (燒烤)发烧 (發燒)
烤
kao3 - to roast/to bake/to broil
愿
愿望 - yuàn wàng - wish ; desire; CL:个
志愿者 - zhì yuàn zhě - volunteer
自愿 - zì yuàn - voluntary; of one’s own free will
陷
xiàn - does not change from traditional
陷 originally means to sink, fall, or trap. It suggests something moving downward or getting caught in a situation
陷 can extend to meanings like to fall into (a trap or difficult situation), to be entangled in something, or to be involved in a negative or complex circumstance. For example, 陷入困境 (xiànrù kùnjìng) means to fall into a predicament.
缺陷 - quē xiàn - a defect; a flaw
诬陷 - wū xiàn - to entrap; to frame; to plant false evidence against sb
陷害 - xiàn hài - to frame (up); to make false charges against
陷阱 - xiàn jǐng - pitfall; snare; trap;
陷入 - xiàn rù - to sink into; to get caught up in; to land in (a predicament)
陷入被动地位 - fall into a passive position;
陷入重围 - find oneself tightly encircled;
馆
館
The primary meaning of 館 (guǎn) is a building, hall, or establishment where specific activities take place. It is often associated with places where people gather for certain purposes, such as eating, lodging, learning, or other organized activities.
领事馆 - lǐng shì guǎn - consulate
博物馆 - bó wù guǎn - museum
局
jú - Does not change from traditional
- Bureau, office, or department: Refers to administrative or organized structures.
- Situation, circumstance, or game: Describes a specific condition, arrangement, or setting.
- A restricted area or space: A literal sense of enclosure or confinement.
局 (侷) - As a measure word, 局 is primarily used to count rounds, games, or matches in activities like chess, card games, or sports
局长 (局長)
结局 (結局)
饭局 (飯局)
骗局 (騙局)
检
jiǎn - 檢
The character 检 primarily means to inspect, check, or examine. It is often used to express actions involving reviewing, verifying, or searching for something.
安检 (安檢) (Ān jiǎn): Security check
检查 (檢查) (Jiǎn chá): Inspect, examine
检测 (檢測) (Jiǎn cè): Test, detect
检索 (檢索) (Jiǎn suǒ): Search, retrieve
检讨 (檢討) (Jiǎn tǎo): Self-reflect, review
检验 (檢驗) (Jiǎn yàn): Verify, test
体检 (體檢) (Tǐ jiǎn): Physical exam
Bureau as an Office or Agency
In this sense, a bureau refers to a government office, department, or agency that handles specific administrative tasks or services.
The Bureau of Statistics → La Oficina de Estadística
The FBI is the Federal Bureau of Investigation. → El FBI es la Oficina Federal de Investigación.
查
(chá) is to check, investigate, or examine. It is used for actions that involve looking into or verifying something.
检 - Focuses on systematic, detailed checking for accuracy or correctness / Often involves internal review or formal examination.
审 (shěn) is like judging or evaluating the quality of a finished report or deciding its validity.
查 - Focuses on searching for information or investigating something / Often involves external investigation or finding out facts.
查获 - chá huò - to investigate and capture (a criminal); to ferret out; to hunt down and arrest
审查 - shěn chá - to examine; to investigate; to censor out; censorship
调查 (diàochá): To investigate or survey.
仿
Meaning: Imitate, copy, resemble.
Common Usages:
仿佛 (fǎngfú): As if, seemingly
模仿 (mófǎng): To imitate, mimic
仿真 (fǎngzhēn): Simulate, imitation
程
Same as traditional - 程
The combination implies progress or a process (like the growth of crops), reflecting the structured or measured nature of the meanings of 程.
Core Meanings: Course, procedure, level, or program.
过程 - guò chéng - course of events; process; CL:个
工程师 - gōng chéng shī - engineer; CL:个,位[wei4] ,名[ming2]
课程 - kè chéng - course; class; CL:堂[tang2] ,節[jie2] ,门[men2]
日程 - rì chéng - schedule; itinerary; CL:个
程度 - chéng dù - degree (level or extent); level; CL:个
程序 - chéng xù - procedures; sequence; order; computer program
序
xù - Does not change from traditional
“A hall or place where things are arranged in order.”
Historically, 序 referred to a waiting hall or corridor, where guests or items were placed in an orderly manner, reflecting the concept of arrangement or sequence. This sense of orderliness underpins all meanings of 序.
Extended Meanings
1. Order or Sequence:
2. Introduction or Preface:
3. System or Discipline
4. Series or Sequence in Science and Logic:
- 顺序 - shùn xù - sequence; order
- 程序 - chéng xù - procedures; sequence; order; computer program
- 程序员
- 秩序 - zhì xù - order (orderly, sequence, social); the state (of society); CL:个
诉
訴 - sù - “To speak out, to express, or to tell.”
Statistics
Correlation analysis
There is evidence of correlation, however, there is no causation
那是他的错，你不要张冠李戴。
It’s his fault. You needn’t try to shift the blame.
汉英大词典
我们的当事人是张冠李戴的受害者。
Our client is a victim of mistaken identity.
provided by jukuu
这是一个张冠李戴的实例。
It was a case of mistaken identity.
异
異 - yì - does not change from traditional
Its structure suggests the idea of contrast or separation, as the traditional form 異 combines 田 (field) and 共 (together), symbolizing something uncommon or distinct from the norm
The literal meaning of 异 is “different” or “unusual”. It originally referred to something that stands out because it is not the same as what is ordinary or expected.
差异 (差異) (chāyì): Difference, disparity
异 (異) (yì): Different, unusual
异地 (異地) (yìdì): Different place
异常 (異常) (yìcháng): Abnormal, unusual
异性 (異性) (yìxìng): Opposite sex
诡异 (詭異) (guǐyì): Strange, eerie
况
Pinyin: kuàng
Traditional: 況
Original Meaning: “situation; condition” — “情况；状态”
Actual Meaning: “indicates circumstances or conditions, often used in compound words to describe a state or add emphasis” — “表示局势、状态，常用于复合词中描述情况或加强语气”
Common Words:
情况 – Explanation: “situation; state of affairs” — “局势，情况”
Example: 他详细说明了现场情况.
Example: He described the situation at the scene in detail.
状况 – Explanation: “condition; state” — “状态，情况”
Example: 她的健康状况令人担忧.
Example: Her health condition is worrisome.
何况 – Explanation: “let alone; moreover” — “更何况;况且”
Example: 他连作业都没做，何况复习考试.
Example: He didn’t do his homework, let alone review for the exam.
況且 – Explanation: “furthermore; besides” — “此外；况且”
Example: 你累了，況且天色已晚.
Example: You’re tired, and besides, it’s getting late.
析
Pinyin: xī
Traditional: 析
Original Meaning: “to break apart; to analyze” — “分解；拆分”
Actual Meaning: “refers to breaking down complex information into simpler parts for better understanding” — “指将复杂事物分解为简单部分以便理解”
Common Words:
分析 – Explanation: “to analyze; break into parts” — “将事物分解以求理解”
Example: 他仔细分析了问题的各个方面.
Example: He carefully analyzed all aspects of the problem.
解析 – Explanation: “to interpret; explain by breaking down” — “解析说明各部分”
Example: 老师解析了文章的结构.
Example: The teacher parsed the structure of the article.
剖析 – Explanation: “to dissect deeply; critically analyze” — “深入剖开分析”
Example: 他剖析了现象背后的原因.
Example: He dissected the reasons behind the phenomenon.
析构 – Explanation: “to deconstruct, especially in technical contexts” — “在技术上分解结构”
Example: 程序员在代码中使用析构函数.
Example: The programmer used a destructor function in the code.
充
The original meaning of 充 is to fill or to be full. It comes from the concept of completing or replenishing something, as in filling a space or completing a void.
- 补充 - bǔ chōng - to replenish; to supplement; to complement; additional; supplementary; CL:个
- 充电器 - chōng diàn qì - battery charger
- 充分 - chōng fèn - full; abundant
- 充满 - chōng mǎn - full of; brimming with; very full; permeated
领
Pinyin: lǐng
Traditional Form: 領
The original meaning of 领 is neck or collar. It originally referred to the part of the body connecting the head and the torso and later extended to include the collar of clothing, which surrounds the neck.
In modern usage, 领 has evolved to encompass broader meanings:
- To lead or to guide (e.g., 领导, meaning leadership or to lead).
- To receive or obtain (e.g., 领取, meaning to collect or receive something like documents or awards).
- Territory (e.g., 领土, meaning land or territory).
- 领导 - lǐng dǎo - to lead; leading; leadership; leader; CL:位[wei4] ,个
- 领域 - lǐng yù - domain; sphere; field; territory; area
- 系领带 - jì lǐng dài - tie one’s necktie
- 本领 - běn lǐng - skill; ability; capability; CL:项[xiang4] ,个
淡
dàn - insipid
器
乐器 - yuè qì - musical instrument; CL:件[jian4];
充电器 - chōng diàn qì - battery charger
机器 - jī qì - machine; CL:台[tai2] ,部[bu4] ,个
满
充满 - chōng mǎn - full of; brimming with; very full; permeated
满足 - mǎn zú - to satisfy; to meet (the needs of)
渣
zha1
招
zhāo - does not change from traditional
to summon or beckon someone. It conveys the act of calling out or signaling to bring someone or something closer. calling, inviting, or signaling a person or thing to come towards you
招待 - zhāo dài - serve as a host, to receive (guests); to entertain; reception
* Like to an event or something
* 他们招待五十多位代表吃了一餐美味佳肴。
They served a wonderful meal to more than fifty delegates.
* 她招待我们吃了一顿可口的午餐。
She served us a delicious lunch.
招呼 (zhāo hu) – greet, call, signal - 她礼貌地向他打招呼，但没有一丝爱意。
She greeted him civilly but with no sign of affection.
招聘 (zhāo pìn) – recruit, hire, employ
招财 (招財) (zhāo cái) – attract wealth, bring fortune
呼
hu1 - does not change from traditional
呼 originally means to call out or shout. It refers to using one’s voice to summon, call, or shout someone or something
呼 extends to broader meanings like breathe out or exhale, as in 呼吸 (hūxī), which means to breathe (lit. “to call air”).
It can also mean to announce or to declare something aloud. This can be seen in words like 呼声 (hūshēng), meaning shouting or outcry.
称呼 - chēng hu - to call; to address as; appellation
呼吸 - hū xī - to breathe
打招呼
乎
hu1 - (classical particle similar to 於|于[yu2]) in/at/from/because/than/(classical final particle similar to 嗎|吗[ma5], 吧[ba5], 呢[ne5], expressing question, doubt or astonishment)
似乎
在乎
几乎 (幾乎)
雾
wù - 霧 - refers to fog or mist, and it can be used both literally for weather and metaphorically for situations that are unclear or confusing.
Niebla
早晨有雾，开车要小心。
(Zǎochen yǒu wù, kāichē yào xiǎoxīn.)
“There is fog in the morning, drive carefully.”
娱
yú - refers to entertainment, pleasure, or activities that bring enjoyment and fun. It is commonly used in contexts relating to leisure activities, enjoyment, or amusement.
娱乐节目 (yúlè jiémù) – entertainment program
娱乐 (yúlè) = entertainment, referring to things or activities that provide enjoyment (e.g., movies, games, performances, etc.).
娱情 (yúqíng) = entertainment industry, the sector dedicated to leisure and amusement.
骤
驟 - zhou4 - refers to something that happens quickly, suddenly, or unexpectedly. It often describes an abrupt change or a rapid action.
骤 can extend to mean sudden changes in various contexts, such as a sudden increase, a sudden appearance, or rapid developments.
It can also refer to a violent or intense occurrence, like a sudden storm, a quick burst of action, or an abrupt transition.
骤雨 (zhòu yǔ) – sudden rain, heavy rain
骤然 (zhòu rán) – suddenly, abruptly
气候骤变 (qìhòu zhòu biàn) – sudden climate change
———————– HSK 5 key part
So, 步骤 means step, but as a plural it means steps, so steps can be understood as procedure, similar to 过程. However, a 过程 is not necessarily strucutured in steps while 步骤 is.
Some examples:
步骤:
密码修改步骤：
聚
Does not change from traditional
ju4 - to congregate/to assemble/to mass/to gather together/to amass/to polymerize
聚会 (聚會)
软
ruǎn - soft
忽
hū - Does not change from traditional chinese
忽 originally refers to something done suddenly, unexpectedly, or without attention. It conveys the idea of an abrupt change or an action that occurs quickly and often without forethought.
Extended Meaning:
忽 can also mean to neglect or disregard something, particularly when it is something important or requiring attention. It can suggest forgetfulness or carelessness.
蜜
mi4
蜂
feng1
养
養 (yǎng) primarily means to raise, to nurture, to support, or to cultivate
- To raise (animals, children, etc.): Refers to providing the necessary care, resources, and attention for growth.
* 养孩子 (yǎng háizi) – to raise children - To nurture: To foster development, growth, or improvement in general, such as developing skills or abilities.
* 培养兴趣 (péi yǎng xìngqù) – to cultivate an interest
培养 means to cultivate, to foster, or to train someone or something in a way that leads to development or improvement. It goes beyond simply providing for something; it involves the intentional act of developing skills, habits, or abilities over time.
- To support: In the context of providing for someone’s living, such as financially supporting family members.
* 养家 (yǎng jiā) – to support the family - To sustain or to maintain: Can also refer to maintaining or sustaining something over time.
养生 (yǎng shēng) – to maintain health, or to practice health preservation.
Specific derived words:
- 保养 (bǎoyǎng) – Maintenance, to preserve
- 修养 (xiūyǎng) – Cultivation, self-cultivation
- 培养 (péiyǎng) – Cultivate, to foster
- 收养 (shōuyǎng) – Adopt, to adopt (a child or pet)
- 营养 (yíngyǎng) – Nutrition, nourishment
- 养 (yǎng) – Raise, to nurture
- 养成 (yǎngchéng) – Develop, to cultivate (a habit or quality)
- 养父 (yǎngfù) – Adoptive father, foster father
- 养生 (yǎngshēng) – Health preservation, to maintain health
培
péi - does not change from traditional - involves nurturing, cultivating, or promoting the growth of something. It often refers to activities like planting or growing crops or fostering something’s development.
培训 - péi xùn - to cultivate; to train; to groom; training
Meaning: 培训 refers to formal training or instruction aimed at improving skills or knowledge in a particular area. It often implies structured, organized programs or courses.
Usage Context: 培训 is used when talking about training programs, professional development, or instructional courses—typically aimed at improving someone’s job skills or abilities in a particular field.
Examples:
* 职业培训 (zhíyè péixùn) — Vocational training (training for a specific career or profession).
* 员工培训 (yuángōng péixùn) — Employee training (usually for new skills or job-related tasks).
* 培训课程 (péixùn kèchéng) — Training courses (formal courses aimed at skill development).
培养 - péi yǎng - to educate; to nurture; to breed; to groom (for a position)
州
Zhōu1 - Does not change from traditional
Literal:
Initially meant “island” or “landmass surrounded by water.”
Figurative:
Denotes a “state,” “province,” or “region.”
Used to represent territorial divisions in historical and modern administrative contexts.
光州，福州, 杭州
洲 (zhōu):
Commonly used to indicate geographical entities, particularly continents and large landmasses surrounded by water.
Appears in terms like “美洲” (the Americas), “非洲” (Africa), “亚洲” (Asia), and “大洋洲” (Oceania).
板
ban3 -
If it means board/plank/plate/shutter/table then it the traditional version is still 板
闆 - 老闆|老板, boss
However I think 闆 is ignored anyway
Meaning: The original meaning of 板 refers to a flat, solid piece of material, usually wood, but also extended to other materials. It can be translated as board, plank, or slab.
Control or Command: The term 板 can sometimes imply control, order, or authority, especially in phrases related to overseeing activities or making decisions.
平板 (píng bǎn) — Flat board.
模板 (mó bǎn) — Template.
老板 (lǎo bǎn) — Boss.
看板 - dashboard
幸
xìng - does not change from traditional
Meaning: Happiness, good fortune, luck, blessings.
幸福 (xìng fú) – Happiness, bliss
不幸 (bù xìng) – Misfortune, unhappiness
幸好 (xìng hǎo) – Fortunately, luckily
幸运 (xìng yùn) / 幸運 (xìng yùn) – Lucky, fortunate, by chance
亏
Pinyin: kuī
Traditional Version: 虧
Meaning: To lose, to be at a deficit, to suffer a loss or damage.
吃亏 (chī kuī) – Suffer a loss, be at a disadvantage
幸亏 (xìng kuī) – Fortunately, luckily
亏 (kuī) / 虧 (kuī) – Loss, disadvantage
客
ke4 - does not change from traditional
客户 (kè hù) – Client, customer
客观 - kè guān - objective; impartial
客户端 (kè hù duān) – Client (in computing), client-side
微博客 (wēi bó kè) – Microblog, microblogging
客诉 (kè sù) – Customer complaint. It’s commonly used in customer service or business contexts to refer to situations where customers express dissatisfaction.
好客 - hào kè - hospitality; to treat guests well; to enjoy having guests; hospitable; friendly
These words are related to business and technology. 客户 refers to a person or entity that purchases services or products, 客户端 is used in computing to refer to a client-side application or system, and 微博客 is the term for microblogging, like what happens on platforms such as Twitter or Weibo.
机 and 器
机 - 機 - (jī) – Machine, opportunity
器 (qì) – Instrument, utensil, vessel
机 typically refers to machines, devices, or opportunities.
器 is more about tools, instruments, or objects used for specific tasks.
机器 - jī qì - machine; CL:台[tai2] ,部[bu4] ,个
机台 - 机台 (jī tái) – Machine platform, workstation. This term typically refers to a machine or equipment used in a production environment, such as in manufacturing or industrial settings, where 机 means “machine” and 台 refers to a platform or stand
手机 (shǒu jī) – Mobile phone
A mobile phone is a machine (机器), but it is not a platform or workstation (机台). It’s a device that performs functions, not something you place other machinery on.
电视机 (diàn shì jī) – Television
A television is also a machine (机器), but it is not a platform (机台). It’s a device that functions by itself, not a stand or workstation.
This is a table or platform (机台) where the CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machine is placed. It is not a machine by itself, but the place where the machine works.
更新zingbrain机台实验数据
* 机台 here doesn’t refer to a physical “machine” like a mobile phone or grinder but to the workstation or environment where the experimental data for zingbrain is being updated.
—– Others
司机 (sī jī) – Driver
手机 (shǒu jī) – Mobile phone, cell phone
机场 (jī chǎng) – Airport
机会 (jī huì) – Opportunity
机遇 (jī yù) – Opportunity, chance (often used in a more favorable or rare context)
飞机 (fēi jī) – Airplane
各
ge4 - each/every
各个项目区分测试账号方案
各
各位
各自
账
Pinyin: zhàng
Traditional Version: 帳
Original Meaning: Account, bill, or ledger; it refers to records of transactions, debts, or financial matters.
结账 - jié zhàng - to pay the bill; to settle accounts
账户 - zhàng hù - account (bank or online)
账号 (zhàng hào) refers to an “account,” specifically a user or test account in this sentence. Here, it is not about financial accounts but about user accounts used in testing scenarios.
细
xì - 細
Meaning: Fine, thin, delicate, detailed, or subtle.
明细 (míng xì)
Meaning: Detailed list, itemized breakdown.
Context: 明细 is often used in formal, practical, or financial contexts to refer to a detailed, itemized breakdown of something. It typically involves clear, structured information, such as an invoice, a breakdown of costs, or a list of items in a report.
Emphasis: 明细 emphasizes clarity and precision in the way details are presented, often in a tabular or listed format.
Example:
账单明细 (zhàng dān míng xì): Detailed bill (an itemized list of charges).
费用明细 (fèi yòng míng xì): Itemized expenses (a detailed breakdown of expenses).
细节 (xì jié)
Meaning: Details, finer points, intricacies.
Context: 细节 is used more broadly and refers to the finer points or smaller aspects of something, often in a narrative or descriptive sense. It can be used for both concrete and abstract details. It’s not restricted to formal or financial contexts and can refer to the small, subtle details of a situation, event, or concept.
Emphasis: 细节 emphasizes the small, subtle, or intricate aspects that may not always be immediately noticeable but are important for understanding the whole picture.
Example:
注意细节 (zhù yì xì jié): Pay attention to the details (e.g., in a project or design).
事件的细节 (shì jiàn de xì jié): The details of the event (referring to the specific, smaller aspects of an event).
额
é - Traditional Version: 額
Meaning: Forehead, amount, or sum.
小额 (xiǎo é): Small amount, small sum.
小额高送 refers to a small amount but high offering or small value with a high return/delivery. Like a promotion
跃
活跃 - huó yuè - active; vigorous
活跃用户
姥
姥姥
(lǎo lao)
mother’s mom
讽
fěng
平
píng
The character 平 originally depicted something flat, level, or even, akin to a smooth surface without bumps or slopes. Historically, it could also imply “to make even” or “to flatten.”
Extended Meanings Over Time:
Because “evenness” or “smoothness” can metaphorically extend to stability, peace, and tranquility, 平 also took on the sense of “calm,” “peace,” “without conflict.”
劝
劝 - quàn - to advise; to urge; to try to persuade; to exhort
恨
恨 - hèn - to hate; to regret
泛
fàn - does not change from traditional
泛 originally refers to the act of floating on water or something that spreads or overflows, like water overflowing from a container. It conveys a sense of movement or dispersion.
Used metaphorically to describe:
1. Generalization or broadness: Something that applies to a wide range or is not specific, such as in 泛泛 (fàn fàn), meaning “general” or “superficial.”
2. Reflection or sheen: A spreading light or glow, such as in 泛光 (fàn guāng), meaning “reflected light.”
3. Overflowing or spreading: Referring to emotions or concepts that expand or flow beyond boundaries, like 泛滥 (fàn làn), meaning “overflow” or “flood.”
广泛 - guǎng fàn - extensive; wide range
泛滥 (fàn làn) - overflow/flood
赞
zàn
称赞 - chēng zàn - to praise; to acclaim; to commend; to compliment
赞成 - zàn chéng - to approve; to endorse
赞美 - zàn měi - to admire; to applause; to praise; to eulogize
称
chēng
称 - chēng - to weigh; to state; to name; name; appellation; to praise
称呼 - chēng hu - to call; to address as; appellation
称赞 - chēng zàn - to praise; to acclaim; to commend; to compliment
量
liàng
尽量 - jìn liàng - as much as possible; to the greatest extent
力量 - lì liang - power; force; strength
重量 - zhòng liàng - weight; CL:个
甩
shuǎi
Original Meaning: To throw, fling, or swing something.
Literal Meaning: 甩 refers to the physical act of throwing or flinging something with force, or swinging an object or part of the body, such as an arm. It conveys a sense of motion or energy, often associated with intentionality or dismissiveness.
- 甩手榴弹 - throw hand grenades;
- 甩胳膊 - swing one’s arms - As you can see it might mean balancear
- 鳄鱼的尾巴在急速地左右甩动 - The crocodile’s tail was lashing furiously from side to side.
- 汽车撞墙时，她被甩出车外 - She was catapulted out of the car as it hit the wall.
Metaphorical Meaning:
* To leave behind: Overcoming or distancing oneself from something or someone, such as 甩掉 (shuǎi diào), meaning “to get rid of” or “to ditch.”
* To ignore: Neglecting or dismissing someone, implying detachment or indifference.
- 别甩下我就走 - Don’t go without me.
* To break free: Escaping a situation or freeing oneself from constraints.
* To outperform: Exceeding or surpassing others, as in leaving them “in the dust.”
他已把女朋友给甩了，你听说了吗？- Did you hear he’s dumped his girlfriend?
他把女朋友给甩了 - He ditched his girlfriend
陌
陌生 - mò shēng - strange; unfamiliar
撕
sī - (Does not change from traditional) refers to the physical act of tearing or ripping something apart, such as paper, fabric, or other materials. It describes an action where an object is forcibly separated into parts.
Conflict or separation: It can symbolize breaking relationships, disputes, or emotional rifts. For instance, 撕裂 (sī liè) means “to tear apart” and can refer to literal or figurative division, like tearing apart emotions or society.
Intense disagreement: Used in contexts of heated arguments or confrontations, such as 撕破脸 (sī pò liǎn), meaning “to have a falling-out” or “to break all pretense of cordiality.”
撕纸 (sī zhǐ): To tear paper.
Example: 他把信撕掉了。
(Tā bǎ xìn sī diào le.)
“He tore up the letter.”
撕裂 (sī liè): To tear apart; to cause division.
Example: 这个消息让她感到内心撕裂。
(Zhè gè xiāo xī ràng tā gǎn dào nèi xīn sī liè.)
“This news made her feel torn apart inside.”
撕破脸 (sī pò liǎn): To have a falling-out; to break all cordiality.
Example: 他们最终撕破脸了，不再合作。
(Tā men zuì zhōng sī pò liǎn le, bú zài hé zuò.)
“They eventually had a falling-out and stopped working together.”
章
zhāng - does not change from traditional
章 can refer to a chapter or section in a document, book, or legal code. It can also refer to an official seal or mark in historical or legal contexts.
勋章 (勛章) - medal decoration
文章 - article
章鱼 (章魚) - octopus
辩
biàn: 辯
Meaning: To debate, argue, or discuss. It involves expressing differing viewpoints or reasoning in favor of a perspective.
辩 metaphorically represents the idea of justification, defense, or clarification in the face of misunderstanding or opposition. It embodies intellectual sharpness and the skill of persuasion.
It can also imply an effort to seek truth or resolve disputes through dialogue and reasoning, emphasizing clarity and precision in communication.
答辩 (dá biàn): Defense, to defend (in a report or formal discussion).
Refers to presenting and justifying one’s work, ideas, or qualifications, often in a structured setting like a thesis defense or promotion evaluation.
So, if you have an idea you can present on some slides like this.
斯
Same as traditional:
Si1 - Slovakia/Slovak/abbr. for 斯洛伐克[Si1 luo4 fa2 ke4]
si1 - (phonetic)/this
Meaning: This, here, or a place; also used in transliteration for foreign names.
搜
sou1
安
an1 - does not change from traditional
Literally signifies a peaceful home or a safe shelter.
Represents a state of peace or safety, where there is no danger or disturbance. It also conveys a sense of being settled or stable.
安慰 - ān wèi - to comfort; to console; CL:个
安装 - ān zhuāng - to install; to erect; to fix; to mount; installation
安宁 - ān níng - peaceful; tranquil; calm; composed
安详 - ān xiáng - serene
安置 - ān zhì - find a place for; help settle down; arrange for; to get into bed; placement
治安 - zhì ān - law and order; public security
岸
àn - shore; bank; beach; coast; CL:個|个[ge4]
握
wò - traditional 握 - physical act of holding or gripping something firmly, often with the hand. It suggests a firm and intentional action, such as grasping an object or shaking hands.
握手 - wò shǒu - to shake hands
掌握 - zhǎng wò - to grasp (often fig.); to control; to master; to know well; to understand sth well and know how to use it; fluency; to seize (initiative, opportunity, destiny)
把握 - bǎ wò - to grasp (also fig.); to seize; to hold; assurance; certainty; sure (of the outcome)
* 我有80%把握
* 有许多事情我没把握 - There were a lot of things I was unsure about.
* 我们可以有把握地说，他会接受这份工作 - We can safely say that he will accept the job.
* 我有相当把握能干这项工作 - I’m fairly certain I can do the job.
* “你有把握吗?” 他问她 - ‘Are you sure?’ he asked her.
归
歸 - guī -
归 refers to the act of returning to a place, person, or state, as well as indicating ownership, attribution, or affiliation.
The character often implies movement toward a final or rightful destination or a sense of restoring order.
Belonging or Attribution: Something is attributed or assigned to its rightful place or owner, as in 归属 (guī shǔ), meaning “to belong to” or “be attributed to.”
