Must dominate characters Flashcards
部
bù ————–
Some modern scholars believe that the original meaning of “Bù” is a lower-level administrative unit divided from a certain region. Later, it was extended to mean command, and then to mean distinction or separation. It is also used as a noun to refer to a category. Therefore, “Bù” is also used to refer to an official office or administrative agency. “Bù” is also used as a quantifier, mostly used to refer to books or films, such as a film, two TV shows, and three books. It is also used to refer to other things, such as a machine, two cars, etc.
— Part where something is STH + 部
中部 –> Middle part / Part where the middle is
西部 –>
腹部 –>
底部
外部
内部 – nèi bù - interior; inside (part, section); internal;
头部 –> Head
面部
Classfier 部[bu4]
- 传记 - zhuàn jì - biography; CL:篇[pian1] ,部[bu4]
- 机器 - jī qì - machine; CL:台[tai2] ,部[bu4] ,个
- 摩托车 - mó tuō chē - motorbike; motorcycle; CL:辆[liang4] ,部[bu4]
— Other must know words
俱乐部 - jù lè bù - club (i.e. a group or organization); CL:个
部署 - bù shǔ - to dispose; to deploy; deployment
部位 - bù wèi - position; place
些
些 => 止 (stop), 匕 (spoon), 二 (two)
————-
xie1 - some/few/several/measure word indicating a small amount or small number (greater than 1)
一些 / 些 / 有些 / 这些 (這些) / 那些
主
丶+ 王
- The owner of power or property, the head of a family: the owner of a family. The owner of a family. The owner of a family.
- In the old days, ministers were called kings, subordinates were called superiors, and servants were called masters of the family: the owner of a family. The owner of a family.
- Opinions on things or how they should be handled, decisions: the owner of a family. The owner of a family. The owner of a family.
- The owner of a family has the power to decide on things: the owner of a family. The owner of a family. The owner of a family.
- The most important and basic thing: the owner of a family. The owner of a family. The owner of a family.
- Prediction: early morning clouds and rain.
- The tablets set up for the dead in the old days: the owner of a family. The owner of a family.
- The name of the god or founder of the religion in Christianity and Islam.
- Surname.
主持(人）- zhǔ chí - to take charge of; to manage or direct; to preside over; to uphold; to stand for (eg justice); to host (a TV or radio program etc)
主动 - zhǔ dòng - to take the initiative; to do sth of one’s own accord; active; opposite: passive 被被动[bei4 dong4]; drive (of gears and shafts etc)
主观 - zhǔ guān - subjective
主人 - zhǔ rén - master; host; owner; CL:个
主任 - zhǔ rèn - director; head; CL:個|个[ge4];
主题 - zhǔ tí - theme; subject
主席 - zhǔ xí - chairperson; premier; chairman; CL:个,位[wei4]
主张 - zhǔ zhāng - to advocate; to stand for; view; position; stand; proposition; viewpoint; assertion; CL:个
样
样式 - yàng shì - type; style
理
王 + 里 –》 lǐ 理
总理 - zǒng lǐ - premier; prime minister; CL:个,位[wei4] ,名[ming2]
办理 - bàn lǐ - to handle; to transact; to conduct
处理 - chǔ lǐ - to handle; to treat; to deal with; to process; CL:个
道理 - dào lǐ - reason; argument; sense; principle; basis; justification; CL:个
地理 - dì lǐ - geography
合理 - hé lǐ - rational; reasonable; fair
理论 - lǐ lùn - theory; CL:个
理由 - lǐ yóu - reason; grounds; justification; CL:个
物理 - wù lǐ - physics; physical
心理 - xīn lǐ - mental; psychological
心理学家 (心理學家) - psicologo
触
with the radical jiao, meaning to hit something with one’s horns.
To touch; to bump into; to collide: to feel the electricity. To be moved immediately.
To be moved; to be touched: to feel the electricity. To be moved immediately.