Resolution or Conclusion: Indicates settling or resolving something, such as in 归结 (guī jié), meaning “to summarize” or “to conclude.”
Return to Origin: Symbolizing a return to one’s roots, original state, or the end of a journey.
归纳 - guī nà - to sum up; to summarize; to conclude from facts; induction (method of deduction in logic)
归根到底 - guī gēn dào dǐ (saying) to sum it up…
归还 - guī huán - to return sth; to revert
摆
擺 - bǎi - to arrange; to exhibit; to move to and from; a pendulum
摆脱 - bǎi tuo1
* Definition: Get rid of, break free from
* Explanation: Refers to freeing oneself from a situation, burden, or control, often used in figurative contexts to express liberation.
他努力摆脱困境 - “He worked hard to get out of the difficult situation.”
摆脱无聊 - Escapa del aburrimiento
摇摆 (搖擺) (yáo bǎi)
Definition: Swing, sway
Explanation: Refers to the act of moving back and forth or side to side, often used to describe physical motion or indecisiveness in figurative contexts.
树枝在风中摇摆 - “The branches are swaying in the wind.”
摆烂 - (Slang - bai3 lan4) - Stop striving
* 我在家持续摆烂躺平
纳
納 - na4
纳 originally referred to the act of receiving or accepting something into a container or system. It can also mean paying or submitting, especially in formal or administrative contexts.
纳 metaphorically represents:
* Acceptance or Inclusion: To embrace, incorporate, or accommodate new ideas, people, or resources.
* Submission or Compliance: To fulfill obligations or submit formally, such as paying taxes.
* Offering: To provide or contribute something to a higher authority or purpose.
* Reflection or Introspection: To metaphorically “take in” and process information or experiences.
归纳 - guī nà - to sum up; to summarize; to conclude from facts; induction (method of deduction in logic)
采纳 - cǎi nà - to accept; to adopt (ideas)
缴纳 - jiǎo nà - to pay (taxes etc)
纳闷儿 - nà mèn r - puzzled; bewildered
容纳 - róng nà - to hold; to contain; to accommodate; to tolerate (different opinions)
津
津津有味 - jīn jīn yǒu wèi - with keen interest pleasure (idiom); with gusto; to relish; eagerly; with great interest
jin1 - does not change from traditional
津 originally referred to a ferry crossing, a place where water is crossed. It also has meanings related to moisture or saliva, indicating wetness or nourishment.
津 metaphorically represents:
Transport or Transition: From its original meaning of a ferry crossing, it can signify a passage, transition, or movement between places or states.
Moisture or Nourishment: Indicates something that provides sustenance or vitality, such as saliva or other forms of moisture that nourish the body.
Interest or Engagement: In certain idiomatic expressions, it conveys enthusiasm or fascination.
牛津大学
津津有味 - jīn jīn yǒu wèi - with keen interest pleasure (idiom); with gusto; to relish; eagerly; with great interest
债
债券
zhài quàn bond; debenture
交
jiāo - same as traditional
Meaning: To hand over, exchange, intersect, or associate.
- 打交道 - dǎ jiāo dào - to come into contact with; to have dealings
- 交换 - jiāo huàn - to exchange; to swap; to switch (telecom); commutative (math); to commute
- 交际 - jiāo jì - communication; social intercourse
- 交往 - jiāo wǎng - to associate; to contact; association; contact
- 外交 - wài jiāo - diplomacy; diplomatic; foreign affairs; CL:个
忆
含
han 2 - Does not change from traditional
Together, the character 含 conveys the idea of holding something in the mouth or containing something internally, which extends to including, enduring, or implying something subtly.
含有 - have / contain
* 我喝了一个含有气泡的美式然后一直在打嗝
包含 - bāo hán - to contain; to embody; to include
含糊 - hán hu - ambiguous; vague
含义 - hán yì - meaning (implicit in a phrase); implied meaning; hidden meaning; hint; connotation
边
邊 - biān
边 refers to the edge or border of something, often indicating the outermost or furthest part of a physical or conceptual area.
Proximity: Refers to areas near or around something, like 旁边 (páng biān), meaning “beside” or “nearby.”
Boundary of Context: Implies limits or constraints in discussions, ideas, or scenarios.
Position or Role: Can signify one part or side of a larger context, such as in 两边 (liǎng biān), meaning “both sides.”
希
xi1 - 希 originally refers to rarity or something that is infrequent. It also extends to the idea of hope or expectation, as rare things are often highly desired or anticipated.
希 metaphorically represents:
Hope and Aspiration: Expressing a wish for something desirable or positive, such as in 希望 (xī wàng), meaning “hope.”
Rarity: Denoting something rare or scarce, emphasizing its value or uniqueness.
Expectation: Implying anticipation or longing for something in the future.
居
jū - Does not change from traditional
居 refers to the act of living or residing in a particular place. It often denotes a state of settlement or inhabitation.
Metaphorically, it can signify a person’s state of mind, position, or approach to life.
- 邻居
- 居然 - jū rán - unexpectedly; to one’s surprise; go so far as to
- 居民 - jū mín - resident; inhabitant;
- 居住 - jū zhù - to reside; to dwell; to live in a place; resident in
堆
duī - does not change from traditional chinese
堆 refers to a pile or heap of objects, often implying a collection of things gathered together in one place.
It metaphorically suggests accumulation, excess, or concentration, depending on the context.
一堆 (yī duī): A pile of, a heap of.
Example: 桌子上有一堆书。
(Zhuō zi shàng yǒu yī duī shū.)
“There’s a pile of books on the table.”
盾
dùn - Does not change from traditional
盾 refers to a shield, a protective device used in battle to defend against attacks.
盾 metaphorically represents:
* Protection or Defense: Refers to anything that serves as a safeguard or defense, whether physical, emotional, or strategic.
* Barrier or Opposition: Symbolizes resistance or something that prevents progress or action.
* Contradiction: In the context of the idiom 矛盾 (máo dùn), meaning “contradiction,” it pairs with 矛 (spear) to signify conflicting ideas or forces (literally “spear and shield”).
仅
jin3
返
fǎn
返 refers to the act of returning to a place, situation, or state. It involves movement back to an original point or direction.
返回 - it is normal in apps to go back to the previous page
营
yíng - 營
营 originally referred to a camp or military encampment, a place where soldiers were stationed or organized. Over time, it evolved to include meanings related to operation, management, and business activities.
营 metaphorically represents:
Management and Operation: Refers to running or managing activities, often related to businesses, projects, or campaigns.
Effort or Strategy: Implies the active effort to achieve something, emphasizing planning and execution.
Gathering or Organization: Conveys the sense of bringing people or resources together for a common purpose.
营业 (營業)
营造 (營造)
营销 (營銷)
营养 (營養)
经营 (經營)
系
Pinyin: xì (or jì in some contexts)
Does not change from traditional
- xì: Used in contexts like “system” (系统) or “department” (系主任).
- jì: Used when referring to the action of tying or fastening (系鞋带, jì xié dài – “tie shoelaces”).
Meaning: System, to tie, to relate, to connect.
系 originally meant to tie or bind (as in tying something together). Over time, it evolved to signify connection or relationship, and in modern contexts, it often represents a system or series.
系安全带 - tie seatbelt
系鞋带 - jì xié dài
系领带 - jì lǐng dài - tie one’s necktie
系统 - xì tǒng - system; CL:个
基
ji1 - Does not change from traditional
Refers to a foundation or base, both literally (as in the base of a structure) and metaphorically (as in the basis of an idea or system).
基本 - jī běn - basic; fundamental; main; elementary
基督教
基础 - jī chǔ - base; foundation; basis; underlying; CL:个
础
礎 - chǔ - refers specifically to the base or foundation of a structure, such as the stone base of a pillar. It emphasizes the physical, stable support upon which something is built.
Emphasizes more the physical or metaphorical foundation that provides stability or support.
及
jí - literally means “to reach” or “to extend to.” It originally described the act of arriving at or catching up with something or someone.
他的努力终于及目标。
(Tā de nǔ lì zhōng yú jí mù biāo.)
“His efforts finally reached the goal.”
以及 - yǐ jí - as well as; too; and
及格 - jí gé - to pass a test (Achieve the minimum score)
考试及格需要60分以上 - “You need a score of 60 or above to pass the exam.”
我这次考试及格了，太高兴了！
他的游泳技术勉强及格。
(Tā de yóu yǒng jì shù miǎn qiǎng jí gé.)
“His swimming skills are just barely passable.”
浪
làng2 - Does not change from traditional
Wave or billow (depicting the motion of water).
Figurative Meanings:
- Carefree, unrestrained behavior.
- Romantic or whimsical (as seen in “浪漫”).
- Sometimes connotes recklessness (e.g., “浪子” referring to a playboy).
- 浪费 (浪費)
- 浪漫
- 波浪 - wave
- 乘风破浪 (chéng fēng pò làng): Idiom meaning “to ride the wind and break the waves,” symbolizing overcoming challenges.
仍
réng2 - Does not change from traditional
The primary meaning of “仍” is “still” or “yet,” indicating that a condition or action continues as before.
仍然, 依然 and 仍旧
Tone and Formality:
仍然 is neutral and widely used in both casual and formal settings.
依然 carries a slightly formal or literary tone.
仍旧 has a more emphatic, sometimes dramatic, nuance.
Contextual Emphasis:
仍然 is the straightforward choice for stating continuity.
依然 highlights an unaltered state, often with an air of permanence.
仍旧 is ideal for situations where the unchanged nature of a state is notable, perhaps against expectations.
处
Pinyin: chù (as a noun) / chǔ (as a verb)
Traditional Version: 處
As chù: Place, location, point, or office.
As chǔ: To deal with, to handle, to be situated in, or to live.
处 (Simplified) or 處 (Traditional) can mean a specific place or point when used as a noun. As a verb, it refers to actions like handling situations, dealing with matters, or being situated in a specific state or environment.
到处 - 到处都是鲜花 (Dào chù dōu shì xiān huā.) - “There are flowers everywhere.”
处理 - chǔ lǐ - to handle; to treat; to deal with; to process; CL:个
相处 - xiāng chǔ - “to interact with each other” or “to live together.”
相处 (xiāng chǔ) means to get along, to interact, or to coexist with others. It describes the process of living or working together and the nature of the relationship or interaction between people.
- 他们相处得很好
- 我和他很难相处
- 我觉得和你相处也很舒服
- 反正怎么说呢 就是一种感觉 我觉得跟你相处的很好
- 女同事难相处
- 我觉得两个人在一起需要相处
- 等我们见面吧 我希望我们可以好好相处
- 可以摸鱼，领导好相处
- 我不喜欢和男人相处 -
松
sōng - 鬆
- 木 + 公
松 originally refers to the pine tree, a symbol of resilience and strength in Chinese culture. It also describes something that is loose or relaxed.
- Relaxation: A state of being calm, loose, or free from tension.
- Lack of Tightness or Rigidity: Implies flexibility, leniency, or a less strict approach.
- Natural Strength: Inspired by the pine tree’s symbolic endurance and longevity in Chinese culture.
放松 (放鬆)
松
轻松 (輕鬆)
钥
钥匙 - (yào shi) - key
郊
jiao1 - kind of means suburb and doest not change from traditional
郊区 - jiāo qū - suburban district; outskirts; suburbs; CL:个
京郊 - suburbs of beijing
市郊 - outer city / suburbs
Can also use - 近郊 郊外
列
liè4 - Does not change from traditional
Several meanings, primarily related to arranging in order, ranking, and listing. It is often used in contexts where things are organized, lined up, or categorized.
列车 (列車)
系列
To arrange in a row or series:
* 排列 (pái liè) – “to arrange in order”
* 列队 (liè duì) – “to line up in formation”
A row or column:
* 队列 (duì liè) – “a formation or lineup”
* 列表 (liè biǎo) – “list” (such as an ordered record of items)
To enumerate or list items:
* 列举 (liè jǔ) – “to enumerate” or “to list”
* 列出 (liè chū) – “to list out”
误
wù4 - 誤 in traditional
“Mistake” or “error”—referring to something done incorrectly.
- Denotes misjudgment or misunderstanding in various contexts.
- Can imply an unintentional error or deviation from the correct path.
失误 (失誤)
误 (誤)
误会 (誤會)
误解 (誤解)
错误 (錯誤)
故
gù4 -
(See hot it is different to Wudi, 敌)
Literal and Figurative Meanings:
Literal:
“Old” or “ancient”
“Past” or “bygone”
Figurative:
F1 - Indicates cause or reason, as seen in constructions like “故意” (on purpose)
F2 - Serves as a discourse marker meaning “therefore” or “as a result” in classical and formal contexts
- 故宫 (故宮) - Forbiden city
- 故意
反
fǎn - Does not change from traditional
Literal Meaning:
“Reverse” or “opposite”—indicating a change in direction.
Figurative Meanings:
* Signifies opposition, resistance, or being contrary.
* Conveys notions of rebellion, counteraction, or simply doing something in a reverse manner.
反对 (fǎn duì): To oppose or be against something.
反转 (fǎn zhuǎn): Refers to a reversal or twist, common in discussions about movies, series, or trending online stories.
反派 (fǎn pài): A term for villains in films or literature, often used in casual conversations about entertainment.
反叛 (fǎn pàn): Describes rebellious behavior or attitudes, frequently discussed in contexts of nonconformity among youth.
反正 (fǎn zhèng): Means “anyway” or “in any case,” a versatile word frequently used in daily conversation.
肤
fū - traditional 膚
肤 literally refers to the skin or outer layer of a person, animal, or object. It emphasizes the physical covering or surface of something.
Used metaphorically to describe the surface or superficial layer of something. Also, refers to the visible or external aspect of an object, often contrasting with deeper, more substantial qualities.
肤浅 (膚淺) - superficial
肤色 (膚色) - skincolor
护肤 (護膚) - skincare
其
qí2 - Does not change from traditional
Pictographic origin: depicted a basket/container.
Evolved over time to abstract forms and meanings.
Possessive Pronoun: “his,” “her,” “its,” “their”
他回到其家。(He returned to his home.)
Demonstrative/Speculative Pronoun (that; perhaps; probably)
其人可疑。(That person is suspicious.)
其去乎？(Perhaps he has left?)
Conjunction indicating ‘among them’
其一 (One of them)
Adverb Indicating Approximation
其或如此。(Maybe it is so.)
Adapted into multiple grammatical roles in modern usage.
其
其他
其实 (其實)
其次
顺其自然 (順其自然)
尤其
斯期基欺棋琪祺淇箕麒綦骐
度
dù4 / duó2 - Does not change from traditional
度 originally depicted a hand (又) measuring something, representing measurement or calculation.
duo2 - to estimate
- dù (most common)
Measure; degree; extent
温度 (wēn dù): temperature
程度 (chéng dù): extent, degree
Measure or Unit
摄氏度 (shè shì dù): Celsius degree
Time / Occasion
一年一度 (yī nián yī dù): once a year; annual
To spend/pass (time)
度假 (dù jià): to spend holidays/vacation
夫
fu1
1 一横
2 一横
3 丿撇
4 ㇏捺
浅
淺 - qiǎn - shallow, not deep; superficial
肤浅 - opposite of 深刻 彻底 透彻
肤浅 (fū qiǎn) means shallow or superficial, often used to describe a lack of depth in knowledge, understanding, thought, or insight.
- Refers to a superficial or limited grasp of a subject or concept.
- Describes thoughts or opinions that lack critical analysis or depth.
- Refers to making judgments based solely on surface-level characteristics, such as appearance or first impressions.
4
这部书表现出对历史背景肤浅的理解 - The book shows only a superficial understanding of the historical context.
她太肤浅了！She’s so superficial!
他的历史知识很肤浅 - “His knowledge of history is very shallow.”
搁浅 (擱淺)
殊
shu1 - does not change from traditional
殊 means different, special, or exceptional. It emphasizes distinction or uniqueness.
特殊
悬殊 (懸殊)
殊
殊途同归
抢
搶 - qiǎng - means to grab, to snatch, or to seize. It describes a forceful or quick action to take something, often with urgency OR aggression.
Method: Forceful, open, and often aggressive.
Characteristics:
- Often involves physical confrontation or a struggle.
- The victim is usually aware of the act
Difference with 偷 (tōu): 偷 is done in a concealed manner to avoid detection.
The victim often doesn’t realize it immediately.
抢劫案 -
抢号 -
枪
qiang1 - firearm
频
頻 - pin2 (pín) refers to frequency or repetition of actions, events, or occurrences over time.
视频 (視頻)
频道 (頻道)
频繁 - pín fán - frequently; often
频率 - pín lv4 - frequency
* 一周的频率 - How much a week
* 你拉的频率高吗 - Do you play frequently
* 同事说我感冒的频率比大姨妈还高 - My colleague says i get sick more often that i get my period
少 –》 步
shao3
xiao4
挑
tiao1/tiao3 - does not change from traditional
Means to choose, to pick, to carry, or to provoke depending on the context.
1st tone - Core Meaning: To choose, select, or carry on a shoulder pole.
挑剔 - tiāo ti - picky; fussy
挑食 - tiao1 shi2 - be choosy about what one eats
3rd tone - To provoke, stir up, or raise something up.
* 挑拨 - tiǎo bō - to incite disharmony; to instigate
* 挑衅 - tiǎo xìn - to provoke; provocation
* 挑战 (挑戰) - challenge
届
jie4 - 屆
届 means session, term, or time. It is used to describe a specific instance of an event or a fixed period, particularly in the context of organized activities like conferences, graduations, or terms of office.
首届 -
赋
fù - 賦 in traditional
贝 + 武
赋 means to bestow, to assign, or to compose. It is commonly associated with giving or granting something, particularly in formal or creative contexts.
The word “bestow” means to give something as a gift or honor, often in a formal or ceremonial way. It implies granting or presenting something valuable or significant, such as an award, a title, or a blessing. In Spanish, “bestow” is translated as “otorgar” or “conferir”
赋予 - fù yǔ - to assign; to entrust (a task); to give; to bestow
天赋 - tiān fù - gift; innate skill
赋值 - assignment
* Example at work: 完成新用户在slots产品内的pLTV赋值
控
kòng - does not change from traditional
控制
遥控 - yáo kòng - remote control
风控 - risk control
术
shu4 - 術
术 means technique, art, method, or skill. It often refers to the way something is done, particularly in a systematic or skilled manner.
美术 - měi shù - art; fine arts; painting; CL:种[zhong3]
手术 - shǒu shù - surgical operation; operation; surgery; CL:个
武术 - wǔ shù - martial art; military skill or technique (in former times); all kinds of martial art sports (some claiming spiritual development); self-defense; tradition of choreographed fights from opera and film (recent usage); also called kungfu 功夫; CL:种[zhong3]
学术 - xué shù - learning; science; academic; CL:个
取
取 means to take, to fetch, to obtain, or to choose. It often conveys an action of acquiring or selecting something, either physically or abstractly.
采取 - cǎi qǔ - to adopt or carry out (measures, policies, course of action); to take
录取 - lù qǔ - to recruit; to enroll
取消 - qǔ xiāo - to cancel; cancellation
吸取 - xī qǔ - to absorb; to draw (a lesson, insight etc); to assimilate
争取 - zhēng qǔ - to fight for; to strive for; to win over
消
xiao1 - to disappear/to vanish/to eliminate/to spend (time)/have to/need
消 means to eliminate, to dissipate, to disappear, or to extinguish. It often conveys the idea of removing, reducing, or causing something to cease.
Also means, To Spend or Consume (Time, Resources):
In classical Chinese, 消 was often used to describe the passing or consumption of time.
- Example: 消磨 (xiāo mó): To while away time or waste effort.
Over time, this concept broadened to describe the spending of energy, time, and resources, aligning closely with the modern idea of expenditure.
With the introduction of monetary systems, 消 naturally extended to spending money, as it similarly represents the reduction or use of a finite resource.
消费 - xiāo fèi - to consume; CL:个
消化 - xiāo huà - digest; digestion; digestive
消极 - xiāo jí - negative; passive; inactive
消失 - xiāo shī - to disappear; to fade away
取消 - qǔ xiāo - to cancel; cancellation
极
極 - ji2
极 means extreme, utmost, or pole (as in the poles of the Earth or a magnet). It conveys the idea of reaching the highest or furthest degree, either physically or abstractly.
太极
太极拳 - tài jí quán - shadowboxing or Taiji, T’aichi or T’aichichuan; traditional form of physical exercise or relaxation; a martial art
极其 - jí qí - extremely
南极 or 北极
Superlative Adverb:
Used to emphasize intensity, often interchangeable with “extremely” or “very.”
Example: 天气冷极了。
(Tiān qì lěng jí le.)
“The weather is extremely cold.”
集
集合 - jí hé - a congregation; to gather; a set
集体 - jí tǐ - collective; social; team; CL:个
集中 - jí zhōng - to concentrate; to centralize; to focus; centralized; concentrated; to put together
熟
shu2 - does not change from traditional
成熟
熟
熟悉
筑
zhu4 - 築
Means to build, to construct, or to establish. It is associated with the physical act of creating structures or the metaphorical act of building something intangible, such as relationships or systems.
建筑 (jiàn zhù): Architecture or construction.
Example: 现代建筑越来越注重环保设计。
(Xiàn dài jiàn zhù yuè lái yuè zhù zhòng huán bǎo shè jì.)
“Modern architecture increasingly focuses on eco-friendly design.”
筑巢 (zhù cháo): To build a nest (literal or figurative).
Example: 鸟儿在树上筑巢。
(Niǎo ér zài shù shàng zhù cháo.)
“The birds are building nests in the trees.”
估
gu1 - estimate
gu4 - old/second-hand (clothes)
remember 古 - gu3 - ancient/old/paleo-
Does not change from traditional
评估 (評估)
调
調
tiáo (pronunciation 1):
To adjust, tune, or regulate
To modify or change something, often for optimization.
To set or to balance (like adjusting settings or tuning a device).
Examples:
调节 (tiáojié) – to adjust, to regulate
调整 (tiáozhěng) – to adjust, to fine-tune
调味 (tiáowèi) – to season (food)
调皮 (tiáopí) – naughty, mischievous
diào (pronunciation 2):
To transfer, deliver (often used in the context of moving something or someone).
To call or order (to summon or fetch someone).
Tone, pitch (in music) – referring to tuning or changing the pitch of a musical note.
Examples:
调度 (diàodù) – dispatch, scheduling, allocation
调职 (diàozhí) – to transfer (a person in a job context)
宽
kuān1 - 寬 in traditional
has several meanings and uses, primarily related to width, space, or generosity
宽 (寬)
宽容 (寬容) - Tolerant
* 改正你的错我，请对我宽容一点
宽带 (寬帶)
宽松 (寬鬆)
宽恕 (寬恕) - To forgive / forgiveness
据
依据 (依據)
仪
yí2 - 儀 in traditional chinese
It is a phono-semantic compound where the left side (亻) is the “person” radical, suggesting human affairs, and the right side (义) gives a clue to its pronunciation.
Historically, “儀” has been used in classical texts, especially in contexts related to rites and ceremonies. It appears in early Chinese literature such as the “Book of Rites” (礼记), indicating proper conduct, ceremonial measures, or protocols in social and state affairs.
- Literal and Figurative Meanings:
Literal Meaning: The literal meaning of “仪” is related to “ceremony” or “ritual”. It conveys the idea of prescribed forms or measures used in formal occasions.
Figurative Meanings:
- Etiquette and Decorum: It signifies proper behavior, manners, or the correct way to conduct oneself.
- Appearance and Demeanor: It can denote one’s appearance or deportment, often implying a dignified or respectable manner.
- Instrument or Device (in compound usage): When combined in words like “仪器”, it refers to instruments or apparatuses used for measurement or specific tasks.
Examples of Words Frequently Used by Young People:
仪式感 (yí shì gǎn):
A popular term among young people, referring to the “sense of ceremony” or the feeling that elevates everyday activities into memorable experiences. It is often used when talking about adding a special touch or ritualistic quality to ordinary events (e.g., birthday celebrations or meet-ups).
* 没有仪式感
仪表 (yí biǎo):
Commonly used to refer to one’s appearance or demeanor. Phrases like “仪表堂堂” describe someone who carries themselves with a dignified and impressive appearance.
仪态 (yí tài):
This term highlights one’s grace or poise, describing a composed and elegant manner, often admired in social contexts.
These examples show how the concept of “仪” has evolved from its traditional association with formal ceremonies to being incorporated into modern expressions that emphasize style, presentation, and a thoughtful approach to everyday life.
仪器 - yí qì - instrument; apparatus; CL:台[tai2]
仪式 - yí shì - ceremony
尊
尊敬 - zūn jìng - to respect; to revere; to honour
敬
jing4 - same as traditional - means respect, reverence, or to honor. It is used to describe attitudes or actions that convey esteem or deference toward others.
尊敬 - zūn jìng - to respect; to revere; to honour
崇敬 - chóng jìng - to revere; high esteem
恭敬 - gōng jìng - deferential; with respect
敬礼 - jìng lǐ - salute
敬业 - jìng yè - to be dedicated to one’s work; to respect one’s work;
敬
敬请 (敬請)
敬酒
致敬
遵
zūn - same as traditional chinese
Literally means “to follow” or “to abide by,” implying the act of stepping along a set path or direction.
Historically, the character has been associated with the idea of following a prescribed course or adhering to established rules and customs. In classical texts, “遵” often appears in contexts related to observing proper conduct, laws, and traditions.
遵守 (zūn shǒu):
Commonly used in contexts like “遵守规则” (abide by the rules) in schools, workplaces, or social gatherings.
遵循 (zūn xún):
Means “to follow” or “to adhere to” principles, guidelines, or trends, often used when discussing lifestyle choices or study methods.
遵从 (zūn cóng):
Used to express compliance with advice or directives, whether in personal life or within online communities where opinions and trends are shared.
劲
jìn - 勁 - means strength, force, energy, or spirit. It is often used to describe physical or emotional power, as well as enthusiasm or vigor.
力: The raw engine power of a car.
劲: The way that power feels—smooth, intense, or dynamic.
可劲 - vigorously / to the utmost / to the best of one’s ability
使劲儿 - shǐ jìn r - to exert all one’s strength
干劲 - gàn jìn - enthusiasm for doing sth
拟
ni3 擬
拟 primarily means “to imitate,” “to draft,” or “to consider” depending on the context. It is often used in formal writing, planning, and comparisons.
- 拟 (擬)
- 模拟 (模擬)
- 虚拟 (虛擬) - Ficticious/theoretical/virtual
- 拟定 - nǐ dìng - to draw up; to draft; to formulate
这个虚拟属性需要补充cashapp
爽
shuǎng - Does not change from traditional -
Can refer to comfort, refreshment, or pleasantness.
It can describe the feeling of being cool, comfortable, or pleased. It is often used to describe a sensation of relief or satisfaction.
爽 - It can be used alone
* 那挺爽的
* 他蛮大的，确实挺爽的
不爽 - be upset
* 然后被我妈看到了，她就会不爽
爽快 - shuǎng kuài - refreshed; rejuvenated; frank and straightforward
凉爽 (涼爽) - Cool and refreshing - 早上出门的时候感觉天气很凉爽
弃
警
jing3 - does not change from tradtional
Means to alert, to warn, or to be vigilant. It is commonly associated with police, warning, or awareness.
- BingoWinner-IOS/GP 监控任务预警:
预警 - “early warning” or “forecasted alert”. It refers to a warning issued in advance about a potential problem, danger, or critical situation, allowing time to prepare or take preventive measures.
控
kong4 - does not change from traditional
It means to control, to manage, or to accuse. It often conveys a sense of regulation, restraint, or command over something.
监控 (監控) -
* BingoWinner-IOS/GP 监控任务预警:
控制 - kòng zhì - control; to exercise control over; to contain
遥控 - yáo kòng - remote control
卓
Zhuo2 - surname Zhuo
zhuo2 - outstanding
Does not change from traditional
often related to excellence, prominence, or distinction. It is a versatile character used in various contexts, both literally and metaphorically.
卓越 - zhuó yuè - distinction; excellence; outstanding; surpassing; distinguished; splendid
安卓 - Android
“卓识” (zhuóshí): Profound knowledge.
“卓著” (zhuózhù): Remarkable, notable.
“卓绝” (zhuójué): Extraordinary, unparalleled.
甲
jia3 - 甲方
将
將 (jiāng or jiàng)
multiple meanings and pronunciations
jiāng - To Be About To / Will (Future Tense)
* 将军 - jiāng jūn - (Military) admiral; (chess) to check; to embarrass
* 将来 - jiāng lái - in the future; future; the future; CL:个
* 即将 (即將)
* 将近 - jiāng jìn - almost; nearly; close to
* 将就 - jiāng jiù - to accept (a bit reluctantly); to put up with;
jiàng - General (Military Rank)
* 武将 (武將)
* 麻将 (麻將)
胁
xié2 - 脅
月 + 办
The character 胁 (xié) originally means the side of the body, specifically the ribs or flank. It belongs to the “⺼ (flesh)” radical family, which relates to parts of the body.
Over time, the meaning of 胁 extended metaphorically from “side of the body” to meanings like to threaten, especially by pressing from the side — both physically and psychologically.
威胁 (威脅)
胁迫 (脅迫)
乙
yi3 - second of 10 heavenly stems 十天干/second in order/letter “B” or roman “II” in list “A, B, C”, or “I, II, III” etc/second party (in legal contract, usually 乙方[yi3 fang1], as opposed to 甲方[jia3 fang1])/ethyl/bent/winding/radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 5)
zhe2 - turning stroke (in Chinese characters)/see also 折[zhe2]
乙方 - second party in a contract
违
wei2 - 違 - means to violate, to disobey, or to go against. It is often used in contexts involving breaking rules, laws, or agreements.
违法 (wéi fǎ): To violate the law.
* 违法的行为会受到处罚。(Wéi fǎ de xíng wéi huì shòu dào chǔ fá.) “Illegal actions will be punished.”
违反 - wéi fǎn - to violate (a law)
违背 - wéi bèi - to violate; to be contrary to
违约 - break a contract / violate a treaty
* 违约金 - impossition for breaking the contract
循
xun2 - to follow/to adhere to/to abide by
(Does not change from traditional)
循环 - xún huán - to cycle; to circulate; circle; loop
* solitaire 循环活动测试数据实验 - Cyclic Activity Test Data Experiment
季
Jì - does not change from traditional
Primarily denotes a “season”—a significant period within the annual cycle—making it a key element in words such as 季节 and 四季.
悸鯚
季节 (jì jié): Combines 季 with 节 (“period” or “festival”) to specifically denote a season.
四季 (sì jì): Directly means “four seasons,” a common reference to the full annual cycle.
夏季 (xià jì): The summer season.
季度 (jì dù): A quarter; a three‐month period in a year, commonly used in business and finance.
季节 (季節) (jì jié): A season; one of the four natural periods of the year (spring, summer, autumn, winter).
季军 (季軍) (jì jūn): The competitor or team placed third in a contest.
春季 (chūn jì): The spring season.
秋季 (qiū jì): The autumn season.
赛季 (賽季) (sài jì): The sports or competitive season during which games or matches are played.
雨季 (yǔ jì): The rainy season, a period marked by significant rainfall.
至
zhi4
It like a formal/literary dao4 到
Or it means extreme - Expresses the highest degree of something.
至高无上 (zhì gāo wú shàng): Supreme or unparalleled.
* 自由是至高无上的价值。(Zì yóu shì zhì gāo wú shàng de jià zhí.) “Freedom is of the highest value.”
The most common uses are:
限
xiàn4 - does not change from traditional
means limit, restriction, or boundary. It refers to setting a boundary or placing a constraint on something.
勃
bo2 - it does not change from traditional
勃 primarily means sudden, vigorous, or flourishing. It often refers to something arising quickly or bursting forth with energy or intensity.
勃勃 - The term 勃勃 means vibrant, energetic, flourishing, or full of vitality. It is often used to describe a state of strong, dynamic energy or intense ambition in both positive and figurative contexts. not only used to describe people. It can also describe things, environments, situations, or even abstract concepts. The key is that whatever it describes must exhibit qualities of vitality, energy, ambition, or enthusiasm.
兴致勃勃 - xìng zhì bó bó - to become exhilarated (idiom); in high spirits; full of zest
朝气蓬勃 - zhāo qì péng bó - full of youthful energy (idiom); vigorous; energetic; a bright spark
抗
kang4 - Does not change from traditional
Means to resist, to oppose, or to withstand. It often refers to opposing force, enduring hardship, or resisting something harmful.
- 抗拒 - (1) Emotional resistance.
- About a miopia procedure: 其实一开始我是很抗拒的，
(2) - Means to resist, to defy, or to refuse. It refers to actively opposing or rejecting something, often with a sense of willful defiance.
- 青少年可能觉得很难抗拒同龄人的压力。
Teenagers may find it difficult to resist peer pressure. - 抵抗 - dǐ kàng - to resist; resistance
- 对抗 - duì kàng - to withstand; to resist; to stand off; antagonism; confrontation
- 反抗 - fǎn kàng - to resist; to rebel
- 抗议 - kàng yì - protest
型
xíng (same in both traditional and simplified)
- Model / Type / Pattern: Refers to a particular form, mold, or type that something takes, especially in terms of design or shape.
- Shape / Figure: Refers to the external shape or outline of something, often in a structured, defined manner.
大型 - dà xíng - large scale; wide scale; broad
类型 - lèi xíng - type; category; genre; form; style;
原
yuan2 - does not change from traditional
Original / Primary / Source: Refers to the beginning, origin, or something in its natural, original state.
Field / Plain: A flat or open area, typically used for land or fields.
- 原料 - yuán liào - raw material; CL:个
- 原则 - yuán zé - principle; doctrine; CL:个
- 原来 (原來)
- 原因
- 原文
- 原谅 (原諒)
价
块
kuài - 塊
Versatile word in Chinese, with several meanings depending on the context. It can refer to a piece or chunk of something, but also has other specific uses
塊 (kuài) originally refers to a piece, lump, or chunk of something solid or large. This can include pieces of food, materials, or even abstract things like time or money
块 (kuài) is typically for larger, irregular chunks or pieces that are substantial in size or bulk. It conveys the idea of a bigger unit of something.
For example, a piece of cake, a piece of land, or a block of wood.
颗 (kē) is used for small, round, or individual items, often things that are countable and discrete in nature.
For example, a grain of rice, a seed, a bead, or a pearl.
- Summary:
Use 块 (kuài) for larger chunks or pieces that are more substantial and irregular.
Use 颗 (kē) for small, round objects or countable units, especially when they are tiny.
诈
zhà4 - 詐
诈 means to deceive, to cheat, or to trick. It refers to actions or behavior intended to mislead or defraud someone.
诈骗 - zhà piàn - to defraud; to swindle; to blackmail
欺诈 - fraud
不同卡的欺诈率分析
范
fàn4 - 範
范 means model, example, or pattern. It often refers to something that serves as a standard, guide, or template for behavior, appearance, or design.
- 范围 - fàn wéi - limit; range; scope; extent; CL:个
- 范畴 - fàn chóu - category
- 规范 - guī fàn - norm; standard; specification; regulation; rule; within the rules; to fix rules; to regulate; to specify
- 模范 - mó fàn - model; fine example
- 师范 - shī fàn - teacher-training; pedagogical; normal (school, e.g. Beijing Normal University)
- 示范 - shì fàn - to demonstrate; to show how to do sth; demonstration; a model example
权
quán - 權
权 means power, authority, or rights. It refers to having the ability or right to control, make decisions, or take actions.
- 政权 - zhèng quán - regime; (wield) political power
- 主权 - zhǔ quán - sovereignty
- 权衡 - quán héng - to weigh; to consider; to assess; to balance; to trade-off
- 权威 - quán wēi - authority; authoritative; power and prestige
龄
líng2 - Does not change from traditional
龄 means age or years, particularly referring to the age of a person, an object, or even a general time span.
- 年龄 (nián líng): Age
- 工龄 (gōng líng): Length of service or work experience
- 司龄1年178天 - 1 year and 178 days of service
暂
zàn4 - 暫
暂 means temporary, provisional, or for the time being. It conveys the sense of something being short-term, not permanent, or just for now.
暂且 - zàn qiě - for now; for the time being; temporarily
暂时 - Temporary or for the time being.
* 这个问题只是暂时的 - “This problem is only temporary.
* 好的，暂时没有客户来看房子
项
xiàng4 - 項
项 means item, project, category, or neck. It is often used to refer to a specific element or component within a broader context, such as a list, project, or concept.
- 事项 - shì xiàng - matter; item
- 项链 - xiàng liàn - necklace
- 项目 - xiàng mù - item; project; sports event; CL:个
项 as a classifier:
As a measure word, 项 is used to count or classify abstract items, tasks, projects, achievements, or activities that are often part of a list or formal structure. It emphasizes categorization and specificity, making it common in formal, academic, or professional contexts.
项 highlights the individual items within a larger framework, such as a list of projects, rules, or accomplishments.
* Example: 一项工作 (yī xiàng gōng zuò): “One task” (from a set of tasks).
It is not used for physical objects but rather for things like projects, policies, tasks, achievements, or events.
- 声明 - shēng míng - statement; declaration; CL:项[xiang4] ,份[fen4]
- 条款 - tiáo kuǎn - clause (of contract or law); CL:项[xiang4]
- 协议 - xié yì - agreement; pact; protocol; CL:项[xiang4]
- 本领 - běn lǐng - skill; ability; capability; CL:项[xiang4] ,个
- 一项任务 (yī xiàng rèn wù): One task.
- 一项政策 (yī xiàng zhèng cè): One policy.
乘
chéng2 - Does not change from traditional
乘 means to ride, to multiply, or to take advantage of. It is a versatile character with meanings that range from physical actions (riding or mounting) to mathematical operations and figurative expressions.
乘坐 - chéng zuò - to ride (in a vehicle)
乘 alone can also be used when it means to ride
Can 乘坐 and 乘 be used interchangeably?
The short answer is yes, but not always. While 乘坐 and 乘 share the same core meaning—to ride or take (transportation)—there are important differences in formality, usage, and context that determine whether they can be used interchangeably.
乘坐 (vs 乘):\
- More formal and polite.
- Commonly used in written or formal contexts (e.g., announcements, official statements, and polite conversation).
- Often emphasizes passengers or the act of taking a specific type of transport, while 乘 can be used to ride the wind, waves and ride things that are not a specific type of transport
Example: 乘坐飞机 (chéng zuò fēi jī): “To take a plane.”
乘客 - passenger
固
gù4
Means solid, firm, stable, or fixed. It often refers to things that are strong, secure, or unchanging in both physical and abstract senses.
固执 (固執)
固定 - gù dìng - fixed; set; regular
胆固醇 (膽固醇)
根深蒂固 - gēn shēn dì gù - deep-rooted (problem etc)
巩固 - gǒng gù - to consolidate; consolidation; to strengthen
固然 - gù rán - admittedly (it’s true that…)
固体 - gù tǐ - solid
固有 - gù yǒu - intrinsic to sth; inherent; native
固执 - gù zhi - persistent; stubborn
添
tiān1 - Does not change from traditional
添 means to add, to increase, or to supply. It conveys the idea of adding something extra to what already exists, whether it’s a physical object, an abstract concept, or an emotional state.
(忝 - tian3 - to shame)
添 - It is like 加, but often used in casual, personal, or emotional contexts.
Refers to small, gradual additions or emotional impacts.
Example: 添麻烦 (cause trouble), 添衣 (add clothes).
增添
添加 - means to add, to increase, or to supplement. It emphasizes the act of introducing something additional to an existing quantity, system, or context. The term is versatile and commonly used for both physical additions (like adding ingredients) and abstract additions (like adding features or emotions).
添加材料 (tiān jiā cái liào): To add materials.
* 在制作过程中需要不断添加调料。
“Ingredients need to be added continuously during the process.”
添加功能 (tiān jiā gōng néng): To add a feature.
* 这个软件新添加了语音识别功能 - “This software has added a new voice recognition feature.”
添加好友 (tiān jiā hǎo yǒu): Add a friend (on social media).
* 你可以在微信上添加我的好友 - “You can add me as a friend on WeChat.”
这个需要到对应的任务里面去添加 - “This needs to be added to the corresponding task.”
(Boss was telling Qing that he has to go to a specific function to add content, cannot write directly)
糖
糖葫芦
摄
攝 - she4
Literal Meaning: To capture, absorb, or manage.
Extended Meanings:
- Taking photos or capturing images (e.g., 摄影).
- Absorbing or consuming nutrients or energy (e.g., 摄取).
- Governing or managing (e.g., 摄政).
- Holding or stabilizing emotions or objects (e.g., 摄住).
- Attracting or mesmerizing (e.g., 摄人心魄).
- Usage: Common in contexts like photography, governance, health, and emotional impact.
- 摄氏度 - shè shì dù - degrees centigrade
- 摄影 - shè yǐng - to take a photograph; photography; to shoot (a movie)
- 拍摄 (pāi shè) - means to shoot, to film, or to take a photo or video. It specifically refers to the act of capturing images or videos, either for professional or personal purposes.
- 拍摄照片 (pāi shè zhào piàn): To take a photo.
Example: 她正在公园拍摄照片。
(Tā zhèng zài gōng yuán pāi shè zhào piàn.)
“She is taking photos in the park.
In WeChat, 拍摄 is a feature that allows users to take photos or videos directly within the app
藏犯
Does not change from traditional
- Cáng (藏 as a Verb):
- To hide, to store, or to conceal.
- Refers to the act of putting something in a secret or safe place.
收藏 - Literal Meaning: To collect, save, or store. In WeChat: Allows users to save important or favorite messages, images, and files for later use. Functions as a personal digital organizer or “favorites” folder.
隐藏 (隱藏)
- Zàng (藏 as a Noun):
- Refers to Tibet (as a region) or storage in certain contexts.
- It also refers to internal organs in traditional Chinese medicine (e.g., the heart, liver).
侣
lǚ3 - 侶
Refers to companion, partner, or mate. It is commonly used to describe a person with whom one shares an intimate or close relationship, such as a life partner, travel companion, or teammate.
- 情侣 (情侶) - qing2 lv3 - lovers, couple
- 伴侣 (伴侶) - companion
- 终身伴侣 - Lifetime partner
- 神雕侠侣 (神雕俠侶)
Pinyin: Shen2 diao1 xia2 lu:3
Definition: The Return of the Condor Heroes (classic wuxia martial arts TV films of 1998 and 2006 based on novel by Jinyong 金庸)/variant of 神鵰俠侶|神雕侠侣
伴
bàn4 - Does not change from traditional
侣 is more formal and literary, often used in compound words to express deeper or more lasting relationships.
Example: 伴侣 (life partner).
伴 is more casual and used in everyday contexts to describe companions.
Example: 伙伴 (partner or buddy).
伙伴 - huǒ bàn - partner; companion; comrade
伴侣 (伴侶)
伴奏
伴娘
伴随 (伴隨)
同伴
玩伴
相伴
结伴 (結伴)
忠
zhōng1 - Does not change from traditional
Meaning: Loyal, faithful, devoted, sincere - 心 (heart) at the bottom, and 中 (middle) at the top. The combination suggests a heart (心) focused or centered (中) on something, which symbolizes deep loyalty or devotion.
Use: It refers to a deep sense of loyalty or dedication, especially in contexts where someone is committed to a person, cause, or duty.
- 忠诚 - zhōng chéng - devoted; fidelity; loyal; loyalty
- 忠实 (忠實) - zhōng shí - faithful
概
gai4 - Does not change from traditional
Originally refers to a general overview or a broad concept. It can also imply an idea or a summary that covers the main points without going into specific details.
Meaning: General, approximate, concept, idea, outline. 概 can represent an overall view or the essence of something, implying that the focus is on the broad understanding or rough outline, rather than precise details.
- 大概 -
- 概括 - gài kuò - to summarize; to generalize; briefly; CL:个
- 请概括一下这个项目的主要内容
- 概念 - gài niàn - concept; idea; CL:个
- 这个概念很抽象: This idea is very abstract
- 概览
连
lian2 - 連 - It is also a surname
连 originally referred to the idea of connecting or linking things. It can suggest both physical connections (such as links in a chain) and metaphorical connections (like ideas or events that follow one another).
连忙 - lián máng - promptly; at once
连续 - lián xù - continuous; in a row; serial; consecutive;
Synonyms:
接 (jiē): To connect, to link (focuses on the act of connecting)
联 (lián): To connect, unite (more formal)
串 (chuàn): To string together, often used for physical connections (like beads or lights)
顺
shun4 - 順
conveys the idea of smoothness, favorable conditions, or compliance with someone or something. It can describe things going well, flowing naturally, or in the correct order. It’s used both in literal and metaphorical senses, covering situations from simple tasks to complex interactions and relationships.
顺便 (順便)
顺其自然 (順其自然)
一帆风顺 - yì fān fēng shùn - single sail, gentle wind (idiom); plain sailing; to go smoothly
顺利 (順利)
顺心 (順心)
顺风 (順風)
孝顺 - xiào shun - to be obedient to one’s parents
洁
jié - 潔 in traditional
Clean, pure, spotless; free from dirt or impurities. Not just in a physical sense but also in terms of personal integrity, ethical standards, or innocence
清洁 (清潔) - qīng jié - clean; purity
简洁 (簡潔)
纯洁 (純潔) - chún jié - pure; clean and honest; to purify
廉洁 - lián jié - honest; not coercive; honesty; integrity; incorruptible
苗
Miao2 - does not change from traditional
Miao2 - Hmong or Miao ethnic group of southwest China/surname Miao
miao2 - sprout
苗 is primarily used to refer to a young plant or seedling, and metaphorically to represent something in its early stage or developmental phase.
It can also describe a slender body shape, or in some contexts, early signs or indications of something beginning.
疫苗 - vaccine - Yìmiáo
苗族
苗条 (苗條)
污
wū1 - does not change from traditional
Refers to dirtiness or filth, both in a literal, physical sense (as in uncleanliness) and a metaphorical sense (as in corruption or impurity).
贪污 - tān wū - corruption
污蔑 - wū miè - slander
色
色色 -
眼色 - yǎn sè - a wink; to signal with one’s eyes
气色 - qì sè - complexion
棕色 - zōng sè - brown
粉色 - fěn sè - white; light pink; erotic; beautiful woman; powdered (with make-up)
精
jīng - Does not change from traditional
Originally referred to the refined essence of a substance. It combines the radical 米 (mǐ, rice), representing something pure or valuable, with 青 (qīng, clear or fine), symbolizing clarity and excellence. Over time, 精 came to signify the best, the most refined, or the spirit/energy of something.
Extensions:
精 often conveys excellence, refinement, or focus. It can describe:
* High quality (精致, 精细).
* Dedication and expertise (精通, 精密).
* Energy and spirit (精神, 精力).
In a figurative sense, 精 emphasizes the essence of something—the most valuable, essential, or refined aspects.
- 博大精深 - bó dà jīng shēn - wide-ranging and profound; broad and deep
- 精打细算 - jīng dǎ xì suàn - (saying) meticulous planning and careful accounting
- 精华 - jīng huá - best feature; most important part of an object; quintessence; essence; soul
- 精简 - jīng jiǎn - to simplify; to reduce
- 精密 - jīng mì - accuracy; exact; precise; refined
- 精确 - jīng què - accurate; precise
- 精通 - jīng tōng - proficient
- 精心 - jīng xīn - with utmost care; fine; meticulous; detailed
- 精益求精 - jīng yì qiú jīng - to perfect sth that is already outstanding (idiom); constantly improving
- 精致 - jīng zhì - delicate; fine; exquisite; refined
计
jì - 計
The character 计 combines the radical 讠 (speech, words) with 十 (ten), suggesting the act of calculating, planning, or discussing something involving numbers or strategies.
共计 - gòng jì - to sum up to; to total
计较 - jì jiào - to haggle; to bicker; to argue
千方百计 - qiān fāng bǎi jì - lit. thousand ways, a hundred plans (idiom); by every possible means
统计 - tǒng jì - statistics; to count; to add up
秀
xiù4 - Does not change from traditional
The character 秀 originally referred to beautiful or elegant plants, especially the ear of grain growing on a plant, symbolizing something excellent or outstanding. Over time, it also came to represent beauty, talent, or showcasing something.
Outstanding, elegant, beautiful, or to show.
- 优秀 (yōu xiù) – Outstanding, excellent
- 真人秀节目 - reality show
惠
hui4 - does not change from traditional chinese
惠 conveys the idea of something beneficial, favorable, or kind, especially in the context of someone offering assistance, good will, or something advantageous.
- 优惠 - yōu huì - preferential; favorable
- 实惠 - shí huì - tangible benefit; material advantages; advantageous (deal); substantial (discount)
- 贤惠 - xián huì - chaste; virtuous
降
jiàng (Does not change from traditional)
To fall, lower, or decrease. It often emphasizes a controlled or purposeful action, or a reduction in numbers, prices, or temperature. It can also mean to surrender in some contexts.
- 降临 - jiàng lín - to descend to
- 降低 - jiàng dī - to reduce; to lower; to bring down
- 降落 - jiàng luò - to descend; to land
- 投降 - tóu xiáng - to surrender; surrender
畅
chang4 - 暢
畅 can describe physical movement, like a river flowing smoothly, or more abstract concepts, like conversations, thoughts, or processes that flow easily without hindrance.
畅 generally means smooth, unobstructed, or free-flowing. It is often used to describe something that is unimpeded, pleasant, or enjoyable.
- 畅通 - chàng tōng - unimpeded; free-flowing; straight path; unclogged; move without obstruction
- 畅销 - chàng xiāo - best seller; chart-topping
- 舒畅 - shū chàng - happy; entirely free from worry
- 顺畅 (順暢)
- 流畅 (流暢)
落
luò
To fall, drop, or land. It often emphasizes coming down naturally or gently and is frequently used for objects, events, or conditions.
KEY NUANCE: Often suggests a gentle or natural descent, like leaves falling or planes landing.
- 落地 - For a plane to land
- 落地页 - Landing page in Chinese. It suggests that the focus is on a web page designed for user interaction or conversion.
- 丢三落四 - diū sān là sì - forgetful; scatterbrained
- 堕落 - duò luò - to morally degenerate; to become depraved; a fall from grace; a fall into sin or depravity
- 角落 - jiǎo luò - nook; corner
- 冷落 - lěng luò - desolate; unfrequented; to treat sb coldly; to snub; to cold shoulder;
- 落成 - luò chéng - to complete a construction project
- 落实 - luò shí - practical; workable; to implement; to carry out; to decide
- 落后 - luò hòu - to fall behind; to lag (in technology etc); backward; to retrogress
槛 (檻)
kan3 - door sill/threshold
门槛 - threshold
- poker新手提现门槛2.0实验数据分析
跨
kuà4 -
Means to stride over, to span, to extend across, or to surpass. It is often used in physical movement, industries, and cross-border/international contexts
跨年 - New year
* 你跨年干嘛
跨 - kuà - to step across; to stride over; to straddle; to span
* 她一跨出汽车，照相机就开始咔嚓咔嚓地响成一片 - Cameras started clicking as soon as she stepped out of the car.
* 他跨上马骑走了 - He mounted his horse and rode off
跨国 (跨國)
*
跨越
*
盈
yíng - Does not change from traditional
Basic Meaning of 盈:
- To Be Full or Overflowing: Describes something that is full, abundant, or even overflowing.
* 盈满 (yíng mǎn): Completely full.
* 杯中盈满了水 - “The cup is filled with water.” - Excess or Surplus: Refers to having more than enough or a surplus.
* 盈余 (yíng yú): Surplus or profit.
(Common in finance)
* 公司今年有很大的盈余 - “The company has a large surplus this year.” - Joyful or Satisfied (Figurative):
Can imply happiness or contentment.
* 笑容盈盈 (xiàoróng yíng yíng): Smiling with a joyful expression.
她总是笑容盈盈，充满自信 - “She always has a joyful smile and is full of confidence.”
热泪盈眶 - rè lèi yíng kuàng - eyes brimming with tears of excitement (idiom); extremely moved
盈利 - yíng lì - profit; gain
* 连续盈利用户分析 - “Analysis of Continuously Profitable Users”
挣
Traditional: 掙
zheng1 - struggle
zheng4 - to earn/to make (money)
- 挣扎 (掙扎)
- 挣 (掙)
- 挣钱 (掙錢)
哲
zhé - It does not change from traditional
Represents wisdom, intelligence, and deep understanding.
It is often associated with people who think deeply about life, existence, and ethical dilemmas.
哲学 (哲學) - Phylosophy
哲学家 (哲學家) - Phylosopher
哲理 - 哲理 (zhé lǐ) – Philosophical reasoning, wisdom / Example: 这部电影充满了深刻的哲理 / “This movie is full of deep philosophical reasoning.”
哲人 - Thinker/Wise/Phylosopher
库
庫 - ku4
Conveys the idea of a place for storing things, such as a warehouse or a database.
- 车库 - chē kù - garage
- 仓库 - cāng kù - depot; storehouse; warehouse
- 文库 - wén kù - A library, literary collection, or archive of written works （国家文库 (National archives) ensure the preservation of a country’s history, literature, and official records) - 中国哲学文库 (Chinese Philosophical Archive - A collection of Chinese philosophical works, including classic and modern texts)
包
bāo - is a pictograph representing a baby wrapped in cloth, which gives the idea of wrapping, enclosing, or containing.
It later evolved to mean bags, parcels, and guarantees.
包裹 - bāo guǒ - wrap up; bind up; bundle; parcel; package; CL:个
包含 - bāo hán - to contain; to embody; to include
包括 - bāo kuò - to comprise; to include; to involve; to incorporate; to consist of
包庇 - bāo bì - to shield; to harbor; to cover up
包袱 - bāo fu - cloth-wrapper; a bundle wrapped in cloth; load; weight; burden
包围 - bāo wéi - to surround; to encircle; to hem in
* 我的房子被酒店包围了
包装 - bāo zhuāng - package; pack
裹
驾
First, know the difference to 骂
jià 4 - 駕 in traditional
驾 conveys the idea of controlling or guiding a vehicle, horse, or any form of transport. Meaning: To drive, to ride, to pilot, to control; also used as a respectful form of address for someone of high status.
- 劳驾 - láo jià - excuse me
- 驾驶 - jià shǐ - to pilot (ship, airplane etc); to drive
- 驾照 (駕照) - drivers licensce
- 驾车 (駕車)
腾
téng 2 - 騰 in traditional
- 沸腾 - fèi téng - boiling; ebullition
- 折腾 - zhē teng - to toss from side to side (e.g. sleeplessly); to repeat sth over and over again; to torment sb; to play crazy
- 奔腾 (奔騰)
- 腾讯 (騰訊)
宫
宫 (gōng) primarily refers to palaces, grand buildings, and enclosed structures. It is also used in cultural, architectural, and medical contexts.
- Original Meaning & Evolution
宫 originally depicted a large enclosed building with multiple rooms in ancient Chinese scripts.
It was primarily associated with imperial palaces, temples, and grand halls in historical contexts.
Over time, it expanded to include various enclosed structures, musical tones, and anatomical terms.
白宫 - White house
炸
zhà - Does not change from traditional
Commonly associated with explosions or frying. It has both literal and metaphorical uses in modern Chinese
裂
liè - Does not change from traditional
Primarily refers to cracking, splitting, or breaking apart. It is often used in both literal (physical breakage) and figurative (conflict, division) contexts.