接触 - jiē chù - to touch; to contact; access; in touch with
触犯 - chù fàn - to offend; to violate; to go against
触摸 -
确
què
确 seems to mean absolute
確 is the traditional version, so you can see that the relevant thing is the stone, and the corn is random
——————-
明确 - míng què - to clarify; explicit; clear-cut; definite; to specify; to make definite
确定 - què dìng - definite; certain; fixed; to fix (on sth); to determine; to be sure; to ensure; to make certain; to ascertain; to clinch; to recognize; to confirm; OK (on computer dialog box)
确认 - què rèn - to confirm; to verify; confirmation
的确 - dí què - really; indeed
确实 - què shí - indeed; really; reliable; real; true
正确 - zhèng què - correct; proper
准确 - zhǔn què - accurate; exact; precise
确切 - què qiè - definite; exact; precise
确信 - què xìn - to be convinced; to be sure; to firmly believe; to be positive that; definite news
罪
罪犯 - zuì fàn - criminal
靠
依靠 - yī kào - to rely on sth (for support etc); to depend on
依然
- 依然记得从你口中说出再见坚决如铁
成
cheng2
The original meaning of Cheng is generally believed to be completion, while some people believe that it means city. From completion, it is extended to maturity and adulthood. It is also extended to achievement and accomplishment, and also has the meaning of “to become” and “to become”. In addition, it is further extended to mean completion, reconciliation, and greatness.
To complete; to succeed (opposite to “fail”): the mission is done. The matter is done.
To accomplish:
To become; to change into:
To achieve: to enjoy the fruits of one’s labor.
把 + Obj.+ 当成 / 看成
我一直把他看成我哥哥 –> I have always seen him as my older brother.
他把我家当成了他自己家 –> He treated my house like his own.
成都
成果 - chéng guǒ - result; achievement; gain; profit; CL:个
成就 - chéng jiù - accomplishment; success; attain a result; achievement; CL:个
成立 - chéng lì - to establish; to set up; to be tenable; to hold water
成人 - chéng rén - adult;
成熟 - chéng shú - mature; ripe
成长 - chéng zhǎng - to mature; to grow; growth
赞成 - zàn chéng - to approve; to endorse
造成 - zào chéng - to bring about; to create; to cause
组成 - zǔ chéng - to form; to make up; to compose
造
zào -
牛 + 口 + (丶+ ㇋ 横折折撇 + ㇏捺)
造 (zào), and its original meaning is to go to a certain place. Then in the current dictionary also has the meanings: Make, produce, create, harvest, achieve.
[Ancient Text〕艁《Guangyun》Zuo Zao Qie《Jiyun》Yun Hui》Zhengyun》Zao Qie, 𠀤pronounced as “Zengyun” means to build, to make, and to do.
Also, “zaoci” means to be urgent. “The Analects” Zaoci must be here.
造成 - zào chéng - Pose, generated, to bring about; to create; to cause (Apparently it is used for non-physical things. That are negative)
造成混乱 - cause confusion;
造成假象 - put up a facade; create a false impression;
造成巨大损失 - cause enormous losses;
造成生动活泼的政治局面 - create a lively political situation;
造成严重后果 - result in serious harm; cause serious consequences
造成影响: 不幸的家庭环境可能对孩子的行为造成影响 –> An unhappy home environment can affect a child’s behaviour.
失业给他造成了沉重的打击 –> Losing his job came as a terrible blow to him.
创造 - chuàng zào - to create; to bring about; to produce; CL:个
(Apparently it is used for non-physical things. That are desirable)
创造奇迹 –> create miracles; work wonders; achieve prodigious feats;
创造社会财富 –> create the wealth of society;
创造新记录 –> set a new record; creating a new record;
创造优异成绩 –> produce excellent results;
创造有利条件 –> create favourable conditions;
创造战机 –> create opportunity for fighting;
是劳动创造了世界 –> It is labour that creates the world.
他在他的小说中创造了很多令人难忘的人物 –> He created many unforgettable characters in his novels.
VERY USEFUL:
政府计划为年轻人创造更多的就业机会 - The government plans to create more jobs for young people.
用音乐和照明创造一种浪漫的气氛 - Use music and lighting to create a romantic atmosphere
我们需要创造一个有利于生意兴隆的环境气氛。
We need to create a climate in which business can prosper.