Original Meaning & Evolution
裂 consists of:
* 衣 (yī, clothing radical) – originally used in early scripts, later evolving to represent something being torn.
* 列 (liè, to arrange, to separate) – suggesting division or breaking into parts.
Originally, it described something breaking into pieces, and over time, it expanded to include social divisions, conflicts, and ruptures.
分裂
天崩地裂
撕裂
裂
绪
xù4 - 緒
Conveys the idea of threads leading to something—a beginning, a clue, or an emotional state.
- 情绪 - qíng xù - feeling; sentiment; CL:种[zhong3]
- 头绪
波
Bo1 - Does not change from traditional
(Different to 玻, which is for 玻璃)
Represents waves or ripples on the water, and by extension, fluctuations, movements, or disturbances in various contexts.
奔波
宁波 (寧波) - Ningbo city
奔
bēn1 - It does not change from tradtional
- 大 (dà) – A person with arms stretched out.
- 卉 (huì) – Originally referred to grass or plants, suggesting movement across the land.
Together, 奔 conveys the act of running, rushing, or moving quickly towards a destination.
- 奔波 - bēn bō - rush about; be busy running about
- 奔驰 - bēn chí - to run quickly; to travel quickly; to move fast; Mercedes-Benz, German car make
- ben1 - to hurry/to rush/to run quickly/to elope
- ben4 - to go to/to head for/towards
留
liú2 - Does not change from traditional
To stay, to remain, to keep, to retain, to leave behind, to reserve. It is intetional as opposed to 剩 (To be left over, remain Unintentional leftovers). Also different to 存 which implies to store, deposit, or exist
- 保留 - bǎo liú - to preserve; to maintain; to retain; to continue to have; to reserve; reservations; to hold back (approval or acceptance)
- 残留 - cán liú - to remain; left over; surplus; remnant
- 拘留 - jū liú - to detain (a prisoner); to keep sb in custody
- 留恋 - liú liàn - reluctant to leave; to hate to have to go; to recall fondly
- 留念 - liú niàn - to keep as a souvenir; to recall fondly
- 留神 - liú shén - to take care; to be careful
存
cun2 - It does not change from traditional
to exist/to deposit/to store/to keep/to survive
存储 (存儲)
存在
生存
险
xiǎn - 險 in traditional chinese
Originally, it referred to steep cliffs or dangerous terrains, later expanding to include dangerous situations, risks, and threats in broader context
danger, risk, and steepness. It is widely used in contexts related to safety, financial risk, and perilous situations.
保险 (保險)
冒险 (冒險)
危险 (危險)
险 (險)
风险 (風險)
抱
bào4 - Does not change from traditional
Primarily refers to holding, embracing, carrying, or having a certain attitude or mindset. It is commonly used in both physical and metaphorical contexts.
- 抱
- 拥抱 (擁抱) - Embrace
- 怀抱 (懷抱) -
- 抱怨
- 抱抱
- 抱歉
- 抱希望 (bào xī wàng) Hold hope To expect something positive
- 抱成见 (bào chéng jiàn) Hold prejudice To have a biased opinion
悲
The character 悲 (bēi) primarily conveys sadness, sorrow, grief, and emotional pain. It is commonly used in literary, emotional, and philosophical contexts.
背
背
bèi - Back (of the body) - to turn away, betrayal, memorization (Used in physical descriptions, emotional actions, and learning)
* 后背 (hòu bèi) – back (of the body)
* 脊背 (jǐ bèi) – spine, back
* 背叛 (bèi pàn) – to betray
* 背书 (bèi shū) – to recite a text from memory
bēi - To carry on the back (Used for carrying objects or responsibilities)
* 背包 (bēi bāo) – backpack
* 背着 (bēi zhe) – carrying something on the back
质
zhì4 - (質 in traditional)
Originally referred to the innate qualities or substance of something, referring to the inherent characteristics that make up an object or concept.
质 (zhì) refers to the quality, substance, or nature of something. It can also mean characteristics, material, or the inherent traits that make up an object, product, or person.
本质 (本質) - běn zhì - essence; nature; innate character; intrinsic quality
物质 - wù zhì - matter; substance; material; materialistic; CL:个
恋
liàn - 戀
To love, to be attached to, to long for, to miss.
Character Breakdown:
* 心 (xīn) – Heart, emotion, feeling.
* 亦 (yì) – Meaning “also” or “similar,” but in this case, it contributes to the idea of a strong emotional attachment.
Together, 恋 conveys deep attachment, longing, or affection.
Words
* 恋爱 - liàn ài - (romantic) love; in love; to have an affair; CL:个
* 留恋 - liú liàn - reluctant to leave; to hate to have to go; to recall fondly
- 在国内我没什么留恋的东西
It can mean replacing something with a superior option, but it can also just mean replacing something that is no longer available or usable
替
Traditional: 替
Original Meaning: “to substitute; to act on behalf” — “代替、替换”
Actual Meaning: “used to indicate substitution, replacement, or doing something for someone else” — “表示代替、替换或为他人做某事”
Common Words:
替代 – Explanation: “to substitute or replace” — “取代或代替”
Example: 他被迫替代原来的经理.
Example: He was forced to substitute for the former manager.
替换 – Explanation: “to exchange or change one thing for another” — “把一个换成另一个”
Example: 我们需要替换旧设备.
Example: We need to replace the old equipment.
代替 – Explanation: “to stand in for or act as a representative” — “代为行事或代替”
Example: 她代替老师上课.
Example: She taught in place of the teacher.
替身 – Explanation: “body double; a substitute used in performances” — “用于替代原有人物的替身”
Example: 演员的替身完成了危险动作.
Example: The actor’s double performed the dangerous stunt.
代
dài4 - Does not change from traditional
Versatile word commonly associated with substitution, representation, generations, and historical eras. It appears in many compound words and is widely used in both formal and informal contexts.
代
代表
古代
年代
时代 (時代)
现代 (現代)
挥
hui1 - 揮
conveys the idea of waving, swinging, or freely expressing something with motion - to wave/to brandish/to wipe away/to command/to conduct/to scatter/to disperse
挥散不去
挥之不去 (揮之不去)
潜
Qián2 - 潛
Commonly associated with submersion, hiding, or potential. It is widely used in contexts related to going underwater, staying hidden, or latent abilities.
占
zhàn (traditional of 佔) or zhān (Real 占, This one for divination only and coming from traditiona)
Originally referred to divination or 占卜 (zhānbǔ), which involves predicting the future using mystical methods or signs.
占 (zhān) primarily refers to occupying a place, taking up space or seizing something. It can also refer to accounting for a certain percentage or share of something.
It is also used in the context of divination or spiritual prediction, where 占卜 (zhānbǔ) means to predict the future.
占据 - zhàn jù - to occupy; to hold
占领 - zhàn lǐng - to occupy (a territory); to hold
挥, 摆, and 摇
huī 挥 - Means to move/sway/swing (Not displace) something from one side to the other STRONG
* Extends: wielding, expressing, or spending wastefully.
bǎi 摆 - For pendulum - “Movement that involves positioning or showing”.
* Extended: Arranging, spreading out, or showing off.
yáo 摇 - Shake - “Back-and-forth or c质ontinuous movement
* Extended: rocking, or being indecisive.
富
fù4 - Does not change from traditional
Do not mistake with 福 (福建)
The character 富 (fù) originally meant “abundance” or “wealth” in the context of having ample resources, particularly food and property. It is composed of two parts:
宀 (mián): A roof, representing a house or shelter.
畐 (fú): An old form meaning “full” or “abundant,” often related to containers being filled.
This suggests that 富 originally described a house full of wealth, indicating prosperity and sufficiency.
富
丰富 (豐富)
财富 (財富)
富贵 (富貴)
铂
bo2 - Platinum also might be called 白金
饰
shi4 - 飾 in traditional
Original Meaning: The character 饰 originally meant “to decorate,” “to adorn,” or “to embellish.” It was associated with enhancing the appearance of something, such as clothing, objects, or spaces
Extended to mean
* “to disguise” or “to conceal” (e.g., 掩饰 yǎnshì, “to cover up”).
* Refers to accessories or ornaments (e.g., 首饰 shǒushì, “jewelry”)
* acting or performance (e.g., 饰演 shìyǎn, “to play a role”).
掩饰 (掩飾) - yǎn shì - to conceal a fault; to gloss over
* 掩饰错误
* 掩饰真是的意图
服饰 (服飾)
装饰 (裝飾) - zhuāng shì - to decorate; decoration; decorative; ornamental
饰品 (飾品)
首饰 - jewelry; head ornament;
矩
ju3 - carpenter’s square/rule/regulation/pattern/to carve
规矩 - guī ju - established practice; rule; customs; practices; fig. upright and honest; well-behaved; lit. compass and set square
守规矩 (守規矩)
循规蹈矩 (循規蹈矩)
扭矩
矩阵 (矩陣)
* BingSmash最新胜率矩阵检验和sms-iOS修正
征
zheng1 - Does not change from traditional
Originally carried a military or expeditionary meaning. In ancient texts and etymological sources, it was primarily associated with
zheng1 - journey/trip/expedition/to go on long campaign/to attack
zheng1 - to request/to impose (taxes)/to levy (troops)/to draft (for military service)/phenomenon/symptom/characteristic sign (used as proof)/evidence
征战 (征戰)
征服
征程
征集 (徵集)
特征 (特徵)
象征 (象徵)
正
zhèng - Does not change from traditional
zhèng (4th Tone) – Most Common - Meaning: Straight, correct, main, in progress, just
zheng1 - first month of the lunar year
The character 正 is very ancient and originally meant “upright” or “correct”. It comes from oracle bone script (甲骨文) and bronze inscriptions (金文), where it depicted a foot (止) stepping forward in a straight and orderly way. This suggests moving correctly or being in the right position.
✅ Original meaning → “Upright, correct, straight, proper”
✅ Now used for → Right vs. wrong, fairness, main things, and things in progress
It can be used alone
- 正 - zhèng - upright; centrally located; (of time or figure) exactly; precisely; correct; positive (maths); (of taste) pure
- 反正 - fǎn zhèng - to put things back in order; to return to the correct path; in any event; come what may; whatever happens (I’m still sure it’s right); anyway
- 改正 - gǎi zhèng - to correct; to amend; to put right; correction; CL:个
- 端正 - duān zhèng - upright; regular; proper; correct
- 更正 - gēng zhèng - to correct; to make a correction
- 正式 - Formal
真正
证
zheng4 (證 in traditional Chinese)
originally means “to prove” or “evidence”. It is made up of two parts:
- 言 (yán) = Speech, words → Related to speaking or statements.
保证 (保證)
证件 - zhèng jiàn - certificate; credentials
证据 - zhèng jù - evidence; proof; testimony
政整征症
整 - zhěng3 - Does not change from traditional
Carries the core meaning of “to arrange,” “to organize,” “to put in order,” or “to make whole.” It is widely used in both literal and figurative contexts and can refer to tidying, completing, or correcting something.
整个 (整個)
催
cuī - to urge; to press; to prompt; to rush sb; to hasten sth; to expedite
✅ Meaning: To urge someone to do something, push them to act faster, or remind them.
✅ Usage: It is a general verb that means to hurry someone but doesn’t necessarily mean repeatedly or forcefully urging.
催 only
💡 Key idea: 催 is simple and direct—just telling or reminding someone to hurry.
* 你慢慢来，我不催你
* 也有合理的父母。但是催孩子谈恋爱结婚可能是90%
* 因为家里人催得急，叫我快点上班
催 (cuī) = Urge
得 (de) = Describes how the urging is done
急 (jí) = In a rushed, anxious way
→ This means the urging is too fast, too intense, or making someone anxious.
催 = “Hey, can you do it?” (A simple reminder)
催促
💡Key idea: 催促 is more forceful, insistent, and persistent than 催. It often suggests a sense of urgency or repeated urging.
* 他说他怕我过的不幸福，他又想催促我结婚
* 你们西班牙的父母会不会催促孩子谈恋爱结婚
催促 = “Come on, hurry up! You need to do it now!” (More persistent and serious urging)
档
dang4 - 檔 in traditional (Since 当 is 當)
The character is composed of the “木” (wood) radical and the phonetic element “当.” In its earliest usage, 檔 referred to a wooden board, barrier, or partition. Such a board was used to separate or protect spaces—for example, as a divider in a structure or as a shutter-like object that blocked or controlled passage.
Implication of Division or Classification:
Because the original object physically divided or organized space, it naturally carried the idea of separation and categorization. This practical function laid the groundwork for its later, more abstract applications.
Over time, the concept of a “divider” evolved into a broader range of meanings in modern Chinese:
- Records and Archives: 档案 (dàng’àn),
- Mechanical Settings: 档位 (dàngwèi): In automotive or machinery contexts, 档 denotes a gear or a position in a mechanism (such as first gear, second gear, etc.). Here, the idea of distinct “positions” or “states” can be seen as a modern extension of the concept of divisions or compartments.
- Stalls or Counters: 档口 (dàngkǒu): This term is used for a booth or a stall (often in a market), where the space is clearly divided and designated for a particular seller or purpose.
搭档 (搭檔) - (da1dang4) cooperate/work together (搭 kind of means to unite
文档 (文檔) - Document/File - Usage: Used for physical documents (such as printed papers) as well as digital files on computers.
档案 (檔案) - Archives/record - Usage: Refers to collections of recorded information, often historical or administrative, that have been systematically organized and stored.
高档 (高檔) - Meaning: “High-end,” “upscale,” or “high-grade.” - Usage: Describes products, services, or establishments that belong to a higher quality or status category.
协
xie2 - 協
It originally carried the sense of “joining together” or “coming into agreement,” emphasizing the idea of cooperative action and mutual support. Over time, its meaning expanded, and today it is a key element in many compound words related to cooperation, coordination, and harmony.
协助 (協助)
协奏曲 (協奏曲)
协会 (協會) - xié huì - an association; a society; CL:个,家[jia1]
协调 (協調) - xié tiáo - to coordinate; to harmonize; negotiation
协议 (協議)
妥协 (妥協)
政协 (政協)
齐心协力
qí xīn xié lì to work with a common purpose (idiom); to make concerted efforts; to pull together; to work as one
紧
jǐn3 - 緊
Commonly used to express tightness, urgency, strictness, or closeness. It appears frequently in everyday language, business, and emergency situations.
紧 (緊)
紧张 (緊張)
赶紧 (趕緊)
赶
gan3 - 趕 in traditional chinese
It primarily refers to to catch up, to hurry, or to drive (away)
赶 (趕)
赶快 (趕快)
赶紧 (趕緊)
妥
tuǒ - Does not change from traditional
primarily refers to being appropriate, suitable, proper, or settled. It often describes something that is arranged, handled, or dealt with in a way that is fitting or satisfactory.
妥协 (妥協)
不妥
妥善
汇
hui4 (匯 in traditional)
In ancient Chinese, it referred to the flow of water coming together, such as rivers merging into a larger body of water. Over time, its meaning expanded to include concepts like aggregation, collection, or the transfer of funds (e.g., remittance). In modern usage, it often relates to financial transactions or the exchange of resources.
- hui4 - remit/to converge (of rivers)/to exchange
- hui4 - class/collection
汇款 (匯款) - Remit money
汇率 (匯率) - Exchange rate
汇 (匯)
汇报 (匯報)
汇聚 (匯聚)
外汇 (外匯)
词汇 (詞匯)
值
zhí2 (Does not change from traditional)
值 originally referred to the idea of “to be worth” or “to have value,” particularly in the sense of something being of monetary or intrinsic worth.
值 today retains the meaning of “value” or “worth,” but it has expanded in its usage. It can refer to:
- The value of something (e.g., in terms of money, worth, or importance).
- The concept of something “being worth” doing or happening (e.g., “It’s worth it”).
- A value in mathematics or measurements.
- It can also be used in a more abstract sense, such as “worthiness” or “merit.”
- 价值 - jià zhí - value; worth; fig. values (ethical, cultural etc); CL:个
(价值观 (價值觀) system of values) - 充值 and 充值卡
- 值得
获
huò - 4
Obtain/Receive/Win: It primarily refers to obtaining something or winning something through effort or luck.
收获 - shōu huò - harvest; results; gains
查获 - chá huò - to investigate and capture (a criminal); to ferret out; to hunt down and arrest
箱
xiang1 - Does not change from traditional
Meaning: Box, chest, crate
Usage: Refers to a larger or bulkier container used for storing items, often used for storage, transportation, or heavy-duty purposes.
Shape: Generally rectangular or square, often with a lid or a top that can be opened.
箱 (xiāng) is used for larger containers designed for heavier storage or transportation.
盒 (hé) is used for smaller, more compact boxes intended for smaller items like gifts, food, or medicine.
冰箱 - Refrigerator
箱 - 箱子 -
翻箱倒柜 (翻箱倒櫃) - Search thoroughly
盒
盒 (hé) is used for smaller, more compact boxes intended for smaller items like gifts, food, or medicine.
扩
kuò4 - 擴 is the traditional version
Primarily means to expand, to broaden, or to extend. It is commonly used in contexts related to increasing size, influence, or scope.
扩建 (擴建)
扩张 (擴張)
奖
jiang3 - 獎
Refers to award, prize, or reward. It is commonly used in contexts related to recognition, competition, and incentivization.
Like
* Award or prize given for an achievement or as recognition of someone’s work.
* Reward: It can also refer to a reward given for a particular action or effort.
奖 (獎)
* 大奖 (大獎)
* 年终奖
奖励 (獎勵)
奖品 (獎品)
奖杯 - Cup / Trophy
奖金 (獎金) - Bonus
直
Zhi2 - Does not change from traditional
Primarily means straight, direct, or upright, both in a literal and figurative sense. It is used in various contexts related to physical direction, behavior, attitude, and even logical reasoning.
直觉
一直
直
直接
直播
简直 (簡直) - Simply, practically
商
Shang1 - Does not change from traditional
Originally referred to a type of measuring tool in ancient China. Over time, it evolved to mean calculating, measuring, and making commercial exchanges.
商务 (商務)
商品
商城
商场 (商場)
商业 (商業)
情商
智商
工商
越
yue4 - Does not change from traditional
越南
跨越
颗
kē
块 (kuài) is typically for larger, irregular chunks or pieces that are substantial in size or bulk. It conveys the idea of a bigger unit of something.
For example, a piece of cake, a piece of land, or a block of wood.
颗 (kē) is used for small, round, or individual items, often things that are countable and discrete in nature.
For example, a grain of rice, a seed, a bead, or a pearl.
5. Summary:
Use 块 (kuài) for larger chunks or pieces that are more substantial and irregular.
Use 颗 (kē) for small, round objects or countable units, especially when they are tiny.
裁
✂️ cái2 - Does not change from traditional
Main meanings:
* To cut (especially cloth)
* To judge / decide
* To trim / control
You must connect to new data and will include further use of language into the system.
Originally:
裁 meant “to cut cloth” — specifically to tailor.
Over time, that idea of cutting precisely and skillfully was extended to:
Making decisions (like “cutting” through options)
Judging fairly (裁判 = referee/judge)
High Frequency
剪裁 - Tailor
总裁 (總裁) - President
裁判 -
Medium Frequency
别出心裁 (別出心裁)
制裁
副总裁 (副總裁) - Vice-president
采
Simplified represents 2 traditional characters: 採 and 采
採 cai3 - to pick/to pluck/to collect/to select/to choose/to gather
采 - cai3 - color/complexion/looks/variant of 採|采[cai3]
採
Most commonly used to express the action of gathering, selecting, or extracting something. It can refer to physical activities like picking flowers, or more abstract actions like adopting a method or gathering data
采 (採)
采取 (採取)
采用 (採用)
采访 (採訪)
采购 (採購)
采
风采 (風采)
彩
cai3 - does not change from traditional
补
bǔ - 補 in traditional
Commonly associated with repairing, replenishing, making up for something, or supplementing. It is used in both literal (fixing something) and figurative (compensating for a loss) contexts.
弥补 (彌補)
补 (補)
补充 (補充) - to replenish; to supplement; to complement; additional; supplementary; CL:个
补课 (補課)
补过
拼
pin1 - Does not change from traditional
Originally, it meant to piece together or combine things manually. Over time, it also took on meanings of striving hard, making sacrifices, and taking risks.
- 拼音 - pīn yīn - pinyin (Chinese romanization); phonetic writing
- 打拼 - Generally means to work hard, struggle, or strive persistently
- 拼搏 - pīn bó - to struggle; to wrestle
- 拼命 - pīn mìng - to do one’s utmost; with all one’s might; at all costs; (to work or fight) as if one’s life depends on it
烂
làn (爛 in traditional chinese)
The character 烂 (làn) is often associated with rotting, breaking down, or being of poor quality
- 灿烂 (燦爛)
- 烂 (爛)
- 海枯石烂 (海枯石爛)
- 摆烂
势
shi4 - 勢 in traditional
Power, momentum, influence, and situations. It is widely used in politics, business, strategy, and natural forces.
勢 consists of:
* 埶 (yì, skill/power, related to control) – indicating power or force.
* 力 (lì, strength) – reinforcing the concept of strength or force.
Originally, it referred to natural force, momentum, or influence in a situation. Over time, it came to describe power dynamics, trends, and authority.
搞
commonly used in casual spoken language. It generally means “to do,” “to engage in,” “to get,” or “to make”, but its exact meaning depends on the context.
(1) To Do / To Work On (General Action)
* 你最近在搞什么？
* 搞工作
(2) To Make / To Create (Producing an Outcome)
* 搞笑 (gǎo xiào) – to be funny, to make jokes
* 搞活动 (gǎo huó dòng) – to organize an event
* 搞定 (gǎo dìng) – to settle, to resolve
(3) To Get / To Obtain (Acquiring Something)
* 搞钱 (gǎo qián) – to make/get money
(4) To Cause / To Mess With (Negative Connotation)
搞 - Alone
搞定
* 我来搞定这个问题 → “I’ll take care of this issue.”
搞笑
缓
爰 is different to 爱， but similar to 暖
huan3 - slow/unhurried/sluggish/gradual/not tense/relaxed/to postpone/to defer/to stall/to stave off/to revive/to recuperate
缓 (緩)
缓慢 (緩慢)
缓缓 (緩緩)
缓解 (緩解)
舒缓 (舒緩)
惹
re3 - Does not change from traditional
The character 惹 (rě) primarily means “to provoke,” “to offend,” or “to cause trouble.” It is commonly used in both positive and negative contexts, but it often has a negative connotation
It is a character that is used alone, then it can be combined with others
你惹我生气了！(Nǐ rě wǒ shēng qì le!)
→ “You made me angry!”
惹事 - To cause trouble - Creating issues, causing conflict.
惹人 -
惹火 - 惹火 (rě huǒ) - To stir up trouble Literally “to provoke fire,” meaning to provoke trouble or anger.
招惹
若
ruo4 - Does not change from traditional
to seem/like/as/if
亲
qīn1 - 親 in traditional
meanings related to closeness, relationship, or intimacy, but it can also indicate kinship or affection in certain contexts.
相亲 (相親) - Arranged blind date
父亲
母亲
亲密 - 亲密关系
亲爱
亲切
亲自
切
Does not change from traditional
qie1 - to cut/to slice/tangent (math)
qie4 - definitely/absolutely (not)/(scoffing or dismissive interjection) Yeah, right./Tut!/to grind/close to/eager/to correspond to/see also 反切[fan3 qie4]
一切
切换 (切換)
追
zhui1 - Does not change from traditional
to chase after/to seek/to do one’s utmost to seek or procure sth/to recall
求
qiú2 - Does not change from traditional
Primarily means to seek, ask for, or demand something. It has a variety of uses, including as a verb, noun, and in compound phrases.
便
Does not change from traditional
Biàn4 – Most Common Pronunciation
Meaning: This pronunciation is the most common and has several meanings, as we discussed earlier. It typically refers to something that is convenient, easy, or favorable. It can also refer to urination or defecation in specific contexts.
pian2 - advantageous/cheap
轨
guǐ3 - 軌 in traditional
Primarily refers to tracks, paths, or rules and is often used metaphorically to indicate guidelines, norms, or established patterns.
Originally, it referred to the tracks left by carts or wagons, later expanding to include railway tracks, guiding principles, or patterns of behavior.
出轨
轨迹 (軌跡)
轨道 (軌道)
轻轨 (輕軌)
谅
liàng4 - 諒 in traditional
Means to forgive or understand in the sense of showing tolerance or accepting someone’s situation, even if there is a fault or mistake involved.
Only two words:
* High Frequency 原谅 (原諒)
* Medium Frequency 体谅 (體諒)
彰
zhāng1 - Does not change from traditional
彰 means to display, to manifest, or to highlight something clearly. It is often used to describe the action of making something stand out or become noticeable.
- 彰显 (彰顯) - “To demonstrate,” “to highlight,” or “to show clearly.”
- 表彰
- 欲盖弥彰 (欲蓋彌彰) - yu4 gai4 mi2 zhang1
Definition: trying to hide it makes it more conspicuous (idiom); A cover up only makes matters worse.
惊
jīng1- 驚 in traditional
Means to shock, startle, or surprise someone. It refers to a strong emotional reaction to something unexpected or sudden.
惊喜 (驚喜)
惊心 (驚心)
惊醒 (驚醒)
惊魂 (驚魂)
悬
xuán2 - 懸 in traditional
Primarily means to hang or to suspend something in the air, usually indicating that something is hanging or suspended above a surface or from a height.
Can also refer to a state of uncertainty or suspense, where something is left unresolved or in a state of suspension, often leading to a feeling of anxiety or anticipation.
悬崖 (懸崖)
悬念 (懸念) - Suspense in a movie
赖
lài4 (賴 in traditional)
- Primarily means to rely on or to depend on something or someone. It suggests a state of depending on others or something for support, often implying a lack of independence.
- 他总是赖着我。 (Tā zǒng shì lài zhe wǒ) – “He always depends on me.”
- Can also mean to blame or accuse someone for something, often in the sense of shifting responsibility onto them.
- sometimes used in a negative context to indicate someone who is lazy or doesn’t take responsibility, especially in informal or colloquial contexts
- 赖 can also mean stubborn or persist in something, implying someone who stubbornly insists on something even if it’s unreasonable or unhelpful.
他赖着不走。 (Tā lài zhe bù zǒu) – “He insists on not leaving.”
Words
* 依赖 (依賴)
* 赖 (賴)
* 赖床 (賴床)
* 信赖 (信賴)
* 死皮赖脸 (死皮賴臉)
* 无赖 (無賴)
* 耍赖 (耍賴)
卷
(1) juǎn3 (third tone) — To roll up, to curl, to coil
This is the more common pronunciation and refers to actions involving rolling, curling, or coiling something.
(2) juàn4 (fourth tone) — Booklet, volume, exam paper
This pronunciation is often used in formal or academic contexts to refer to documents, volumes, or test papers.
考试卷 (kǎo shì juàn) – exam paper
交卷 (jiāo juàn) – to hand in an exam paper
奉
Fèng4 - does not change from traditional
Carries the core meanings of “to offer,” “to present respectfully,” and “to serve.” It is often used in formal, respectful, or honorific contexts and can also imply dedication or submission.
奉上
奉献 (奉獻)
献
Xiàn4 - 獻,
“To offer,” “to present,” “to dedicate,” or “to contribute.” It often carries a sense of selflessness or respectful giving and is commonly used in both formal and everyday contexts.
奉献 (奉獻)
贡献 (貢獻)
封
Feng1 - surname Feng
feng1 - to confer/to grant/to bestow a title/to seal/classifier for sealed objects, esp. letters
绝
jue2 - 絕 in traditional
Litteral, originally meant “to sever,” “to cut off,” or “to interrupt.” The character is often associated with something being cut or separated.
Can also mean extreme or absolute, often referring to the extreme degree of something.
拒绝 (拒絕)
绝 (絕)
绝对 (絕對)
绝望 (絕望)
“卓绝” (zhuójué): Extraordinary, unparalleled.
乱
luan4 - 亂 in traditional
In confusion or disorder/in a confused state of mind/disorder/upheaval/riot/illicit sexual relations/to throw into disorder/to mix up/indiscriminate/random/arbitrary
乱 (亂)
乱世 (亂世)
胡思乱想 (胡思亂想)
胡言乱语 (胡言亂語)
泪
lei4 - 淚
Tears
* 流泪 (流淚)
* 泪 (淚)
* 眼泪 (眼淚)
* 泪流满面 (淚流滿面)
伤
shāng1 - In traditional
General meaning of “to injure”, “to wound”, or “to hurt.” It can be used in both literal and figurative contexts. It can be used to describe both literal injuries (e.g., from an accident) and metaphorical harm (e.g., heartbreak or emotional pain).
- 伤 (傷)
- 伤害 (傷害)
- 伤心 (傷心)
- 受伤 (受傷)
- 悲伤 (悲傷)
- 忧伤 (憂傷)
擦
ca1 - Does not change from traditional
to wipe/to erase/rubbing (brush stroke in painting)/to clean/to polish
All related to wipe: 摩擦 擦干 (擦乾)擦亮 擦拭 擦掉 擦洗 橡皮擦
肩
jian1 - Does not change from traditional
shoulder/to shoulder (responsibilities etc)
- 擦肩而过
- 肩膀
- 并肩 (並肩)
- 单肩包 (單肩包)
- 披肩
察
cha2 - does not change from traditional
宀 (roof), 月 (moon), 卩 (seal), 示 (sign)
to examine/to inquire/to observe/to inspect/to look into/obvious/clearly evident
观察 (觀察)
警察 - police
双
雙
Shuang1 - surname Shuang
shuang1 - two/double/pair/both
迷
mí2 - Does not change from traditional
Several meanings, including “to be lost,” “to be confused,” or “to be obsessed.”
It can describe both literal confusion (like being lost) and emotional or mental obsession (such as being a fan or deeply fascinated by something).
Originally, the character referred to losing one’s way but has expanded to include mental confusion and emotional obsession.
1. The radical 辶 (chuò) means “to walk” or “to move,” indicating movement or wandering.
2. The phonetic component 米 (mǐ) adds to its pronunciation.
迷人
迷失
迷幻
迷茫
睛
jing1 - eye/eyeball
It only has 眼睛
影
yǐng - Does not change from traditional Chinese
影 (yǐng) primarily means “shadow,” “reflection,” or “image.” It can also be used metaphorically to refer to influence, traces, or movies (as in “film”).
影响 (影響)
影响力 (影響力)
摄影 (攝影)
电影 (電影)
透
tou4 - Does not change from traditional -
Literally mean to penetrate, to pass through, or to go through something. It refers to something that goes beyond a surface or is seen clearly.
It can also mean transparent, clear, or obvious, especially when referring to information, feelings, or clarity of a situation. It can also mean to reveal. It can be used in a more colloquial sense to mean fully or thoroughly, often implying something is done to completion or in great detail.
In 透不过气, 透 metaphorically refers to the inability to pass through the air or breathe freely, symbolizing a feeling of being overwhelmed or suffocated, either physically or emotionally.
珍
zhēn1 - Does not change from traditional
Primarily means “precious” or “valuable.” It conveys a sense of rarity, importance, and high value, both in a material and metaphorical sense.
珍惜
珍爱 (珍愛)
珍珠
珍藏
珍贵 (珍貴)
珍重
许
xǔ3 - (許)
Several meanings, including “to allow,” “to permit,” “to promise,” and “perhaps”. It is a versatile character used in both formal and casual contexts.
Historically, 许 carried the idea of speaking with consent or making a promise. Over time, it expanded to include meanings like permission and possibility.
High Frequency
也许 (也許)或许 (或許)许多 (許多)
Medium Frequency
不许 (不許)些许 (些許)允许 (允許)少许 (少許)许 (許)许下 (許下)许久 (許久)许愿 (許願)
禁
jìn - Does not change from traditional (None of the pronounciations)
jin1 - to endure
jin4 - to prohibit/to forbid
Meaning： “to prohibit” or “to forbid.” It refers to something that is restricted, banned, or not allowed.
完
wan2 - to finish/to be over/whole/complete/entire
Does not change from traditional
驶
shǐ3 - 駛 in traditional
驶 (shǐ): To drive, to sail, to speed, to travel.
Originally, 驶 referred to driving horse-drawn carriages, but over time it extended to include modern transportation like cars, ships, and even metaphorical movement.
行驶 (行駛) - To travel around a route
驾驶 (駕駛) - To pilot
忧
yōu1 - 憂 in tradtional
憂 - carries the core meaning of “worry,” “concern,” or “anxiety.” It is used to express feelings of unease, distress, or deep concern about something, whether related to personal matters, others, or broader issues like society and the futur
忧伤 (憂傷)
忧郁 (憂鬱) - depresion
倦
juan4 - Does not change from traditional
倦 (juàn): Tired, weary, fatigued.
厌倦 (厭倦)
倦怠
困倦
疲倦
款
kuǎn3
In summary, 款 is a versatile character in Chinese that can refer to money, payment, model, type, or even the act of entertaining. It has important applications in financial, commercial, and social contexts.
疲
pí2 - Does not change from traditional
黄
huáng2 - Does not change from traditional
昏
hūn1 - Does not change from tradtional
Has the meaning of dusk, twilight, faint, or confused. It is often used to describe the dimming light of day or a state of being unconscious or mentally unclear.
昏 黄昏 (黃昏)
割
gē1 - does not change from traditional
Primarily refers to the physical act of cutting or slicing. It can also be used metaphorically to describe emotional separation or difficult decisions, such as parting with something or severing a relationship. The character often carries a sense of division or separation, whether it is physical or emotional. In modern usage, it appears in a variety of contexts, from simple actions like cutting an object to more complex emotional scenarios involving sacrifice or severance.
他割了一个苹果。
(Tā gēle yīgè píngguǒ.)
→ “He cut an apple.”
割肉 (gē ròu) – “To cut flesh” (could also be used metaphorically to represent a painful decision).
割 (gē): Focuses on the act of severing or dividing (can be metaphorical).
切 (qiē): Focuses on slicing or cutting into smaller pieces, often with precision and control.
In short, 割 is often about severing or dividing, and 切 is about slicing or chopping. 割 can have a more permanent or emotional context, while 切 is often more practical and precise.
散
sàn4 - Does not change from traditional
Primarily means scatter, disperse, spread out, or distribute. It can also carry the meaning of relaxing or breaking up in certain contexts.
散
散步
散发 (散發)
柔
rou2 - Does not change from traditional
柔 itself means soft, gentle, flexible, or mild. It is used to describe things that are physically pliable or have a soft touch.
Also has metaphorical connotations. It can describe a personality or approach that is gentle, tender, or kind.
柔软 (柔軟)
温柔 (溫柔)
温
wen1 - 溫
Primarily means “warm” or “temperature.” It is often used in various contexts related to warmth, temperature, and comfort.
气温 (氣溫)
温度 (溫度)
温暖 (溫暖)
温柔 (溫柔)
温泉 (溫泉)
温馨 (溫馨)
真
zhen1 - really/truly/indeed/real/true/genuine
Does not change from traditional
委
wěi3 - Does not change from traditional
Carries the meanings of entrust, delegate, assign, or appoint. It can also have a broader sense of indulge or submit in certain contexts.
中纪委 (中紀委)
委
委内瑞拉 (委內瑞拉) - Venezuela
委员 (委員)
委员会 (委員會)
屈
Qu1 - surname Qu
qu1 - bent/to feel wronged
委屈
屈
屈原
屈服
陷念
niàn4 - Does not change from traditional
Originally conveys the meaning of thinking, remembering, or reflecting, implying that thoughts arise in the heart/mind in the present moment.
It has a variety of meanings, including “to think,” “to read aloud,” “to miss,” or “to memorize.” It is a versatile word with both literal and figurative meanings.
念
思念
想念
怀念 (懷念)
竟
jing4 - unexpectedly/actually/to go so far as to/indeed
竟然
毕竟 (畢竟)
究竟
竟
境镜鏡獍竸
阱
jǐng3
Primarily refers to a “trap” or “pitfall.” It is commonly used to describe both literal and metaphorical traps.
It only appears with the word 陷阱
* 陷阱 - xiàn jǐng - pitfall; snare; trap;
爱的陷阱 - Trap of love
官
guān
It is different from 管 (管理)
Oracle bone script (甲骨文): The character originally depicted a building or structure, representing an official’s office.
Over time, it evolved to mean government officials or people in authoritative positions.
Government official; public servant
Example: 官员 (guān yuán) → government official
Example: 高官 (gāo guān) → high-ranking official
Public or official-related matters
Example: 官方 (guān fāng) → official (e.g., official statement)
Example: 官职 (guān zhí) → official position
Metaphorical uses in modern language:
官宣 (guān xuān) → “officially announced” (common in media)
官配 (guān pèi) → “officially endorsed pairing” (e.g., in gaming, movies, relationships)
Used in company or website contexts:
官网 (guān wǎng) → official website
激
jī1 - Does not change from traditional
Primarily means to excite, to stimulate, or to provoke. It has a sense of intense action or movement, often associated with forceful or vigorous change or emotion.
刺激
激动 (激動)
激情
激进
进
jin4 - to advance/to enter
進 in traditional
梓
zi3 - Does not change from traditional
You will see it in names of things
梓童 - Apellation of the empress by the emperor
吴敬梓 (吳敬梓)
桐梓
君
jun1 - monarch/lord/gentleman/ruler
端
duān
Typically refers to something end or point of an object, particularly the end of a long or thin object.
Methaphorically can refer to:
- Beginning or origin, particularly in metaphorical contexts.
- cause or reason, again in a more metaphorical or abstract context.
极端 - (jí duān) - Extreme
端午节 - [duān wǔ jié] - Dragon boat festival
客户端 (客戶端)
端 - It can be used alone
尖
jiān1 - Does not change from traditional
“尖” is generally considered to have originated as a pictograph depicting the tip of a tool or weapon, emphasizing its sharp and pointed nature. Its structure visually suggests the idea of an acute point, and over time it evolved into the standard form used to denote sharpness or a pointed end
尖端 (jiān duān):
Used to refer to cutting-edge technology or trends, a term often found in conversations about gadgets, innovations, and modern tech.
尖子 (jiān zi):
Commonly used to describe a top student or someone who is exceptionally talented in a certain field.
尖椒 (jiān jiāo):
While literally meaning “chili pepper,” this term appears frequently in daily conversations about food, especially in regions where spicy cuisine is popular.
尖叫 (jiān jiào):
Means “to scream,” and is often used in informal contexts to describe an intense, excited, or startled reaction—an expression that resonates in online chats or social media posts.
These usages demonstrate how “尖” extends from its basic meaning of “sharp” into various modern expressions that highlight excellence, modernity, or emotional intensity in everyday youth language.
尖
尖叫
高精尖
盟
méng2 - Does not change from traditional
Refers to an alliance or pact, particularly in contexts of mutual cooperation or formal agreements between parties.
It is often used in historical, political, or business contexts to describe formal alliances.
加盟
同盟
欧盟 (歐盟) - European Union
联盟 (聯盟)
侠
First of all notice the difference 夹 to 来
侠 (xiá) - “Hero” or “chivalrous person.”
A 侠 refers to a chivalrous or righteous person who follows a code of honor, often involving martial arts. They are usually depicted as selfless, helping the weak and fighting against injustice, typically outside the formal laws of society. The 侠 figure is often associated with being somewhat of an outsider, operating by their own set of rules to maintain justice.
Context: The term 侠 is often used in martial arts stories and traditional Chinese literature, especially those in the Wuxia (武侠) genre, which focuses on knights-errant and wandering heroes. A 侠 is someone who takes justice into their own hands, often going against established authority for the greater good.
侠客 (俠客)
大侠 (大俠)
武侠 (武俠)
神雕
侠侣 (神雕俠侶)
It is used for super-heros like DC or Marvel
蜘蛛侠 (蜘蛛俠) - Spiderman
蝙蝠侠 (蝙蝠俠) - Batman
Different to 英雄
英雄 refers to a hero in a more general sense, someone who demonstrates courage, strength, and outstanding qualities, typically in the face of adversity. An 英雄 can be a person who stands out due to their achievements or leadership, often recognized by society and praised for their acts of bravery or sacrifice.
Context: 英雄 is used more broadly and can refer to historical figures, military leaders, or anyone who has done something extraordinary to be admired, not necessarily outside the law. The concept of a 英雄 is more formal and recognized by society, whereas a 侠 might operate outside or in defiance of societal norms.
崇
Does not change from traditional
Chong2 - surname Chong
chong2 - high/sublime/lofty/to esteem/to worship
崇拜
良
liáng2 - Does not change from traditional
Core meanings:
* Good / Fine / Virtuous
* Favorable / Beneficial
* Innate / Moral Sense: In philosophical or literary contexts (especially from Confucian or Mencian thought), 良知 (liángzhī) or 良心 refers to an innate moral sense or conscience.
不良
善良 (shànliáng): “kind-hearted,” “good and virtuous.”
良好
良心 (liángxīn): “conscience” (literally “a good heart/mind”).
良好 (liánghǎo): “good,” “fine.”
善良 (shànliáng): “kind,” “virtuous.”
良心 (liángxīn): “conscience.”
良机 (liángjī): “favorable opportunity.”
改良 (gǎiliáng): “to improve.”
良久 (liángjiǔ): “a good while.”
良知 (liángzhī): “innate moral knowledge,” “conscience” (especially in Confucian/Mencian contexts).
优良 (yōu liáng): “excellent,” “of top quality.”
注
zhù4 - does not change from traditional
(Similars - 主 - zhu3, 住 - zhu4)
Early texts show 注 in contexts of pouring or trickling water, often into vessels or onto fields.
Extended Meanings
- Focus / Pay Attention
* 注意 (zhùyì): “to pay attention.”
* 注目 (zhù mù): “to fix one’s gaze upon,” literally “to pour one’s eyes on.”
* 关注 (guānzhù): “to follow with interest,” “to pay close attention.” - Annotate / Add Notes
* 注释 (zhùshì): “to annotate or add explanatory notes.”
* 注解 (zhùjiě): “annotation,” “explanatory notes.”
* 脚注 (jiǎozhù): “footnote.”
* 标注 (biāozhù): “to mark or label.” - Destine / Be Fated: “being destined” or “determined.”
Examples:
* 注定 (zhùdìng): “to be destined,” “to be fated to.” - Record / Register - “to record” or “to register,” related to “writing something down” as a note.
Example:
* 登记注册 (dēngjì zhùcè): “to register” (in official records).
注意
注定 (註定)
关注 (關注)
繁
fán
繁华 - fán huá - “Prosperous,” “bustling,” or “flourishing.”
敛
liǎn3 - 斂 in traditional
Broadly conveys the idea of “collecting,” “gathering,” or “drawing in.” From that sense of “bringing things together,” it also extends to meanings of “restraining” or “converging.”
收敛 (收斂)
敛财 (斂財)
内敛
互
hù4 - Does not change from traditional
Mutual, reciprocal, or each other. It is often used to describe actions, relationships, or interactions that go in both directions between two or more parties.
pictographic character that originally depicted two crossing strokes, symbolizing interaction between two parties.
It is a simple structure that visually suggests reciprocity or interconnection.
互 it can be used alone
互动 (互動)
互相 and 相互
互联 (互聯)
互联网 (互聯網)
豪
háo2 - does not change from traditional
(It is quite different to 蒙, 蒙古)
Original/etymological sense: In some early texts, 豪 was said to refer to the coarse, bristly hair on a pig—suggesting something “strong,” “coarse,” or “prominent.”
Core meanings
- Heroic / bold / valiant: Connotes bravery and dauntlessness (e.g., 豪氣 “heroic spirit”).
- Grand / magnificent: Implies grandeur or splendor (e.g., 豪華 “luxurious” or “sumptuous”).
- Person of wealth or power: Refers to someone influential, a magnate, or a “big shot” (e.g., 豪門 “an aristocratic or powerful family”).
富豪
自豪
豪华 (豪華)
逃
tao2 - Does not change from traditional
To escape, to flee, or to avoid. It conveys the idea of running away from danger, responsibility, or an undesirable situation.
逃
逃避
逃亡
逃犯
逃生
跑
pǎo - Does no change from traditional
primarily means to run, but it also has extended meanings related to moving quickly, escaping, or traveling.
帽
mao4 - hat/cap
灰
huī1 - Does not change from traditional
Has several meanings, both literal and metaphorical. It is commonly associated with ash, gray color, disappointment, and destruction.
灰 - I think used alone it means ashes
灰尘 (灰塵) - Dust
狼
lang2 - Does not change from traditional
Wolf
丽
lì4 - 麗 In traditional
beautiful, elegant, or splendid. It is commonly used to describe physical beauty, brightness, or something impressive in appearance.
美丽 (美麗)
华丽 (華麗)
蒙娜丽莎 (蒙娜麗莎)
潘
Pan1 - Does not change from traditional
It seems to be only useful for sound
潘金莲 (潘金蓮)
松潘
潘
潘基文
潘多拉
潘婷
抑
yì4 - Does not change (And also, it is different to 印)
Has meanings related to restraining, suppressing, or controlling something, often emotions, desires, or actions.
Means to suppress, restrain, or control, often referring to emotions or actions.
It can also mean to prevent something from happening (e.g., suppress inflation).
In classical Chinese, it functions as “or” (抑或).
Common phrases include 抑制 (suppress), 抑郁 (depression), and 抑扬顿挫 (modulated tone).
压抑 (壓抑) - to constrain or repress emotions; oppressive; stifling; depressing; repression
抑制
抑
抑或
抑郁 (抑鬱)
抑郁症 (抑鬱症)
曲
Has two tones. Does not change from traditional
(1) qǔ (Fourth tone) – “Melody, tune”
* Example: 歌曲 (gē qǔ) – “Song.”
* Example: 乐曲 (yuè qǔ) – “Musical piece.”
(2) qū (First tone) – “Curved, bent”
* Example: 弯曲 (wān qū) – “Curved or bent.”
* Example: 曲线 (qū xiàn) – “Curve” (in mathematics or design).
睿
rui4 - Does not change from traditional
astute/perspicacious/farsighted
Just useful for this word - 睿智 (Astute and farsighted)
贪
tān - 貪 in traditional
Original Sense of “Greed / Coveting”
- 贪 (貪)
- 贪婪 (貪婪)
- 贪官 (貪官)
- 贪心 (貪心) - Greedy
- 你想屁吃。有点贪心了
- 贪小便宜 - Always looking for petty advantages
- 贪图 (貪圖) - to covet / seek
- 贪玩 (貪玩) - Stay away from self-discipline
堡
bǎo3 - Does not change from traditional
Core Semantic Field: “Fort,” “castle,” “fortress,” “walled enclosure”
城堡
汉堡 (漢堡)
碉堡
袍
Robe / Gown
The primary meaning of 袍 is a robe-like garment. In modern times, this can indicate any traditional or long, flowing clothing piece.
Traditional or Cultural Garments
Some Chinese clothing with “袍” in the name has carried over into modern usage to describe distinctive traditional outfits.
- does not change from traditional
旗袍
袍
龙袍 (龍袍)
帘
lian2 - hanging screen or curtain
窗帘
窗
chuang1 - Does not change from traditional
shutter/window/CL:扇[shan4]
埋
Mái (sometimes mán) - Does not change from traditional
mán: Appears mainly in the word 埋怨 (mányuàn, “to complain/blame”).
“Bury” with Earth Radical
The left side of 埋 is the “earth” radical (土). Historically, the core meaning revolved around placing or hiding something underground.
Figurative Extension
Over time, the notion of “burying” was extended metaphorically to include concealing, submerging, or hiding something from view—whether physically or not.
埋伏
埋怨
埋没 (埋沒)
埋葬
埋藏
埋头 (埋頭)
眺
tiao4 - Does not change from traditional
gaze afar
- 眺望 - Survey the scene from an elevated position
- 远眺 (遠眺) - To gaze into the distance
殿
dian4 - Does not change from traditional
palace hall
殿堂
Medium Frequency
大殿 宫殿 (宮殿)殿 殿下 神殿
堂
táng2 - Does not change from traditional
English Approximation: “Hall,” “main room,” “central chamber”
Core Semantic Field: A large, principal space in a building—traditionally a main hall or chamber.
Also used for cousins sharing paternal grandfather.
- 天堂
- 同堂
- 堂
- 堂哥 堂妹 堂姐 堂弟
乌 (烏)
wū - 烏 in traditional
In ancient Chinese scripts, 烏 was thought to be a stylized depiction of a crow or a black bird. The “烏” shape evolved from pictographs representing a crow’s silhouette.
Semantic Shift to “Blackness”
Because crows are typically black, the character also became associated with the color black or darkness.
Connection to Myth and Folklore
In Chinese mythology and folklore, the crow (or raven) can have various symbolic meanings (both auspicious and ominous, depending on context). Ancient texts sometimes reference a three-legged crow in the sun (三足乌 / 三足烏), a mythological creature symbolizing the sun.
乌 (烏)
乌托邦 (烏托邦)
乌云 (烏雲)
乌鲁木齐 (烏魯木齊)
乌鸦 (烏鴉)
乌龙 (烏龍) 烏龍 (wūlóng), “oolong” (tea). The literal meaning is “black dragon.”
乌龙茶 (烏龍茶)
乌龟 (烏龜)
义乌 (義烏)
曹
Cao2 - surname Cao/Zhou Dynasty vassal state
cao2 - class or grade/generation/plaintiff and defendant (old)/government department (old)
It does not change from traditional
虎
虎 straightforwardly means “tiger,” the animal.
老虎
卧虎 (臥虎)
虎
老虎凳
煎
煎 (Jiān) – Pan-Frying
Typically uses moderate heat and a small amount of oil.
Food is often cooked on one side first, then flipped to cook the other side.
Commonly used for foods like eggs (煎蛋), pancakes, fish fillets, or dumplings (煎饺).
The food remains relatively still in the pan for a good sear or crispy surface.
炒 (Chǎo) – Stir-Frying
Uses high heat and a small to moderate amount of oil (often in a wok).
Food is kept in constant motion with rapid tossing and stirring.
Commonly used for dishes like stir-fried vegetables (炒青菜), fried rice (炒饭), or quick-cooked meat and vegetable dishes.
The goal is to cook ingredients quickly and evenly while preserving color, texture, and flavor.
煎
Medium Frequency
煎熬
煎蛋
煎饼 (煎餅)
熬
Does not change from traditional
ao2 - to cook on a slow fire/to extract by heating/to decoct/to endure
When used alone, ao1 - to boil/to simmer
煎熬 - torture
熬夜 - aoye
熬
怪
guai4 - Does not change from traditional
English Approximations: “strange,” “odd,” “weird,” “to blame”
Extended to Surprise or Mild Complaint
拥
yōng1 - 擁 (Traditional)
Earliest uses described physically holding or crowding around someone/something—hence the ideas of “embracing” and “surrounding.”
To Embrace / To Hug - Literally wrapping one’s arms around someone or something.
Example: 拥抱 (yōngbào), “to hug” or “to embrace.”
To Possess / To Have
In certain contexts, 拥 can indicate possession or having something in abundance.
Example: 拥有 (yōngyǒu), “to own,” “to possess.”
To Crowd Around / To Encircle - Can describe a group surrounding a person or thing.
Example: 簇拥 (cùyōng), “to cluster around,” “to flock around.”
拥挤 (擁擠) - crowded, congestion
棵
ke1 - classifier for trees, cabbages, plants etc
睿
rui4 - does not change from traditional
astute/perspicacious/farsighted
Only useful for 睿智
沫
mo4 - Does not change from traditional
foam/suds
泡沫 - The word for bubles
唾沫
白沫
相濡以沫
郭沫若
泡
pào - Does not change from traditional
In modern Mandarin, 泡 is almost always pronounced pào (fourth tone). This reading is used for nearly all contemporary meanings of the character, such as:
To soak or steep: 泡茶 (to brew tea), 泡澡 (to take a bath)
Bubbles or foam: 肥皂泡 (soap bubbles)
The first tone (pāo) is a rare or dialectal variant you might encounter in older texts or in certain regional pronunciations.
English Approximations: “bubble,” “foam,” “to soak/steep,” “blister”
泡妞 (pào niū), the verb 泡 is used in a figurative, slang sense meaning “to pick up,” “to chase after,” or “to try to date” a girl. While 泡 literally means “to soak” (as in brewing tea or taking a bath), it has developed this informal extension to describe “hanging out” or “investing time/effort” in pursuing someone romantically or flirtatiously.
诺
nuò4 - 諾 in traditional
English Approximations: “promise,” “assent,” “agreement”
It is very associated to noun, as a pronounciation substitute
承诺 (承諾)
诺亚 (諾亞)
诺基亚 (諾基亞)
诺言 (諾言)
卡布奇诺 (卡布奇諾)
若
ruò4 - doesn’t change from traditional
English Approximations: “if,” “like,” “seem,” “as if,” “young.”
倘若
受宠若惊 (受寵若驚)
欣喜若狂
若干
若是
若无其事 (若無其事)
若隐若现 (若隱若現)
鹅
Character: 鹅 (Simplified) / 鵝 (Traditional)
Pinyin: é
English Meaning: “Goose”
抹
Does not change from traditional
mǒ (third tone): This reading means “to spread” or “to rub on.” You’d use mǒ when talking about applying something like butter, cream, or makeup onto a surface. For example, you might say “抹黄油” (to spread butter on bread).
mò (fourth tone): This reading means “to wipe off” or “to erase.” It’s used when referring to the act of removing something, such as wiping away dirt or erasing a mark. You also see this reading in compounds like “抹杀” (to obliterate or wipe out) and “抹布” (rag).
Often used alone:
抹
涂抹 (塗抹)
抹去
抹布
抹杀 (抹殺)
抹茶 抹黑
末
mò - Does not change from traditional
It typically means “end,” “last,” or “tip,” and is used in contexts such as:
末日 – referring to “doomsday” or “the end of the world”
末尾 – meaning “the end” or “tail” of something
期末
末
末日
周末 (週末)
Medium Frequency
年末 末路 岁末 (歲末)粉末 肉末 芥末
喷
pen1 - to puff/to spout/to spray/to spurt
pen4 - fragrant
喷嚏 (噴嚏)喷泉 (噴泉)打喷嚏 (打噴嚏)香喷喷 (香噴噴)
摔
shuāi - Does not change from traditional
It means “to fall” or “to throw down.” For example, 摔倒 means “to fall down.”
摔
摔伤
摔倒
摔跤
典
diǎn3 - Does not change from traditional
In ancient script, it depicted a person holding a brush over a document, symbolizing the act of writing or recording authoritative texts.
Evolution: Over time, the character evolved to encompass broader meanings related to standards, laws, and ceremonies, reflecting its association with authoritative texts and practices.
Associated with standards, canonical works, laws, and ceremonies. Embodies the essence of authority and standardization, permeating various aspects of Chinese culture, from literature and law to ceremonies and societal norms.
(1) Canonical Books or Literature
经典 (jīng diǎn) – “classics” or “scriptures.”
词典 (cí diǎn) – “dictionary.”
(2) Standards or Norms
(3) Ceremonies or Rituals
(4) Legal Codes or Laws
(5) Pawn or Mortgage
径
jìng4 - 徑 in traditional
The character 径 originally meant “path” or “trail”—essentially a narrow route for walking. In ancient Chinese, it denoted a physical track or small road, one that implied a direct route. The character’s structure—with the “step” radical (彳) suggesting movement—supports this idea.