工业的主要宗旨是创造财富 –> The main purpose of industry is to create wealth.
————————————————————
制造 - zhì zào - to engineer; to create; to manufacture; to make
制造车床 - produce lathes;
制造机器 - make machines;
中国制造 - made in China;
这家工厂制造鞋子 - This factory manufactures shoes.
这设备是我们自己制造的 - The equipment is of our own manufacture.
制
zhì
觉
自觉 - zì jué - conscious; aware; on one’s own initiative; conscientious
批
pi1
批 - pī - to ascertain; to act on; to criticize; to pass on; classifier for batches, lots, military flights; tier (for the ranking of universities and colleges)
批准 - pī zhǔn - to approve; to ratify (Seems to be coming from someone with authority)
该协议必须由董事会批准 –> The agreement have to be ratify by the board.
该计划将送交委员会正式批准 –> The plan will be submitted to the committee for official approval.
这份报告总统尚未批准 –> The President hasn’t signed off on this report.
批准一项工程 –> authorize a project;
批准一项决议 –> approve a resolution;
国会批准了国家预算 –> The congress approved the budget.
计划已被批准 –> The plan has met with approval
段
duàn
1 丿撇
2 丨竖
3 一横
4 一横
5 ㇀提
6 丿撇
+
殳
阶段 - jiē duàn - stage; section; phase; period; CL:个
STH 阶段
历史阶段 - historical period;
人在这个人生阶段往往发奋努力 –> People tend to work hard at this stage of life.
这种设备仍处于试验阶段 –》 The equipment is still at the experimental stage.
每个人在人生的某个阶段都会经历这些问题。
Everyone experiences these problems at some time in their lives.
探
探索 - tàn suǒ - to explore; to probe; commonly used in names of publications or documentaries
侦探 - zhēn tàn - detective; to do detective work
索
搜索
sōu suǒ to search; to look for sth; to scour (search meticulously); to look sth up; internet search; database search
执
执照 - zhí zhào - license; permit
执行 - zhí xíng - implement; carry out; to execute; to run
执着 - zhí zhuó - attachment; stubborn; be attached to; persistent; persevering;
签
签 - qiān - to sign one’s name; to make brief comments on a document; autograph; visa
犯
fàn
Its original meaning is to infringe, endanger, or attack. It is also used to refer to “to do something illegal or something that should not be done”. It is also used to refer to “to happen or to break out”, mostly to bad things. As a noun, it is also used to refer to people who have violated the law and should be punished.
技
技 - meaning refers to skill, technique, and talent.
STH 技 - Jump skill, play skill, etc
有些射手射技很差 - Some marksmen shoot badly
Other
新《技规》第187条的变化 - Changes of No 187 Clause in New Railway Technology Administrating Regulations
绝技 - unique skill;
技巧 - skill, technique, craftsmanship
巧
The original meaning of “qiao” is skill and art. Later, it was extended from this original meaning to the meanings of dexterity, skill, exquisiteness, beauty and expertise. Later, the meaning of dexterity was extended to cunning and hypocrisy, and the meaning of beauty was extended to the meaning of coincidence.
责
Its original meaning is to ask for something, and it is extended to blame, and also refers to responsibility. From the meaning of asking for something, it also refers to debt, and is pronounced zhài, which is an ancient Chinese character for “债”.
责 can have the meaning “reprove”
- 自责 - reprove oneself
责 responsibility / charge / duty :
- 我的搭档病了，所以我得负起全责 - My co-worker was sick, so I had to carry the ball.
负责 - is not a separable verb - to be responsible of
责任 - zé rèn responsibility; blame; duty; CL:个
责备 - zé bèi to blame; to criticize
谴责 - qiǎn zé - to denounce; to condemn; to criticize; condemnation; criticism (Governments, or organisations would use when they condem: racist statements, military attacks, etc. )
责怪 - zé guài - to blame; to rebuke (Say it is someone’s fault)
- 我不是责怪你的意思
指责 - zhǐ zé - to criticize; to find fault with; to denounce - ACUSE - but this would be also more formal, like a doctor, an organisation and politician.