Over time, its meaning expanded metaphorically to also indicate directness, footpath, or the idea of a shortcut.
捷径 (捷徑)
直径 (直徑)
路径 (路徑)
途径 (途徑) - way / channel
赠
zèng 4 - In traditional 贈
means “to give as a gift”, “to present”, or “to bestow” something to someone, often as a gesture of goodwill, appreciation, or generosity.
Example: 赠送 (zèng sòng) – “To give as a gift.”
Example: 赠品 (zèng pǐn) – “A free gift” (e.g., promotional giveaways).
获赠 (獲贈)
赠 (贈)
赠送 (贈送)
捐赠 (捐贈)
馈赠 (饋贈)
阶
jiē1 - 階 in traditional
Origin: The traditional form “階” combines the “阜” radical (indicating hills or mounds) with the phonetic component “皆” (jiē). This suggests a structure related to elevation or steps.
(1) Steps or Stairs - Structures made of stone or brick to facilitate ascending or descending.
(2) Rank or Level - grade, rank, or status in a hierarchical structure.
阶 (階)
阶段 (階段)
台阶 (臺階)
阶层 (階層)
宰
zǎi - Does not change from traditional
Dominate:
Governing, slaughtering, and controlling. It can refer to leaders, butchers, or someone who dominates over others.
主宰
宰割
宰相 - Prime minister in feudal China
台阶 (臺階)
阶层 (階層)
阶梯 (階梯)
阶段性 (階段性)
阶级 (階級)
职
zhí2 - 職 in traditional chinese
jobs, duties, responsibilities, and professional roles
职务 (zhí wù) Job title, official post
职业 (zhí yè) Career, profession
职责 (zhí zé) Duties, responsibilities
职场 (zhí chǎng) Workplace
辞职 (cí zhí) Resign from a job
任职 (rèn zhí) To hold a position
失职 (shī zhí) Dereliction of duty
合
hé2
The character 合 is versatile, encapsulating the ideas of unity, closure, and appropriateness, making it integral to various expressions in the Chinese language.
Encompasses several meanings, primarily revolving around the concepts of combining, closing, and suitability.
(1) To Combine or Unite
合作 – cooperate / work together
合并 (hé bìng) – merge/combine
(2) To Close or Shut: To bring two parts together to close an opening.
Example: “合上书” (hé shàng shū) – “to close the book.”
Example: “门自动合上了” (mén zì dòng hé shàng le) – “the door closed automatically.”
(3) To Suit or Fit
Definition: To be appropriate, suitable, or in agreement with something.
Example: “合适” (hé shì) – “suitable” or “appropriate.”
Example: “意见相合” (yì jiàn xiāng hé) – “opinions are in agreement.”
To combine 合作 (hé zuò) “to cooperate”
To close 合上 (hé shàng) “to close”
Suitable 合适 (hé shì) “suitable”
Sum 总和 (zǒng hé) “sum” or “total”
垮
垮 (kuǎ):
Means “to collapse” or “to fall apart.”
It emphasizes the idea of something breaking down or being ruined.
领
领 (lǐng) - Means “to lead” or “to guide.” It suggests taking charge or being at the forefront.
爆
爆 (bào)
primarily conveys the idea of exploding or bursting and extends to various related meanings
约
yuē1 - 約
Origin: The character “约” is derived from the traditional form “約”, which combines the “纟” (silk) radical with the phonetic component “勺” (sháo). The “纟” radical relates to threads or binding, reflecting the original meaning of binding or tying.
Evolution: Over time, the meaning extended from the physical act of binding to abstract concepts such as agreements and restrictions.
Agreement
约会 - appointment
契约 (qì yuē) – contract/ agreement
Restriction
约束 (yuē shù) to restrain
Approximation
约莫 (yuē mò) - approximately
To economize
节约 (jié yuē) - to save
Conciseness
简约 (jiǎn yuē) - “concise”
抵
抵 (dǐ)
Can mean “to resist,” “to oppose,” or “to withstand.” It implies an active stance against something.
- 抵触
- 我自己个人是比较抵触的 - I am personally quite against it
断
Duàn:
Means “to break” or “to sever.” In this expression, it suggests making a clear, unambiguous decision.
放 y el club de los fangs
放 - fang4 - to release/to free/to let go
方 - fang1 - square 方便
防 - fang2 - to protect 预防
房 - fang2 - house room
访 - fang3 - to visit
仿 - fang3 - imitate/copy/seemingly
台
臺 - tai2 - platform/stage/ station
台 - Tai2 - desk and Taiwan (sound.)
The character “台” has evolved over time. Historically, it was used as a variant of “臺”, representing elevated structures. Additionally, “台” was used phonetically in certain contexts.
收
shou1 - Does not change from traditional
忍
Pinyin: rěn
Traditional: 忍
Original Meaning: “to endure; to bear” — “忍耐、忍受”
Actual Meaning: “refers to enduring hardship, pain, or adverse conditions with patience and self-control” — “表示耐心承受困难、痛苦或逆境”
Common Words:
忍耐 – Explanation: endure patiently — “耐心承受”
Example: 他默默忍耐生活的艰辛.
Example: He silently endures the hardships of life.
忍受 – Explanation: tolerate suffering — “容忍痛苦”
Example: 她无法忍受那刺耳的噪音.
Example: She cannot tolerate the piercing noise.
忍辱 – Explanation: bear humiliation gracefully — “忍受屈辱”
Example: 他忍辱负重, 最终获得成功.
Example: He bore humiliation and eventually achieved success.
忍让 – Explanation: yield to avoid conflict — “让步以避冲突”
Example: 在争论中, 他选择了忍让.
Example: In the argument, he chose to yield to avoid conflict.
耐
Pinyin: nài
Traditional: 耐
Original Meaning: “to endure; to bear” — “忍耐、承受”
Actual Meaning: “indicates the ability to withstand hardship, stress, or wear; refers to durability and persistence” — “表示能够承受困难、压力或磨损；指持久性与韧性”
Common Words:
耐心 – Explanation: “patient; able to endure with calm” — “有耐心，能够平静地承受”
Example: 他耐心等待他的朋友.
Example: He waited for his friend with patience.
耐用 – Explanation: “durable; built to last” — “经久耐用，长时间不损坏”
Example: 这双鞋非常耐用.
Example: These shoes are very durable.
耐看 – Explanation: “enduringly attractive; pleasing to the eye over time” — “经久不衰的美观”
Example: 虽然年代久远, 这部电影依然耐看.
Example: Despite its age, this movie remains enjoyable to watch.
耐力 – Explanation: “endurance; physical stamina” — “持久力，体能耐力”
Example: 他每天锻炼以提高耐力.
Example: He exercises daily to improve his endurance.
减
jiǎn - 減
Origin:
- Historically, the traditional form 減 carried additional components that emphasized the notion of lessening or reducing.
Core Meaning:
- Primary meaning: “to subtract,” “to decrease,” “to reduce,” or “to diminish.”
- It is commonly used in mathematical contexts as well as in everyday language to denote the process of lowering a quantity, size, or intensity.
- Metaphorically, it can also be applied to non-numerical contexts, such as reducing weight, expenses, or even the intensity of emotions.
Usage:
- Widely employed in arithmetic and financial calculations.
- Frequently appears in compound words and phrases such as:
- 减少 (jiǎnshǎo): meaning “to reduce” or “to lessen.”
- 降减: used in contexts related to reduction or lowering.
- The concept of reduction is essential across various fields including mathematics, economics, and everyday conversation.
减 (減)
减少 (減少)
减肥 (減肥)
减速 (減速) - de accelerate?
掏
tāo - Does not change from traditional
Origin:
- 掏 is composed of the hand radical “扌” combined with the component “淘”.
- The “扌” radical indicates an action performed by the hand.
- 匋 tao2 - pottery
- Together, these elements convey the notion of digging or reaching out to extract something.
Core Meaning:
- Primary meaning: “to rummage,” “to take out,” or “to extract.”, to “fish out”, “scoop”
- It implies the action of reaching into something to retrieve or remove an item.
- The character can also carry metaphorical connotations, such as extracting one’s feelings or efforts in an endeavor.
Usage:
- Common in everyday language for describing physical actions like retrieving objects.
- Frequently appears in expressions, for example:
- 掏钱 (tāo qián): literally “to dig out money,” used to mean paying or handing over money.
- 掏心 (tāo xīn): used metaphorically to indicate revealing one’s true feelings or opening up emotionally.
- The concept can be extended to situations where one makes an effort to obtain or extract something, either physically or figuratively.
掏出
掏心掏肺 - To be totally devoted to a person
肺
fèi4 - Does not change from traditional
Core Meaning:
- Primary meaning: “lung” or “lungs,” referring to the essential respiratory organs.
- It can also carry extended connotations related to breath, life, or vitality, especially in poetic or metaphorical contexts.
Usage:
- Commonly used in everyday language as well as in medical terminology.
- Frequently appears in compound words and phrases such as:
- 肺炎 (fèiyán): meaning “pneumonia” or “lung inflammation.”
- 肺功能 (fèi gōngnéng): referring to “lung function.”
- Also used in traditional medicine to discuss respiratory health and related treatments.
Summary:
- Character: 肺
- Pinyin: fèi
- Simplified and Traditional forms: 肺 (identical)
- The character represents the lung, an essential organ for respiration, and plays a significant role in health-related vocabulary and expressions.
- 没心没肺 (沒心沒肺)
- 狼心狗肺
茫
máng2 - Does not change from traditional
Core Meaning:
- Primary meaning: “vast”, “boundless”, or “indistinct”.
- It suggests a state of overwhelming expanse or emptiness.
- Often, it conveys uncertainty or a lack of clarity, both in physical spaces and in metaphorical expressions.
Origin:
- The character 茫 is composed with the grass radical “艹”, indicating an association with nature.
- It evolved from early pictographic representations related to vegetation, though its current meaning has shifted significantly.
- Historically, 茫 has been used to convey a sense of vastness or an undefined, indistinct quality.
Usage:
- Frequently used in compounds such as “茫然” (mángrán), meaning “bewildered” or “at a loss”, to express a sense of confusion or lack of direction.
- Employed in literary and descriptive contexts to evoke imagery of endless, uncharted spaces.
- Can also be used metaphorically to describe feelings of insignificance or disorientation when facing the vastness of a situation or the world.
茫茫
迷茫
渺茫
白茫茫
茫然
苍茫 (蒼茫)
醉
Pinyin: zuì
Simplified and Traditional forms: 醉 (identical)
Core Meaning:
- Primarily means “drunk,” “intoxicated,” or “inebriated.”
- In extended usage, 醉 can also describe a metaphorical state of being overwhelmed by emotions, beauty, or experiences, similar to being “entranced” or “captivated.”
The character conveys both a literal sense of inebriation and a metaphorical sense of being deeply moved or overwhelmed.
喝醉 - To get drunk
宿醉 - Hangover
沉醉 - Intoxicated
灌醉
酒醉 - To get drunk
醉酒
陶醉
麻醉
喝醉 (hē zuì):
This is a verb phrase that literally means “to drink oneself into a drunken state.” It emphasizes the action of drinking and the process of getting drunk. For example, “他喝醉了” means “He got drunk” (because he drank too much).
酒醉 (jiǔ zuì):
This term functions more like an adjective or a state descriptor. It focuses on the condition of being drunk, rather than the act of drinking. It’s often used in more formal or literary contexts. For example, “他处于酒醉状态” emphasizes that he is in a state of intoxication.
他已酒醉
顾
gù - 顧
Origin:
- The character 顾 (simplified) and 顧 (traditional) has ancient origins.
- It originally conveyed the idea of “looking after” or “attending to” something.
- The form has evolved over time while retaining its core meaning related to care and attention.
Core Meaning:
- Primary meaning: “to look after,” “to attend to,” or “to care for.”
- It can also imply “to consider” or “to regard” someone or something.
- In some contexts, it suggests turning one’s head or attention toward a subject.
Usage:
- Commonly used in everyday language to denote care, attention, or consideration.
- It appears in compound words such as:
- 顾客/顧客 (gùkè): meaning “customer” (literally, one who is looked after).
- 关顾/關顧 (guāngù): meaning “to take care of” or “to attend to” (often used in a more general sense of caring or watching over).
回顾 (回顧)
照顾 (照顧)
顾 (顧)
顾客 (顧客)
伪
伪 / 偽 (wěi)
Origin:
- Traditional form: 偽
- The composition of 偽 includes the person radical “亻” combined with the phonetic element “為” (wéi), indicating its phonetic and semantic connection.
- Historically, it evolved to denote something that is not genuine, reflecting the idea of falseness or counterfeit.
Core Meaning:
- 伪 / 偽 generally means “false,” “fake,” or “spurious.”
- It conveys the notion of insincerity or deception, often used to describe appearances that are not genuine.
Usage:
- In everyday language, it is used to criticize dishonesty or to denote something that is a counterfeit.
- It appears in compound words such as 虚伪 (xū-wěi / 虛偽), where it reinforces the sense of insincerity or hypocrisy.
虚
虛 (xū)
Origin:
- Derived from ancient Chinese pictographs, originally representing an empty or hollow container.
- Simplified form: 虚; Traditional form: 虛
Core Meaning:
- Emptiness, void, or lack of substance.
- May imply superficiality or deceit in certain contexts.
Key Contributions in Compound Words:
1. 虚实 (xū-shí) / 虛實
- Explores the balance between emptiness (虚/虛) and substance (实/實).
- Critical in classical strategic thought, including military strategy as seen in texts like Sun Tzu’s The Art of War.
- Note: 虚 (simplified) and 虛 (traditional) are used for “empty.”
- 虚伪 (xū-wěi) / 虛偽
- Combines 虚 (emptiness) with 伪 (falsehood, simplified) / 偽 (traditional).
- Describes insincerity or hypocrisy by highlighting the contrast between appearance and reality.
- 虚无 (xū-wú) / 虛無
- Joins 虚 (emptiness) with 无 (nothingness, simplified) / 無 (traditional).
- Used in philosophical and existential contexts to discuss a state of nihilism or profound emptiness.
束
shù4
束 originally meant:
- To bind, to tie together into a bundle
- Imagine tying a bunch of sticks or flowers with rope — that’s 束.
It gives the idea of holding things together in an organized or restricted way.
花束 - huāshù - Bouquet (a bunch of flowers)
一束光 - yí shù guāng - A beam of light (a “bundle” of light)
束缚 - shùfù - To bind / restrict / shackle
measure characters
份 -
一份礼物
本 - běn
Classifying bound reading materials such as books and magazines, emphasizing their nature as compilations of content.
Common Nouns: 书 (shū), 杂志 (zázhì), 词典 (cídiǎn), 日记 (rìjì)
张 - zhāng 張
Used for flat, thin objects like paper or tickets, highlighting their planar surfaces and spread-out shape.
Common Nouns: 纸 (zhǐ), 票 (piào), 照片 (zhàopiàn), 床 (chuáng)
台 - tái
Refers to mechanical or electrical devices, emphasizing their sizable or stationary nature, typically for machines or equipment.
- Common Nouns: 电视 (diànshì), 电脑 (diànnǎo), 机器 (jīqì), 冰箱 (bīngxiāng)
位 / 位 (wèi)
Used for people in polite contexts, highlighting respect and formal distinction, often for guests or professionals.
Common Nouns: 老师 (lǎoshī), 客人 (kèrén), 先生 (xiānshēng), 女士 (nǚshì)
条 / 條 (tiáo)
Classifies long, narrow objects or abstract items, emphasizing their linear shape or extended form, like roads or fish.
Common Nouns: 路 (lù), 河 (hé), 鱼 (yú), 狗 (gǒu)
杯 / 杯 (bēi)
Designates container-based servings of beverages, often for drinks like tea or coffee, reflecting their portioned quantities.
Common Nouns: 茶 (chá), 咖啡 (kāfēi), 水 (shuǐ), 牛奶 (niúnǎi)
瓶 / 瓶 (píng)
Specifies bottled substances such as liquids or sauces, highlighting their packaged state and container-based measurement method.
Common Nouns: 水 (shuǐ), 啤酒 (píjiǔ), 饮料 (yǐnliào), 牛奶 (niúnǎi)
件 / 件 (jiàn)
Used for individual items of clothing, abstract concepts, or events, emphasizing discreet separable units in various contexts.
Common Nouns: 衣服 (yīfu), 事情 (shìqing), 行李 (xíngli), 礼物 (lǐwù)
* 还有地方再放一件行李 - There’s room for one more piece of luggage.
* Pottery: 这是一件典型的罗马陶器。
This is a typical example of Roman pottery.
辆 / 輛 (liàng)
Measures wheeled vehicles, focusing on their independent mobility and conveyance function, like cars, bicycles, or buses.
Common Nouns: 汽车 (qìchē), 自行车 (zìxíngchē), 公交车 (gōngjiāochē), 卡车 (kǎchē)
只 / 隻 (zhī)
Explanation (16 words):
Indicates individual animals or certain paired body parts, emphasizing singular units, like birds, insects, or hands.
Common Nouns: 狗 (gǒu), 猫 (māo), 鸟 (niǎo), 手 (shǒu)
篇
piān - Does not change from traditional
Meaning: Primarily denotes “piece of writing” or a measure word for articles, essays, chapters, etc.
Used for written articles, essays, or other short texts, emphasizing each complete, discrete unit of written work.
文章 / 文章 (wénzhāng)
日记 / 日記 (rìjì)
报道 / 報導 (bàodǎo)
故事 / 故事 (gùshì)
报道
报告
作文
短文
作品
文章 (wénzhāng) vs. 短文 (duǎnwén):
Both can be “articles” or “written texts.” However, 短文 specifically emphasizes brevity (“short text”), while 文章 is more general and can be of any length.
作文 (zuòwén) vs. 文章 (wénzhāng):
作文 is often tied to school or academic contexts (like “student compositions”). 文章 is broader, covering various formats (articles, essays, prose, etc.).
报道 (bàodǎo) vs. 报告 (bàogào):
报道 focuses on journalistic or news-related reports.
报告 generally refers to a more official, formal, or academic “report” or a presentation in a workplace.
故事 (gùshì):
Strictly narrative in nature (fiction, tales, or anecdotes), which translates more closely to historia or cuento in Spanish.
作品 (zuòpǐn):
Broader term for “works” of art or literature, encompassing obra literaria, obra artística, obra musical, etc.
日记 (rìjì):
Specifically a personal journal/diary entry – diario in Spanish.
考试包括一篇作文和一篇即席翻译。
The exam consists of an essay and an unseen translation.
一篇报道
这篇报道企图玷污该党领袖的声誉。
The story was an attempt to smear the party leader.
一篇报告
我需要一小时左右结束这篇报告。
I need about an hour to finish off this report.
Pictophonetic Composition (形声字): 篇 is composed of the bamboo radical ⺮ (indicative of writing materials in ancient China, because texts were traditionally recorded on bamboo slips) and the phonetic component 扁 (biǎn), which provides the sound.
Earliest Usage: Ancient Chinese writing was commonly done on bamboo strips. A group of bamboo strips bound together formed a complete text. The character 篇 reflected this idea of a discrete bundle or piece of writing.
Extended Meaning: Over time, 篇 evolved to encompass written works in general—chapters, essays, articles—leading to its modern role as a measure word for literary pieces.
牙
ya2 - tooth/ivory/CL:顆|颗[ke1]
刷牙
牙
牙膏
牙齿 (牙齒)
西班牙
孙
Sun1 - surname Sun
sun1 - grandson/descendant
孙 (孫)
孙子 (孫子)
孙悟空 (孫悟空)
孙燕姿 (孫燕姿)
姑
gu1 - paternal aunt/husband’s sister/husband’s mother (old)/nun/for the time being (literary)
姑娘
大姑
姑
姑姑
姑妈 (姑媽)
灰姑娘
荣
Pinyin: róng
Traditional: 榮
Original Meaning: “brightness; glory”
Actual Meaning: Refers to honor, prestige, and a flourishing state
Common Words:
荣誉 – Explanation: receive honor and praise
Example: He received honor and praise at ceremony.
荣光 – Explanation: radiant light of honor
Example: The general shone with radiant light of honor.
荣幸 – Explanation: feel honored and privileged
Example: I felt honored and privileged to attend.
光荣 – Explanation: experience daily dignified honor
Example: Soldiers experienced daily dignified honor through service.
抓
zhuā
Traditional: 抓
Original Meaning: “to grab or seize”
Actual Meaning: Refers to quickly catching or firmly holding something
Common Words:
抓住 – Explanation: firmly grasp or seize
Example: He quickly grabbed the falling object.
抓捕 – Explanation: capture criminal by force
Example: Police swiftly captured the escaping suspect.
抓紧 – Explanation: seize opportunity without delay
Example: He seized the chance without hesitation.
抓阄 – Explanation: draw lots for order
Example: Students drew lots for team leader selection.
谋
Pinyin: móu
Traditional: 謀
Original Meaning: “to plan or scheme”
Actual Meaning: Refers to devising strategies or seeking a goal, sometimes with a connotation of cunning
Common Words:
谋略 – Explanation: strategic planning for victory
Example: He triumphed using strategic planning for victory.
谋划 – Explanation: carefully plan and arrange
Example: They carefully planned and arranged the event.
谋生 – Explanation: seek means for living
Example: He struggles daily to seek means for living.
谋求 – Explanation: pursue opportunities for gain
Example: She actively pursued opportunities for gain.
纯
拼音：chún
繁体：純
原始含义：无杂质、未经混合
实际含义：指单一、纯正、不混杂
常用词：
纯真
解释：心地纯洁
例句：她笑容纯真暖人心
纯净
解释：无杂清澈
例句：湖水纯净清澈见底
纯情
解释：情感单纯
例句：他爱情纯情质朴
纯粹
解释：完全无杂
例句：画风纯粹简洁有力
借
拼音：jiè
繁体：借
原始含义：取用、暂用
实际含义：指向他人索取或利用资源
常用词：
借钱
解释：向人索资
例句：他向同学借钱买书
借书
解释：书供借阅
例句：他常去图书馆借书
借口
解释：借故搪塞
例句：他常借故搪塞任务
借助
解释：凭借他力
例句：他借助网络学知识
旁
拼音：páng
繁体：旁
原始含义：在侧、邻近
实际含义：指事物的侧面或附近
常用词：
旁边
解释：处于侧面
例句：他站在窗边等人
旁观
解释：置身事外
例句：他冷眼置身事外
旁若无人
解释：似无他人
例句：她演讲时似无他人
旁听
解释：在旁静听
例句：他旁听教授讲课
载
Pinyin: zài4
Traditional: 載
Original Meaning: “to carry; load”
Actual Meaning: Means to transport, record, or include something
Common Words:
载重 – Explanation: Support heavy cargo loads
Example: The truck supports heavy cargo loads.
载入 – Explanation: Load data into system
Example: The computer loads data into system.
承载 – Explanation: Support and bear burden
Example: The bridge supports vehicles and heavy loads.
载体 – Explanation: Medium that carries content
Example: DNA is medium that carries genetic content.
皇
Pinyin: huáng2
Traditional: 皇
Original Meaning: “majestic; imperial”
Actual Meaning: Denotes royal authority or imperial status
Common Words:
皇宫 – Explanation: Royal palace for emperors
Example: The emperor held court in the royal palace.
皇后 – Explanation: Empress as imperial spouse
Example: The empress attended the formal banquet.
皇族 – Explanation: Lineage of imperial blood
Example: Members of the royal family gathered ceremonially.
皇位 – Explanation: Emperor’s throne of power
Example: The prince awaited his ascension to throne.
帝
Pinyin: dì
Traditional: 帝
Original Meaning: “sovereign; ruler”
Actual Meaning: Refers to a supreme ruler, often used in titles
Common Words:
帝国 – Explanation: Empire governed by emperor
Example: The ancient empire expanded its vast territories.
帝王 – Explanation: Sovereign king with authority
Example: He was revered as a sovereign king by all.
天帝 – Explanation: Heavenly supreme divine ruler
Example: People worship the heavenly supreme divine ruler.
帝制 – Explanation: System ruled by emperor
Example: The nation thrived under the ancient imperial system.
授
Pinyin: shòu4
Traditional: 授
Original Meaning: “to bestow or confer”
Actual Meaning: Refers to imparting knowledge, granting authority, or awarding honor
Common Words:
授课 – Explanation: to conduct formal classroom teaching
Example (Chinese): 老师每天早上授课。
Example (English): The teacher conducts classes every morning.
授权 – Explanation: to formally grant legal authority
Example (Chinese): 经理正式授权给了助理。
Example (English): The manager officially granted authority to the assistant.
授奖 – Explanation: to bestow awards with honor
Example (Chinese): 委员会每年授奖以表彰优秀。
Example (English): The committee bestows awards annually to recognize excellence.
传授 – Explanation: to impart knowledge through teaching
Example (Chinese): 导师耐心地传授知识。
Example (English): The mentor patiently imparts knowledge.
勒
Pinyin: lè
Traditional: 勒
le4 - to rein in/to compel/to force/to carve/to engrave/(literary) to command/to lead/lux (unit of illumination)/(literary) bridle
lei1 - to strap tightly/to bind
Original Meaning: “to tie; to fasten” — “系绳；固定”
Actual Meaning: “to tighten, restrain, or impose force” — “使紧固、约束或施加力量”
Common Words:
勒紧 – Explanation: “tighten securely” — “牢牢固定”
Example: 他把绳子勒紧固定货物.
Example: He tightened the rope to secure the cargo.
勒令 – Explanation: “order strictly” — “严令下达”
Example: 他接到上司勒令立即停工.
Example: He received an order to stop work immediately.
勒索 – Explanation: “extort money” — “非法索取”
Example: 黑帮分子勒索富豪巨款.
Example: Gangsters extorted a wealthy man for a huge sum.
勒马 – Explanation: “reign in or halt” — “及时制止”
Example: 他听忠告迅速勒马回头.
Example: He quickly reined in his actions after hearing the advice.
圣
Pinyin: shèng4
Traditional: 聖
Original Meaning: “holy; divine” — “神圣、超凡”
Actual Meaning: “venerable, sacred, revered” — “受人尊崇、神圣不可侵犯”
Common Words:
圣诞
Explanation: celebratory sacred Christmas
Example: 他全家团聚共度圣诞节.
Example: Family gathers for a festive Christmas celebration.
圣经
Explanation: authoritative sacred religious scripture
Example: 他每天诵读圣经寻找指引.
Example: He reads the sacred Bible for daily guidance.
圣人
Explanation: wise and virtuous sage
Example: 孔子是中国历史上杰出圣人.
Example: Confucius is revered as a wise and virtuous sage.
圣地
Explanation: hallowed ground pilgrimage site
Example: 无数虔诚信徒每年奔赴圣地礼拜.
Example: Devout believers journey to a holy pilgrimage site.
神 refers to divine, supernatural beings or powers, emphasizing mystique and miraculous qualities.
圣 connotes sanctity and moral excellence, often used for revered figures, places, or texts.
In essence, 神 is about the essence of divinity, while 圣 highlights revered virtue and holiness.
亡
Pinyin: wáng
Traditional: 亡
Original Meaning: “to perish; to lose” — “消逝；失去”
Actual Meaning: “denotes death, loss, or disappearance” — “表示死亡、失去或消失”
Common Words:
死亡 – Explanation: 命终别离
Example: 事故中他命终别离.
Example: He met his end in the accident.
亡国 – Explanation: 国破家亡
Example: 战乱中国破家亡.
Example: The nation was lost amid turmoil.
逃亡 – Explanation: 逃至他乡
Example: 敌逼近，他逃至他乡.
Example: Under pressure, he fled to another land.
亡故 – Explanation: 离世永别
Example: 老者安详离世永别.
Example: The elder peacefully passed away.
死 primarily denotes the physical act of dying or the state of being dead, often referring directly to biological death.
亡 conveys a sense of perishing, disappearing, or being lost, and it’s often used in contexts like the fall of a nation or the disappearance of a person from history.
In essence, 死 is about the immediate cessation of life, whereas 亡 can imply a broader, sometimes gradual loss or disappearance.
莫
Pinyin: mò4
Traditional: 莫
Original Meaning: “none; do not” — “没有；禁止”
Actual Meaning: Functions as a negative word meaning “not,” “no one,” or used as an imperative “do not” — “表示否定、无人或用作禁止”
Common Words:
莫名其妙 – Explanation: utterly inexplicable — “完全无法理解”
Example: 他的话让人莫名其妙.
Example: His words were utterly inexplicable.
莫非 – Explanation: could it be? — “难道不是?”
Example: 莫非你真不知道?
Example: Could it be that you really don’t know?
莫要 – Explanation: do not; refrain from — “千万别做”
Example: 莫要迟到，否则会被罚.
Example: Do not be late, or you will be penalized.
莫忘 – Explanation: do not forget — “千万不要忘记”
Example: 莫忘初衷,方能成功.
Example: Do not forget your original intention to succeed.
蜡
Pinyin: là
Traditional: 蠟
Original Meaning: “wax; natural substance from bees” — “蜂蜡；天然蜡状物”
Actual Meaning: “a substance used for making candles, sealing, or coating” — “用于制作蜡烛、封存或涂饰的物质”
Common Words:
蜡烛 – Explanation: candle for illumination — “用来照明的蜡制品”
Example: 他点燃了蜡烛照亮房间.
Example: He lit a candle to brighten the room.
蜡像 – Explanation: wax figure representing a person — “用蜡制成的人像”
Example: 博物馆里陈列着名人的蜡像.
Example: The museum displayed wax figures of famous people.
蜂蜡 – Explanation: natural beeswax used in various products — “蜜蜂制造的天然蜡”
Example: 她用蜂蜡制作手工护肤品.
Example: She used beeswax to make homemade skincare products.
打蜡 – Explanation: to apply wax as a protective coating — “给物体涂抹蜡以保护”
Example: 他每个月给车打蜡以保持光泽.
Example: He waxes his car every month to maintain its shine.
逐
Pinyin: zhú2
Traditional: 逐
Original Meaning: “to chase away; to expel” — “驱逐、赶走”
Actual Meaning: “to pursue, follow, or progress gradually” — “追逐、逐步进行”
Common Words:
逐渐 – Explanation: “gradually, little by little” — “渐进地，逐步地”
Example: 天色逐渐暗了下来.
Example: The sky gradually grew dark.
逐步 – Explanation: “step by step, incrementally” — “一步一步地，逐步地”
Example: 我们逐步实现了目标.
Example: We achieved the goal step by step.
逐个 – Explanation: “one by one, individually” — “逐个地，依次地”
Example: 他逐个检查了所有文件.
Example: He checked all the documents one by one.
追逐 – Explanation: “to chase after; to pursue” — “追赶，追捕”
Example: 孩子们在公园里追逐玩耍.
Example: The children chased each other in the park.
泽
Pinyin: zé2
Traditional: 澤
Original Meaning: “moisture; water surface” — “水润、湿泽”
Actual Meaning: “refers to a beneficial influence, grace, or nurturing moisture” — “指恩惠、润泽、滋养作用”
Common Words:
恩泽 – Explanation: beneficial grace or favor — “父母给予的恩惠”
Example: 父母的恩泽滋养了他的成长.
Example: The grace of his parents nurtured his growth.
泽被 – Explanation: to benefit widely; bestow blessings — “惠及众人”
Example: 他的仁政泽被百姓.
Example: His benevolent rule benefited all the people.
泽民 – Explanation: to favor the people; benefit the populace — “惠及民众”
Example: 君王以德泽民.
Example: The ruler favored his people with virtue.
润泽 – Explanation: to moisten and nurture; bring vitality — “滋润万物”
Example: 春雨润泽大地.
Example: The spring rain moistens and nurtures the earth.
旅
Pinyin: lǚ
Traditional: 旅
Original Meaning: “journey; travel” — “旅途；行走”
Actual Meaning: “refers to the act of traveling or a journey, often implying exploration or movement” — “指旅行或行程，通常带有探索意味”
Common Words:
旅游 – Explanation: “leisure travel; tourism” — “休闲游历”
Example: 他计划暑假旅游欧洲.
Example: He plans to travel to Europe during summer vacation.
旅途 – Explanation: “the journey or course of travel” — “旅行过程”
Example: 他的旅途充满了惊喜.
Example: His journey was full of surprises.
旅行 – Explanation: “to travel; journey” — “进行旅行”
Example: 她热爱旅行探索世界.
Example: She loves to travel and explore the world.
旅馆 – Explanation: “a lodging establishment for travelers” — “供旅行者住宿的地方”
Example: 我们在小镇找到了一家舒适的旅馆.
Example: We found a comfortable hotel in the town.
督
Pinyin: dū
Traditional: 督
Original Meaning: “to supervise; to oversee” — “监管、监督”
Actual Meaning: “to direct, guide, or monitor work and ensure proper conduct” — “指导、督促或监控工作，确保按规执行”
Common Words:
督促 – Explanation: “urge for prompt action” — “催促、促使”
Example: 他每天督促团队完成任务.
Example: He urges the team daily to complete tasks.
监督 – Explanation: “oversee and monitor” — “监管、监察”
Example: 老板严格监督生产过程.
Example: The boss strictly monitors the production process.
督导 – Explanation: “guide and supervise” — “指导与监管”
Example: 校长亲自督导学校改革.
Example: The principal personally supervised the school’s reforms.
督查 – Explanation: “inspect rigorously” — “彻底检查”
Example: 政府加强了对工程的督查.
Example: The government intensified its inspection of the project.
督 emphasizes guiding and urging action—focusing on directing and ensuring that tasks or duties are performed.
监 focuses on continuous oversight and observation—aiming to detect irregularities by watching processes or behaviors.
查 and 检 both involve examination: 查 is used for investigating or checking for problems or illegalities, while 检 implies a systematic inspection or testing of quality and condition.
管 means to manage or be in charge, involving overall responsibility and administration.
督 emphasizes guiding and urging actions, ensuring that tasks are performed as required.
监, 查, 检 focus on oversight and detailed examination—watching processes, investigating issues, or inspecting quality.
弥
Pinyin: mí2
Traditional: 彌
Original Meaning: “to fill; to extend continuously” — “充满；延绵不断”
Actual Meaning: “refers to spreading, permeating, or compensating in a gradual or complete way” — “指逐渐充满、弥漫或补足不足”
Common Words:
弥漫 – Explanation: “spread throughout completely” — “遍布开来”
Example: 花香弥漫整个房间.
Example: The fragrance spread throughout the room.
弥补 – Explanation: “make up for deficiency” — “填补不足”
Example: 他努力弥补技术上的不足.
Example: He works hard to make up for his shortcomings.
弥足珍贵 – Explanation: “extremely precious, invaluable” — “十分珍贵”
Example: 这古董弥足珍贵，世上罕有.
Example: This antique is truly extremely precious.
弥勒 – Explanation: “the future Buddha; symbol of joy” — “未来佛陀”
Example: 人们热切期待弥勒带来新希望.
Example: People eagerly await the coming Buddha.
Pinyin: mí lè
Traditional: 彌勒
In Buddhist tradition, 弥勒 is the Chinese transliteration of the Sanskrit “Maitreya,” the future Buddha who is prophesied to appear on Earth. According to belief, when the teachings of Gautama Buddha have faded from the world, 弥勒 will descend from the Tushita Heaven to teach and lead humanity into a new era of enlightenment and compassion. Often depicted as a joyful, benevolent figure—sometimes portrayed with a smiling face and ample physique—弥勒 symbolizes hope, renewal, and the promise of a better future for all beings.
陀
Pinyin: tuó
Traditional: 陀
Original Meaning: “a mound or heap; a slight elevation” — “土堆；微起”
Actual Meaning: “primarily used in compounds referring to spinning objects or Buddhist mantras” — “主要用于与旋转物体或佛经真言相关的合成词”
Common Words:
陀螺 – Explanation: spinning top toy — “旋转的小玩具”
Example: 孩子们在院子里玩陀螺.
Example: Children played with spinning tops in the yard.
陀飞轮 – Explanation: tourbillon mechanism in watches — “机械表中的旋转机构”
Example: 这款手表内置陀飞轮提升精度.
Example: This watch features a tourbillon mechanism to enhance precision.
陀子 – Explanation: another term for a spinning top — “小型旋转玩具”
Example: 他用陀子表演了精彩技巧.
Example: He performed impressive tricks with his spinning top.
陀罗尼 – Explanation: Buddhist chant or mantra — “佛经中的真言”
Example: 僧侣每天诵读陀罗尼求得平安.
Example: Monks recite the mantra daily to seek peace.
港
gang3 - harbor/port - Does not change from traditional
氵+ 巷
香港
寂
ji4 - does not change from traditional
宀 + 叔
silent/solitary
寂寞 - jimo (Lonely)
寂静 (寂靜)
寞
Pinyin: mò
Traditional: 寞
Original Meaning: “lonely; deserted” — “孤单；荒凉”
Actual Meaning: “refers to a state of loneliness, desolation, or emotional emptiness” — “表示孤独、凄凉或情感空虚的状态”
Common Words:
寂寞 – Explanation: “lonely and bored” — “孤独无聊”
Example: 他在异乡感到非常寂寞.
Example: He felt very lonely in a foreign land.
孤寞 – Explanation: “solitary and desolate” — “孤独凄凉”
Example: 她独自走在孤寞的街道上.
Example: She walked alone on the lonely street.
寞然 – Explanation: “indifferent, with a touch of loneliness” — “默然无语带孤寂”
Example: 听完那番话后，他寞然不语.
Example: After hearing those words, he remained silently indifferent.
寞然神伤 – Explanation: “overwhelmed by deep, desolate sorrow” — “满怀凄凉与伤感”
Example: 离别之后，他总是寞然神伤.
Example: After the farewell, he was often overcome with desolate sorrow.
霞
Pinyin: xiá
Traditional: 霞
Original Meaning: “rosy clouds; glowing clouds” — “彩霞；带有红色或橙色光芒的云”
Actual Meaning: “refers to the colorful, radiant clouds typically seen at sunrise or sunset” — “指日出或日落时分绚丽多彩的云彩”
Common Words:
晚霞 – Explanation: “sunset glow; red clouds at dusk” — “傍晚时分的红云”
Example: 晚霞映红了整个天空.
Example: The sunset glow painted the entire sky red.
朝霞 – Explanation: “dawn glow; clouds illuminated by the morning sun” — “清晨时分的彩云”
Example: 朝霞预示着新一天的开始.
Example: The dawn glow heralded the start of a new day.
霞光 – Explanation: “the glow of the clouds” — “云彩发出的光芒”
Example: 霞光洒满了大地.
Example: The glow of the clouds bathed the earth.
霞蔚 – Explanation: “splendid, colorful clouds” — “绚丽多彩的云彩”
Example: 天空中霞蔚云蒸，美不胜收.
Example: The sky was adorned with splendid, colorful clouds.
颊
Pinyin: jiá
Traditional: 頰
Original Meaning: “the fleshy part of the side of the face” — “面部侧面柔软部分”
Actual Meaning: “refers to the cheek area of the face, often used to describe facial expressions or features” — “指面部颊部，常用于描述面部表情或特征”
Common Words:
双颊 – Explanation: “both cheeks; left and right” — “左右两侧面颊”
Example: 他笑时双颊泛起红晕.
Example: His cheeks flushed with a rosy hue when he laughed.
红颊 – Explanation: “rosy, red cheeks” — “红润的面颊”
Example: 小孩开心时露出红颊.
Example: The child’s laughter revealed rosy cheeks.
颊骨 – Explanation: “cheekbone; facial bone” — “面部颊部的骨骼”
Example: 她的颊骨线条分明.
Example: Her cheekbones were well-defined.
腮颊 – Explanation: “cheek area; side of the face” — “面部侧边区域”
Example: 他轻拍腮颊表达亲昵.
Example: He gently patted his cheek to show affection.
Both 脸颊 and 面颊 refer to the cheeks of the face, but:
脸颊 is the more common, everyday term used in spoken and written Chinese.
面颊 tends to be more literary or formal and is less frequently used in casual conversation.
In most contexts, they mean the same thing, with 脸颊 being preferred in modern usage.
惆 and 怅 tend to go together for the word 惆怅 (惆悵)
Pinyin: chóu chàng
Dictionary Meaning:
An adjective describing a state of lingering melancholy, wistfulness, or sadness, often accompanied by a sense of regret or longing. — “形容心情忧郁、惆怅，有时伴有遗憾或思念之情”
Example:
他站在旧街道上，心中满是惆怅.
He stood on the old street, filled with a sense of melancholy.
凌
Pinyin: líng
Traditional: 凌
Original Meaning: “to ascend; to rise above; to oppress or bully” — “上升；超越；欺侮”
Actual Meaning: “refers to surpassing or dominating, as well as to oppress or mistreat someone in a forceful or domineering manner” — “指超越或高于，同时也指以强势压迫、欺侮他人”
Common Words:
凌驾 – Explanation: “to surpass or dominate” — “超越，压倒性地高于”
Example: 他凌驾于所有竞争者之上.
Example: He towers over all his competitors.
欺凌 – Explanation: “to bully or mistreat” — “霸凌，欺负”
Example: 校园内应严禁欺凌行为.
Example: Bullying behavior should be strictly prohibited in schools.
冰凌 – Explanation: “icicle; ice stalactite” — “冰柱，冰挂”
Example: 冬天，屋檐上挂满了冰凌.
Example: In winter, icicles hung from the eaves.
凌迟 – Explanation: “a form of execution by slow slicing (an ancient cruel penalty)” — “古代残酷的处死方式”
Example: 古代刑法中，凌迟被视为最残忍的死刑之一.
Example: In ancient times, lingchi was considered one of the cruelest forms of execution.
扶
Pinyin: fú
Traditional: 扶
Original Meaning: “to support; to help up” — “扶持；协助”
Actual Meaning: “refers to providing physical or figurative support, helping someone or something to stand or develop” — “表示提供身体上或精神上的支撑，帮助某人或某事发展”
Common Words:
扶持 – Explanation: “to support and encourage” — “给予帮助和支持”
Example: 他始终扶持家族企业不断发展.
Example: He has consistently supported and encouraged the family business to grow.
扶手 – Explanation: “handrail; support provided for holding” — “供扶持或把握的部件”
Example: 公共汽车上设有扶手方便乘客.
Example: The bus is equipped with handrails to assist passengers.
搀扶 – Explanation: “to help someone physically by supporting them” — “用手臂或其他方式帮助支撑”
Example: 老人走路时需要有人搀扶.
Example: The elderly often need someone to help them walk.
扶养 – Explanation: “to bring up and support (family, children, etc.)” — “抚养及供养”
Example: 他努力工作以便扶养年幼的兄弟姐妹.
Example: He works hard to support and raise his younger siblings.
誉
Pinyin: yù
Traditional: 誉
Original Meaning: “reputation; praise” — “名声；赞扬”
Actual Meaning: “refers to the honor, acclaim, and reputation one gains through notable achievements or virtuous behavior” — “指因成就或美德而获得的荣誉与好评”
Common Words:
荣誉 – Explanation: “honor; accolade” — “因成就而获得的称赞和奖项”
Example: 他因贡献卓著而获得了国家荣誉.
Example: He received national honors for his outstanding contributions.
赞誉 – Explanation: “praise; acclaim” — “广泛受到的赞扬”
Example: 这部电影赢得了影评人的广泛赞誉.
Example: The film received widespread acclaim from critics.
美誉 – Explanation: “good reputation; commendation” — “获得的良好声誉”
Example: 他在业内享有极高的美誉.
Example: He enjoys an excellent reputation in the industry.
声誉 – Explanation: “reputation; renown” — “社会上获得的认可与名望”
Example: 这位作家的声誉远播海外.
Example: The writer’s reputation has spread overseas.
Difference between 信誉 (信譽), 荣誉 (榮譽), and 名誉:
信誉
Refers to credibility and trustworthiness earned through consistent and reliable behavior.
Emphasizes the degree to which individuals or organizations are deemed reliable and honest.
Example: A business with good 信誉 earns customer trust over time.
荣誉
Denotes honor or accolades received in recognition of outstanding achievements.
It is often an award or formal recognition granted by institutions or society.
Example: Receiving a prestigious award brings significant 荣誉.
名誉
Refers to one’s overall reputation or public standing, which may be influenced by achievements, behavior, and public perception.
It can be positive or negative, reflecting how society views an individual or entity.
肆
Pinyin: sì
Traditional: 肆
Original Meaning: “to act wantonly; to indulge” — “放纵、无度”
Actual Meaning: “used to describe behavior that is unrestrained or reckless, often implying excess or abuse; also a formal numeral for four in financial contexts” — “指行为上无拘无束、过分任性；在书面中也用于表示数字“四””
Common Words:
放肆 – Explanation: “acting arrogantly or recklessly” — “行为过分、肆无忌惮”
Example: 他讲话太放肆了.
Example: He spoke in a very overbearing manner.
肆意 – Explanation: “to do as one pleases without restraint” — “随心所欲，无所顾忌”
Example: 他肆意挥霍家产.
Example: He recklessly squandered his fortune.
肆虐 – Explanation: “to run rampant; to devastate” — “猛烈破坏”
Example: 台风正肆虐沿海地区.
Example: The typhoon is ravaging the coastal areas.
肆无忌惮 – Explanation: “acting without any regard for consequences” — “毫无顾忌，任意妄为”
Example: 他在批评别人时肆无忌惮.
Example: He criticized others without any restraint.
弯
Pinyin: wān
Traditional: 彎
Original Meaning: “bent; curved” — “弯曲；有弯度”
Actual Meaning: “refers to something that is not straight but has a bend or curve, applicable both to physical shapes and metaphorical expressions” — “表示事物不直，具有弯曲形状，也可形容抽象意义上的曲折”
Common Words:
弯曲 – Explanation: “curved; not straight” — “呈现弯曲形状”
Example: 这条道路非常弯曲.
Example: This road is very curved.
弯道 – Explanation: “a bend or curve (especially on a road)” — “道路中的弯角”
Example: 他在弯道上驾驶时十分小心.
Example: He drives very carefully on the curves.
弯腰 – Explanation: “to bend one’s waist; to stoop” — “使身体向下弯曲”
Example: 她弯腰拾起了掉落的钥匙.
Example: She bent down to pick up the fallen keys.
弯弯 – Explanation: “curved or crescent-shaped; often describing a gentle curve” — “形容柔和的弧度”
Example: 月亮在夜空中弯弯如钩.
Example: The moon hung in the night sky, curved like a hook.
裳
Pinyin: chang2 / shang2 (Not clear what is going on here)
Traditional: 裳
Original Meaning: “skirt; lower garment” — “裙子；下装”
Actual Meaning: “refers to a garment worn on the lower part of the body, often evoking elegance or traditional style in classical literature” — “指穿在下半身的衣物，常用于古文中表达服饰雅致”
Common Words:
衣裳 – Explanation: “clothes; garments” — “服装，衣物”
Example: 她穿着精致的衣裳参加晚宴.
Example: She wore exquisite garments to the banquet.
裳裙 – Explanation: “skirt; dress (feminine attire)” — “裙子，女性下装”
Example: 她的裳裙随风飘逸.
Example: Her skirt flowed gracefully in the wind.
裳服 – Explanation: “traditional formal attire” — “古代正装，服饰”
Example: 古代士大夫讲究裳服的搭配.
Example: Ancient scholars paid great attention to matching their formal attire.
裳裾 – Explanation: “hem or edge of a garment” — “衣服的下摆”
Example: 她细致地整理着裳裾.
Example: She carefully adjusted the hem of her garment.
脊
Pinyin: jǐ
Traditional: 脊
Original Meaning: “spine; backbone” — “脊柱；承载身体的中轴”
Actual Meaning: “refers to the central supporting structure of a body (literal or metaphorical), such as a spine or ridge” — “指身体的主要支撑结构或山脊般的中轴”
Common Words:
脊柱 – Explanation: “the spine or backbone of the body” — “支撑身体的主要骨骼”
Example: 长时间弯腰可能会损伤脊柱.
Example: Prolonged bending may damage the spine.
山脊 – Explanation: “mountain ridge; the line of peaks” — “山峰的中轴线”
Example: 我们沿着山脊行走，欣赏美丽的风景.
Example: We walked along the mountain ridge, enjoying the beautiful scenery.
脊梁 – Explanation: “backbone; figuratively, the main support or pillar” — “比喻最重要的支柱”
Example: 他是公司无可争议的脊梁.
Example: He is the undisputed backbone of the company.
脊背 – Explanation: “the back (upper part); often referring to the part along the spine” — “背部紧贴脊柱的部分”
Example: 他在烈日下汗流浃背，感觉脊背发凉.
Example: Under the scorching sun, he was drenched in sweat, feeling a chill along his back.
柱
Pinyin: zhù
Traditional: 柱
Original Meaning: “pillar; column” — “支撑的竖立结构”
Actual Meaning: “refers to a vertical support structure used in architecture or metaphorically as a mainstay or backbone of an organization” — “指建筑中用以支撑或装饰的竖立构件，也可比喻为主要支柱”
Common Words:
支柱 – Explanation: “a supporting pillar, literal or metaphorical” — “起支撑作用的柱子或核心力量”
Example: 他是团队的坚强支柱.
Example: He is the strong pillar of the team.
柱子 – Explanation: “a column or post” — “建筑中用作支撑或装饰的柱子”
Example: 大厅里摆放着装饰精美的柱子.
Example: The hall is adorned with beautifully decorated columns.
灯柱 – Explanation: “lamp post; streetlight column” — “供安装路灯的柱子”
Example: 夜晚街道上，灯柱散发柔和的光.
Example: At night, the lamp posts cast a gentle light on the street.
桥柱 – Explanation: “bridge pillar; the vertical supports of a bridge” — “支撑桥梁结构的重要柱子”
Example: 这座桥的桥柱设计得非常坚固.
Example: The bridge pillars of this structure are designed to be extremely sturdy.
横
Pinyin: héng
Traditional: 橫
Original Meaning: “across; horizontal” — “横向，横过”
Actual Meaning: “refers both to the horizontal orientation and to acting in an arbitrary or domineering manner” — “既指水平或横向排列，也指行为上横行霸道”
Common Words:
横行 – Explanation: “to run rampant or act arrogantly” — “为所欲为，横行霸道”
Example: 坏人横行乡里, 损害民生.
Example: Villains run rampant in the region, harming the people.
横跨 – Explanation: “to span across or extend over” — “跨越; 伸展到对面”
Example: 那座桥横跨大江.
Example: The bridge spans across the great river.
横幅 – Explanation: “a banner or sign displayed horizontally” — “悬挂的条幅”
Example: 市中心挂起了庆祝活动的横幅.
Example: A banner celebrating the event was hung in the city center.
横扫 – Explanation: “to sweep across; to defeat decisively” — “彻底击败，横扫千军”
Example: 这支球队在比赛中横扫所有对手.
Example: The team swept all its opponents in the match.
妙趣横生 (妙趣橫生)
磨
Different to 魔
Pinyin: mó2
Traditional: 磨
Original Meaning: “to grind; to rub” — “研磨；摩擦”
Actual Meaning: Refers both to the physical act of grinding/rubbing and the figurative sense of enduring hardship or being worn down — 表示研磨动作，也引申为忍受磨难或被消耗
Common Words:
磨炼 – Explanation: “to temper through hardship” — “通过艰难经历锻炼意志”
Example: 困难能磨炼人的意志.
Example: Hardships can temper a person’s will.
磨碎 – Explanation: “to grind into powder” — “研磨成粉”
Example: 他把药材磨碎后泡茶喝.
Example: He ground the herbs and brewed them into tea.
折磨 – Explanation: “to torment; cause suffering” — “使人痛苦”
Example: 病痛长期折磨着他.
Example: The illness tormented him for a long time.
磨蹭 – Explanation: “to dawdle; to move slowly” — “拖延、动作迟缓”
Example: 上学别再磨蹭，快走！
Example: Stop dawdling, hurry up to school!
好事多磨 - The road to happiness is strewn with setbacks.
碎
sui4 - to break down/to break into pieces/fragmentary
杂
- 九 + 朩
*丿 (bend), ㇈ (N/A), 十 (ten), 小 (small)
Pinyin: zá2
Traditional: 雜
Original Meaning: “mixed; miscellaneous” — “混杂；各种各样”
Actual Meaning: “refers to a state where different elements or items are mixed together, often implying a lack of order or uniformity” — “指各种成分混合在一起，常带有不整齐或纷繁复杂的意味”
Common Words:
杂志 – Explanation: “magazine; periodical” — “定期出版，收集各种文章和图片的刊物”
Example: 他每天阅读一本杂志.
Example: He reads a magazine every day.
杂乱 – Explanation: “messy; disorganized” — “混乱无序”
Example: 房间里的东西显得十分杂乱.
Example: The room is very messy.
杂技 – Explanation: “acrobatics; variety performance” — “集各种技艺表演于一体的节目”
Example: 我们去看了一场精彩的杂技表演.
Example: We watched a spectacular acrobatic performance.
杂交 – Explanation: “hybrid; crossbreed” — “不同种类交叉产生的混合品种”
Example: 科学家培育了一种新的杂交水稻.
Example: Scientists have developed a new hybrid rice variety.
梁
Pinyin: liáng
Traditional: 梁
Original Meaning: “beam; horizontal support” — “建筑中用以支撑屋顶或上层结构的横梁”
Actual Meaning: “refers to a structural element (beam) that supports weight in architecture, and it is also used metaphorically to denote a main support or connecting element; additionally, 梁 is a common Chinese surname” — “指建筑中用来承重的横梁，也可比喻为支柱、联系纽带，同时也是一个常见姓氏”
Common Words:
桥梁 – Explanation: “bridge; a structure spanning a gap” — “连接两岸或两地的桥”
Example: 这座新建的桥梁连接了两岸, 缩短了通行时间.
Example: The newly built bridge connects the two banks, shortening travel time.
横梁 – Explanation: “crossbeam; a horizontal support in a structure” — “建筑中横向放置用于承重的梁”
Example: 工程师加强了房屋的横梁以确保稳定性.
Example: Engineers reinforced the crossbeams of the house to ensure its stability.
梁柱 – Explanation: “beams and columns; main supports in architecture” — “构成建筑骨架的重要支撑”
Example: 古建筑的梁柱构造展示了精湛的技艺.
Example: The beams and columns of the ancient building showcase exquisite craftsmanship.
梁上君子 – Explanation: “literally ‘gentlemen on the beam’; a euphemistic term for thieves” — “比喻窃贼，源自旧时窃贼藏于屋梁之上”
Example: 古人用‘梁上君子’来讽刺那些行窃之徒.
Example: In ancient times, the term “gentlemen on the beam” was used to satirize thieves.
舰
舟 (boat) + 见 (see)
jiàn4
Traditional: 艦
Original Meaning: “warship; vessel” — “用于军事用途的船只”
Actual Meaning: “refers to a naval ship, typically designed for combat, used by a nation’s navy for defense and warfare” — “指军队中用于海上作战的船只”
Common Words:
Flag - 旗舰 (旗艦)旗舰店 (旗艦店)
军舰 – Explanation: “warship; military vessel” — “供海军作战的船只”
Example: 他在军舰上服役.
Example: He serves on a warship.
驱逐舰 – Explanation: “destroyer; a fast, agile warship” — “专门用于驱逐敌方战舰的高速军舰”
Example: 驱逐舰正在海上巡逻.
Example: The destroyer is patrolling the sea.
舰队 – Explanation: “fleet; a group of warships” — “由多艘军舰组成的海上作战群体”
Example: 海军舰队在海上进行演习.
Example: The naval fleet is conducting exercises at sea.
舰桥 – Explanation: “bridge of a ship; command center on a warship” — “舰只上的指挥控制区域”
Example: 指挥官在舰桥上下达命令.
Example: The commander issued orders from the ship’s bridge.
域
Pinyin: yù4
Traditional: 域
Original Meaning: “area; territory; region” — “范围；地域”
Actual Meaning: “refers to a designated area or field, used in contexts ranging from geography and administration to academic or technological domains” — “指特定的地域、范围或领域，常用于地理、行政、学术或技术语境”
Common Words:
领域 – Explanation: “domain; field; area of expertise” — “专业或活动的范畴”
Example: 她在医学领域取得了杰出成就.
Example: She achieved outstanding accomplishments in the field of medicine.
区域 – Explanation: “region; area; zone” — “划分出来的地理或行政区域”
Example: 这个区域气候温暖湿润.
Example: This region has a warm and humid climate.
域名 – Explanation: “domain name (on the internet)” — “互联网上的网站地址名称”
Example: 请注册一个新的域名用于公司网站.
Example: Please register a new domain name for the company website.
保护区 – Explanation: “protected area; reserve” — “为保护生态或资源而设立的特定区域”
Example: 这座自然保护区拥有丰富的野生动植物.
Example: This nature reserve is home to a rich variety of wildlife.
区域 (區域)
领域 (領域)
域名
野
Pinyin: yě
Traditional: 野
Original Meaning: “field; open land” — “原意指广阔的田野或荒野”
Actual Meaning: “refers to the wilderness, uncultivated or open nature; used both literally for the countryside and metaphorically to describe untamed, raw qualities or ambitions” — “指自然界中未被人工驯化的部分，也形容未经雕饰、粗犷甚至野心勃勃的特质”
Common Words:
野外 – Explanation: “outdoors; in the open country” — “户外，广阔的野地”
Example: 他们决定周末去野外露营.
Example: They decided to go camping in the outdoors over the weekend.
野生 – Explanation: “wild; naturally grown” — “非人工养殖的，生长在自然状态下的”
Example: 这只野生动物非常罕见.
Example: This wild animal is very rare.
野心 – Explanation: “ambition; aspiration (often with a connotation of raw or untamed ambition)” — “不受约束的雄心或抱负”
Example: 他从小就有改变世界的野心.
Example: He has had a wild ambition to change the world since childhood.
野蛮 – Explanation: “barbaric; uncivilized” — “粗野无礼，未开化”
Example: 那场斗殴显得十分野蛮.
Example: That brawl appeared extremely barbaric.
郑
Zheng4 - Zheng state during the Warring States period/surname Zheng/abbr. for 鄭州|郑州[Zheng4 zhou1]
- 郑州 (鄭州)
- 新郑 (新鄭)
- 郑 (鄭)
- 郑州市 (鄭州市) - Capital of Henan province
- 郑重 (鄭重)
雅
Pinyin: yǎ3
Traditional: 雅
Original Meaning: “elegant; refined” — “优雅、文雅”
Actual Meaning: “refers to qualities of refinement, tastefulness, and sophistication in manners, language, or aesthetics” — “表示举止、语言或艺术风格上的高雅与精致”
Common Words:
典雅 – Explanation: “exquisitely elegant” — “风格古朴而高雅”
Example: 这座古建筑充满典雅的韵味.
Example: This ancient building exudes an exquisitely elegant charm.
文雅 – Explanation: “cultured and refined” — “举止或言谈文雅得体”
Example: 她的谈吐十分文雅.
Example: Her speech is very cultured and refined.
雅致 – Explanation: “tastefully elegant” — “具有精致优雅的风格”
Example: 桌上的装饰布置得雅致而别致.
Example: The table decor is arranged in a tastefully elegant manner.
雅士 – Explanation: “a refined gentleman or cultured person” — “具有高雅气质的人”
Example: 他以博学多才和雅士风范闻名.
Example: He is renowned for his erudition and cultured demeanor.
婷
Pinyin: tíng
Traditional: 婷
Original Meaning: “graceful; elegant” — “优雅；柔美”
兵 and 宾 and 滨
【兵】
Pinyin: bīng
Traditional: 兵
Original Meaning: “soldier; warrior” — “军人；武士”
Actual Meaning: “refers to military personnel or armed forces, emphasizing the combat or martial aspect” — “指从事武装斗争或防御任务的军人”
Common Words:
士兵 – Explanation: “infantry soldier” — “普通军人”
Example: 士兵在边境巡逻.
Example: The soldiers patrol the border.
兵器 – Explanation: “weapons; arms” — “用于战斗的器械”
Example: 古代兵器展示了独特的工艺.
Example: Ancient weapons showcased unique craftsmanship.
兵团 – Explanation: “military corps or unit” — “组织严密的军队单位”
Example: 这支兵团执行了艰巨任务.
Example: This military unit carried out a challenging mission.
步兵 – Explanation: “infantry; foot soldier” — “步行作战的士兵”
Example: 步兵在战场上展现出非凡勇气.
Example: The infantry displayed extraordinary courage on the battlefield.
【宾】
Pinyin: bīn
Traditional: 賓
Original Meaning: “guest; visitor” — “来访者；受邀者”
Actual Meaning: “refers to someone who is invited or receives hospitality, often used to indicate distinguished visitors” — “指受邀到场或受款待的人”
Common Words:
宾客 – Explanation: “guests; visitors” — “前来受款待的客人”
Example: 宾客陆续到达宴会厅.
Example: Guests arrived in succession at the banquet hall.
贵宾 – Explanation: “distinguished guest; VIP” — “身份显赫的客人”
Example: 贵宾室专为重要客户准备.
Example: The VIP lounge is reserved for important clients.
宾馆 – Explanation: “hotel; guesthouse” — “供旅客住宿的场所”
Example: 我们住在市中心的一家宾馆.
Example: We stayed at a hotel in the city center.
宾主 – Explanation: “host and guest” — “接待双方”
Example: 在这次聚会上，宾主尽欢.
Example: At this gathering, both host and guests enjoyed themselves.
【滨】
Pinyin: bīn
Traditional: 濱
Original Meaning: “shore; bank” — “水边；河岸、海岸”
Actual Meaning: “refers to the edge or bank of a body of water, used especially in geographical or scenic contexts” — “指水体边缘，常用于描述沿海或河边的地区”
Common Words:
海滨 – Explanation: “seaside; coastal area” — “靠近海洋的地区”
Example: 我们在海滨度过了一个愉快的假期.
Example: We spent a pleasant holiday at the seaside.
河滨 – Explanation: “riverbank; riverside” — “靠近河流的地方”
Example: 河滨公园是散步的好去处.
Example: The riverside park is a great place for a walk.
滨海 – Explanation: “coastal; near the sea” — “靠海的地区”
Example: 滨海城市因海风而气候宜人.
Example: Coastal cities enjoy pleasant weather thanks to the sea breeze.
滨江 – Explanation: “riverside (area)” — “沿江的地区”
Example: 滨江大道上风景优美，吸引了许多游客.
Example: The riverside boulevard boasts beautiful scenery and attracts many tourists.
随
随遇而安
涉
Pinyin: shè
Traditional: 涉
Original Meaning: “to wade across (water); to ford” — “涉水过河”
Actual Meaning: “refers both to physically crossing water or obstacles and to being involved in or touching upon a subject” — “既指涉水而过，也可引申为涉及、牵连或触及某事”
Common Words:
涉及 – Explanation: “to involve; to relate to or touch upon”
Example: 这个项目涉及多个部门.
Example: This project involves several departments.
涉足 – Explanation: “to step into; to venture into a new field”
Example: 他最近开始涉足金融行业.
Example: He has recently begun venturing into the finance industry.
涉猎 – Explanation: “to have some acquaintance with; to dabble in”
Example: 她广泛涉猎各种文学作品.
Example: She has dabbled in various kinds of literature.
涉水 – Explanation: “to wade through water; to cross by wading”
Example: 我们小心翼翼地涉水过河.
Example: We carefully waded across the river.
素
sù4 - Does not change from traditional
Originally meant:
* Plain / unadorned / simple
* Raw silk (uncolored, natural)
So the core idea is: something pure, natural, and without decoration.
When 素 is used in modern words, it adds meanings like:
- Plain (no decoration or additions)
- Vegetarian / without meat
- Basic or fundamental (inherent quality)
- Unchanging / pure
Over time, 素 evolved from meaning plain/simple to also meaning the basic building block — something in its original, unprocessed state. That’s how it gives meaning in both 因素 and 元素.
🔹 1. 因素 (yīnsù) = factor, cause
因 = cause / reason
素 = element / component
🧠 So:
因素 = an element that causes something
(a causal factor — one of the key building blocks behind a result)
🌱 Example:
成功的因素 = factors of success
压力是失败的一个因素 = Stress is one of the factors of failure
🔹 2. 元素 (yuánsù) = element (like in chemistry or logic)
元 = original / primary / source
素 = base component
🧠 So:
元素 = a fundamental component of something
(e.g., hydrogen, oxygen — the basic parts that make up all matter)
🌱 Example:
氢是一种化学元素 = Hydrogen is a chemical element
元素
因素
素
素材
素质 (素質)
维生素 (維生素)
评
評 (píng)
Originally means to judge, to evaluate, or to comment. It comes from the idea of analyzing or giving an assessment. In ancient times, it was often used to describe the act of weighing something in terms of its worth or quality.
When used in combination with other characters, 评 typically adds the meaning of evaluation, judgment, or assessment. Here’s how 评 is used in various words:
评论 (pínglùn) – to comment, commentary
Here, 评 means judgment, and 论 means theory or discourse. Together, they refer to the act of commenting or providing a discussion about something, often in a critical or evaluative sense.
评价 (píngjià) – to evaluate, evaluation
In this case, 评 adds the sense of judging, and 价 means price or value. Together, they describe the act of assessing the value or quality of something.
评估 (pínggū) – to assess, assessment
评 means to judge, and 估 means to estimate. This term is often used in more formal contexts like assessing a situation, project, or person’s abilities.
评选 (píngxuǎn) – to select through evaluation
评 means to judge, and 选 means to choose or select. Together, they refer to the process of selecting someone or something based on evaluation or criteria.
In each of these words, 评 is the element that emphasizes the idea of judgment or evaluation, making it central to the meaning of the word.
副
Fu4 - Does not change from traiditional
副 originally carried the sense of something “attached” or “supplementary.” In early usages, it often denoted a secondary or accompanying part—implying an item or person that “comes with” or “supports” a main one
Evolution: As society’s organizational structures became more formalized, the idea of “secondary” or “supporting” evolved into specific roles (like deputy or assistant) and additional meanings (such as a duplicate or copy).
副总统 (vice president)
or 副理 (assistant manager)
Thus, by attaching 副 to 词, the term 副词 was coined to designate words that serve an auxiliary, modifying role in sentence structure.
In essence, 副词 (adverbs) are seen as supplementary words that add nuance (such as manner, degree, or time) to the main elements of a sentence.
绩 (績)
ji4
The character 績) originally had a concrete, tangible meaning connected with silk production. In ancient times, 绩 referred to the threads or products that came from the weaving process
Today, it is most commonly used in abstract terms to denote the results or achievements of one’s efforts. You can see it in words like 成绩 (chéngjì), referring to academic or performance results, and 业绩 (yèjì), which describes business or work performance.
演
yan3 - Does not change from traditional.
The character 演 originally carried the idea of “unfolding” or “developing.” In its earliest uses, it conveyed the notion of something being gradually revealed or extended—implying a process in which events or stories were “unrolled” before an audience. Over time, this sense of unfolding evolved into the idea of performing or presenting a narrative in a staged or systematic way.
演出 (yǎnchū): referring to a theatrical or stage performance.
演讲 (yǎnjiǎng): meaning to deliver a speech.
演奏 (yǎnzòu): which is used for musical performances.
演化 (yǎnhuà): where the idea of gradual unfolding extends metaphorically to describe evolution or development over time.
伊
Yi1 - surname Yi/abbr. for Iraq or Iran
Today, 伊 is not commonly used as a pronoun in modern standard Chinese. Instead, its primary uses include:
Surname: 伊 is used as a family name.
Transliteration: It appears in the transliteration of foreign names and place names (e.g., 伊拉克 for “Iraq”).
He/she - Literary and Classical Texts: Occasionally, it retains an archaic or stylistic function in literature, echoing its historical usage
伊
伊始
伊朗
伊斯坦布尔 (伊斯坦布爾)
伊拉克
武
Martial/Warrior Essence:
In its early forms, 武 was associated directly with war and combat. The character’s structure—with elements that hint at weapons or fighting—reflected its original use to denote military activities and the qualities of a warrior.
Now:
- Martial Arts:
- Military Context: 武器 (weapons) and 武力 (military force)
- Cultural things with some relation to martial arts
眯
Mi1 - 眯了一会儿
- 眯一会 / 眯一觉 (mī yí huì / mī yí jiào)
- 打瞌睡 (dǎ kēshuì)
Literally “hit/do a doze,” which translates to “doze off,” often unintentionally or in a place you’re not supposed to sleep (like in class or a meeting).
惬
qie4 - 惬意
革
Gé2 - Does not change from traditional
It originally depicted an animal hide and carried the meaning of “leather” or “rawhide.” Over the centuries, this basic sense of “stripped-off skin” expanded to include ideas of “removing,” “changing,” or “reforming,” because working leather (tanning it, transforming it) was a significant act of change. In modern Chinese, 革 still keeps both its literal sense related to hides and leather, as well as its figurative sense of reform or revolution.
皮革 (pígé): “leather and hides.”
革履 (gélǚ): A literary/formal word for “leather shoes.”
改革 (gǎigé): “reform.”
革命 (gémìng): “revolution.”
革新 (géxīn): “innovate” or “renew.”
革勒鞋霸
划
规划 = Long-range, strategic, large-scale, macro
计划 = Short- to medium-term, specific tasks, micro
摘
zhāi1 - Does not change from traditional
扌+ 啇
啇 is not the same as 商
Fundamentally, means “to pluck,” “to pick,” or “to remove (by picking)”.
This is most directly applied in contexts such as gathering fruit or flowers.
It can also convey the act of extracting or selecting a part from a whole, as seen in phrases like 摘录, meaning “to excerpt” or “to quote” from a text.
Extended or Metaphorical Uses:
Due to its primary sense of “picking out,” 摘 has evolved into metaphorical contexts:
In academic or editorial contexts, 摘 is used in 摘要 (“abstract” or “summary”), where it implies selecting the most essential content from a larger work.
In everyday language, it may also be employed figuratively to denote “taking off” or “removing” parts of something, though its most common uses remain closely tied to the original notion of manually plucking or choosing an element.
采摘 (採摘):
Means “to pick or gather,” often used for collecting fruits or vegetables; it emphasizes the act of harvesting produce.
摘下:
Means “to pluck off or remove,” implying the physical detachment of something (e.g., picking a flower off its stem).
摘取:
Means “to pick out or select,” focusing on the choice or extraction of something, be it fruit, a sample, or even information.
文摘:
Refers to an “abstract” or “digest” of a text—a concise summary or a collection of selected literary or academic extracts.
译
译文 (譯文) - Translated text
諧 - 谐
xié2 - harmonious
Fundamentally, 諧 means “harmonious” or “in concord.” It embodies the idea of things being in tune or agreement, whether in sound, behavior, or overall balance.
和諧 (hé xié):
Means “harmonious” or “in harmony.” It is commonly used to describe balanced relationships, social stability, or well-matched elements.
諧音 (xié yīn):
Refers to a pun or homophone—leveraging similar sounds for humorous or rhetorical effect.
幽默諧趣:
Although less common as a fixed phrase, this compound highlights the role of 諧 in describing humorous or witty aspects.
填
tian2 - Does not change from traditional
填空 - fill the blanks
兴
胶水 - Color pen, glue - Cǎisè bǐ, jiāoshuǐ
狡猾
掩
扌+ 奄 (大 + 电)
yǎn3 - Does not change from traditional
Primarily means “to cover,” “to hide,” or “to conceal.” It involves the act of obscuring something from view or awareness, either physically or metaphorically.
掩 can be used alone in certain contexts, especially in literary language, but in modern everyday language it is more commonly employed as part of a compound
掩 emphasizes the action of covering something so that it is not visible.
藏 often implies storing something away or keeping it hidden over a longer period.
Contextual Connotation:
掩 is often used to suggest deliberate concealment, sometimes with a negative connotation (e.g., covering up mistakes).
藏 can be neutral and might even have a protective or strategic tone (e.g., safeguarding valuables or emotions).
掩盖 (yǎngài): To cover up, conceal, or hide facts, often used in the context of hiding mistakes or wrongdoing.
掩饰 (yǎnshì): To disguise or mask true feelings or intentions.
掩护 (yǎnhù): To provide cover or protection, such as in a military or security context.
掩埋 (yǎnmái): To bury or cover up something physically.
衡
Héng2 - Does not change from traditional
traditionally refers to a crossbar or beam—in particular, the horizontal beam of a scale used for weighing (think of the balance beam in old-fashioned scales). Over time, it came to represent:
Balancing: The beam of a scale literally balances two sides.
Measuring / Evaluating: Since the beam was used in measuring weight, the character gained an extended sense of “to measure,” “to evaluate,” or “to weigh up.”
平衡 (pínghéng): “balance” – literally “level beam.”
均衡 (jūnhéng): “balanced” – literally “even beam” or “equal measure.”
衡量 (héngliáng): “to measure,” “to weigh (options),” or “to evaluate.”
均
Jūn - Does not change from traditional chinese.
Core sense: “Equal” or “all.”
Often used in compound words conveying an idea of “equality” or “average,” e.g.
- 平均 (píngjūn) – “average”
- 均匀 (jūnyún) – “uniform/homogeneous”
- 均衡 (jūnhéng) – “balanced, well-proportioned”
Part of set phrases to indicate that everyone or everything is the same:
e.g., “一视同仁，人人均可参加” (“Treat everyone equally, everyone is allowed to participate”).
均
均匀 (均勻)
平均
人均
均衡
匀
yún2 - 勻 in traditional
- Ancient origin: Distributing or splitting something into even parts.
- Contemporary meaning: To make even, to share out, or to distribute in a balanced way.
Example:
* “把面团分匀” (divide the dough evenly).
* “匀点钱” (spare or share some money)
均匀 (均勻)
涨 (漲)
zhǎng3 – Rise, Increase
To rise or go up (often referring to water levels, prices, emotions).
上涨
预计地产价格会上涨 → The expectation is that property prices will rise.
zhàng4 – Swelling, Expansion
To swell or expand, sometimes physically in the body, or figuratively (like “swollen” with emotion).
脸涨得通红 (liǎn zhàng de tōnghóng) – “one’s face swells/becomes red (with emotion).”
肚子胀 (dùzi zhàng) – “stomach is bloated/swollen.”
奢
大 + 者
shē - Does not change from traditional
At its core, 奢 relates to extravagance, luxury, or lavishness. It conveys the idea of excessive spending or indulgence beyond what is necessary.
奢侈 (shēchǐ): This is the most common compound involving 奢. It is used as an adjective to describe something as extravagant, lavish, or excessive. For example, “奢侈的生活” means “an extravagant lifestyle.”
奢侈品 (shēchǐpǐn): This compound means “luxury goods” and refers to high-end, expensive products.
Negative Connotations:
In compounds like 奢侈 (shēchǐ), the term is generally used to describe excessive or wasteful extravagance, which is typically viewed negatively—especially when referring to imprudent spending or consumption in a social, economic, or political context.
Neutral/Positive Connotations:
In other contexts, such as 奢华 (shēhuá), which refers to splendor or luxurious beauty, the connotation can be more neutral or even positive. In these cases, the focus is on describing the opulence and aesthetic richness of something, rather than a judgment on excessive behavior.
侈
chi3 - extravagant/wasteful/exaggerating
Only used with 奢 for
奢侈 and 奢侈品
歪
wāi1
Originally, 歪 carried the idea of something being off or crooked, either physically or metaphorically.
Current Meaning
* Physical crookedness: something is askew or tilted.
* Metaphorical distortion: incorrect, biased, or unorthodox (e.g., 歪理 “fallacious reasoning”).
* Moral deviation: dishonest or morally “off” paths or behavior.
桌子歪了。(Zhuōzi wāi le.) — “The table is crooked.”
殖
zhí2 - Does not change from traditional Chinese
Typically relates to concepts like “to breed,” “to propagate,” or “to colonize.”
Commonly used today as part of compound words rather than appearing as an independent term. Its general meaning of “to propagate,” “to breed,” or “to colonize” continues to influence its usage.
繁殖 (fánzhí):
This is perhaps one of the most familiar compounds in everyday use, meaning “to reproduce” or “to breed.” It is commonly used in the context of plant or animal reproduction.
生殖 - To reproduce / to flourish
殖民 (zhímín):
This compound means “to colonize” or “colonization.” It is typically encountered in historical texts or discussions about the colonial past, referring to the expansion of a state’s influence over other territories.
核
he2 - Does not change from traditional
木 + 亥
pit/stone/nucleus/nuclear/to examine/to check/to verify
Verifying something is like checking its core components to ensure they are accurate. This led to expressions like 核对 (to cross-check) and 核实 (to verify).
核心
核桃
When it is used alone:
- 核 Alone: Typically means “nucleus” or “core.”
- 核 in Verification: Works only in compounds like 核对 or 核实 to express the act of verifying.
Examples:
* 原子核 (yuánzǐ hé) – the nucleus of an atom.
* 细胞核 (xìbāo hé) – the nucleus of a cell.
秩
zhi4 - order/orderliness
It only seems to appear in the word:
秩序 - Order (Like social order)
憾
周
冂, 一, 丨, 一, 口
zhou1
It has 3 meanings
Zhou1 - surname Zhou/Zhou Dynasty (1046-256 BC)
zhou1 - to make a circuit/to circle/circle/circumference/lap/cycle/complete/all/all over/thorough/to help financially
zhou1 - week/weekly/variant of 周[zhou1]
雕
diāo1
- 隹 (short‐tailed bird) serves as a semantic component, suggesting the connection to “bird.”
- 周 - provided the phonetic cue.
Original Sense: A large, powerful bird (often an eagle or vulture).
Extended Sense: “To carve/engrave” – possibly by analogy to a bird of prey tearing or “carving” flesh with its beak and claws.
In modern Chinese, 雕 can mean both “bird of prey” in poetic contexts and “to carve, sculpture” in everyday usage (雕塑 diāosù, “sculpture”).
In modern, everyday Chinese, you’ll usually see 雕 as part of a compound rather than used alone. For example:
- 雕刻 (diāokè): to carve, engraving
- 雕塑 (diāosù): sculpture
- 雕像 (diāoxiàng): a carving or statue
If you see it by itself (especially in writing), it may appear in literary or classical contexts to mean a bird of prey (roughly “vulture/eagle”)
青
响
锁
suǒ - 鎖 in traditional
At its most basic, 锁 means “lock,” referring to a physical mechanism used to secure an object, door, container, or similar items.
Device for Security:
The character directly denotes a locking device, such as a padlock or door lock, designed to prevent access or to secure an object.
Action of Securing:
As a verb, 锁 can mean “to lock” (e.g., to fasten something with a lock), indicating an action that restricts access or movement.
上锁 (shàng suǒ):
Literally “to put on a lock,” meaning to secure by locking.
“记得上锁门。” (“Remember to lock the door.”)
挂锁 (guà suǒ):
Refers to a “padlock” or “hasp lock,” emphasizing the device suspended or hung.
车锁 (chē suǒ):
Specifically designates a lock used on vehicles, such as a car lock.
锁链 (suǒ liàn):
Means “chain” in the sense of a series of locks or a locking chain, commonly used in descriptions of bindings or securing mechanisms.
屏幕锁住 literally means “the screen is locked” in Chinese.
解锁屏幕 (jiěsuǒ píngmù): “unlock the screen”
解锁手机 (jiěsuǒ shǒujī): “unlock the phone”
貌
mao4
At its most basic, 貌 signifies “appearance” or “external look.” In classical and modern usage, it refers to the visible aspect or outward form of a person or object. This base meaning forms the foundation for its extended uses.
礼貌 - Behavior - Politeness, respectful manners - Neutral/positive
外貌 - Physical appearance - Outward look - Neutral
美貌 - Physical beauty - Attractive appearance - Positive
面貌 - Face / Situation - Facial features or state/condition - Neutral/flexible
役
yi4 - forced labor/corvée/obligatory task/military service/to use as servant/to enserf/servant (old)/war/campaign/battle
战役 (戰役)
退役
兵役
奴役
役
服役
现役 (現役)
运
yùn 運
Primarily indicates movement or transportation.
Its semantic field naturally extends into describing luck or fate, symbolizing the dynamic and often unpredictable flow of life
输 for physical movement, 运动 for exercise, to 运气 for fortune
运行 functions as a verb meaning “to run” or “to operate.”
旬
xún
At its most basic, 旬 primarily refers to a 10-day period. In traditional Chinese timekeeping, a month was often divided into three periods (known as 上旬, 中旬, and 下旬), with each “旬” lasting about 10 days
Although its primary application is temporal, the character can also extend metaphorically to denote any similarly brief and regular interval.
上旬 (shàng xún):
Refers to the first 10 days of a month.
中旬 (zhōng xún):
Denotes the middle 10 days of a month.
下旬 (xià xún):
Indicates the final 10 days of a month.
旬刊 (xún kān):
A term used for a publication issued every 10 days (a ten-day periodical), emphasizing the cyclical nature of the interval.
4月下旬
Here, “下旬” refers to the last ten-day period of the month. As explained before, in traditional Chinese, a month is often divided into three segments (上旬 = early, 中旬 = mid, 下旬 = late). Thus, “4月下旬” means “late April” (roughly April 21st to 30th).
挪
挪 (nuó) - Does not change from traditional
Primary Focus: Often emphasizes the act of physically moving or shifting something from one place or time to another.
Usage Context: It tends to be used in contexts where you’re making a slight, specific relocation or change—for example, moving a piece of furniture or shifting a scheduled time.
Tone: It generally suggests a gentle or deliberate repositioning rather than a major overhaul.
调整 (tiáo zhěng):
Primary Focus: Involves the idea of fine-tuning or modifying something to achieve better balance or function.
Usage Context: This term is broader and can apply both to physical arrangements (like adjusting a machine’s settings) and more abstract systems or plans (such as policy or organizational changes).
Tone: It carries a connotation of recalibration and improvement, often implying a more systematic or technical modification compared to the direct, usually minimal shift implied by 挪.
Used alone:
* 挪凳子
* 挪椅子
* 挪时间
* 你可以时间挪后一些吗？如果你不介意
Used to make words:
挪动 (nuó dòng):
This compound means “to move” or “to shift,” emphasizing the action of changing an object’s position.
挪位 (nuó wèi):
Refers specifically to shifting or moving out of a given position or location.
挪移 (nuó yí):
Often used interchangeably with 挪动, this term highlights both the movement and the change in position or status.
挪用 (nuó yòng):
A more abstract use of the character, meaning “to appropriate” or “to misappropriate,” where resources or funds are shifted from their intended use.
卸
xiè4 - Same as traditional
Primarily denotes the act of unloading, removing, or disassembling.
Whether referring to the literal unloading of cargo (as seen in logistical contexts) or used metaphorically to imply the shedding of burdens, 卸 captures the concept of taking something off.
卸
卸妆 (卸妝)
卸下
卸载 (卸載)
“卸载重装买量分析” refers to an analysis that covers three key aspects:
Uninstallation behavior: How often users are uninstalling the app.
Reinstallation behavior: How many users are reinstalling after having uninstalled.
Paid User Acquisition (Buy Volume): The trends or performance related to purchased user installs.