他指责报纸企图败坏他的名声 - He accused the newspaper of trying to blacken his name.
他们指责政府唯工商界的利益是从 - They accused the government of a surrender to business interests.
负
fù - Only used for 负责
The ancient character was composed of a person and a shell, which means that a person has money beside him. The original meaning of “负” is to rely on or depend on. One theory is that the original meaning of “负” is to carry on one’s back, which is extended to mean to carry something. If a person has wealth (shells), he or she has something to rely on, so it is extended to mean to be self-defeating. From carrying on one’s back, it is extended to mean to let down, to apologize, to violate, etc. “负” is also extended to mean to lose or win, which means that if a person loses a battle, he or she will definitely turn his or her back to the place and run away.
格
ge2 - square/frame/rule/(legal) case/style/character/standard/pattern/(classical) to obstruct/to hinder/(classical) to arrive/to come/(classical) to investigate/to study exhaustively
Originally refers to the long branches of a tree. [8] It means the time of arrival, and is similar to “𢓜” or “佫”. It means the time of striking, stopping, or blocking, and is similar to “挌”.
人格 - rén gé - personality; integrity; dignity
价格 (價格) - price
性格 - personality
格外 - gé wài - especially; particularly
格格 - might mean princess, but it is not clear
资格 (資格) - zī gé - qualifications; seniority
风格 (風格) - fēng gé - style; maneer; mode
及格 - jí gé - to pass a test
格调 - style
————————————
倒
dao3 OR dao4
Its original meaning refers to returning home to lie down and rest. Later, it was extended to mean falling down or collapsing due to unstable standing. It was also extended from its original meaning to invert, reverse, or transform. It is pronounced as dǎo. It is also pronounced as dào, which is extended from invert, reverse, or transform to express surprise, irony, or to strengthen the tone. It is also extended to mean emptying the contents of a container by inverting its top. It is also extended to mean inverted or in reverse order.
dao4 - to place upside down/to invert/to pour/to throw out/to move backwards/however/actually/as a matter of fact/contrary to expectation
倒 - dào - to move backwards; converse
Expresses unexpected situations and contrasts expectations.
Subj. + 倒 ⋯⋯ ，不过 / 但是 / 就是 ⋯⋯ –> 这 篇 文章 的 内容 倒 不错 ，就是 太 长 了 。The content of this article is great, but it’s just too long.
⋯⋯ ，Subj. + 倒 + (也 / 又) ⋯⋯ –> 已经 是 春天 了，倒 又 冷 起来 了 - It’s already spring, but it’s actually getting colder.
Subj. + Verb + 得 + 倒 + Adj. - rebuking tone
Subj. + 倒 + Adj. - to express surprise
dao3 - to fall/to collapse/to topple/to fail/to go bankrupt/to change (trains or buses)/to move around/to sell/to speculate (buying and selling, also 搗|捣)/profiteer
倒霉 - dǎo méi - have bad luck; be out of luck
摔倒 - shuāi dǎo - to fall down; to slip and fall; to throw sb to the ground;
倒点 –> To pour over - 我给你倒点酒吧
喊
喊 - hǎn - to yell; to call; to cry; to shout
临 and
lín
Its ancient shape simulates a person looking down at a pile of objects. The original meaning is to look down from above.
It is also extended to mean
- to monitor from above.
- It is also extended to mean the rule of the kings and princes over the people.
Later, the meaning of “look” was weakened, leaving only the meaning of “facing”. “Lin” also means “to arrive”, such as “come”; it also means to learn from a model of calligraphy and painting.
临时 - lín shí - at the instant sth happens; temporary; interim; ad hoc
- At the time when something happens
- Temporary; provisional; for a short time:
- 临时办法 - a temporary arrangement; makeshift measures
- 我在找临时工作 - I’m looking for some temporary work.
- 临时决定的忘记告诉你了 - I forgot to tell you about the last-minute decision (This form of speaking is very extrange)
面临 - miàn lín - to face sth; to be confronted with
光临 - guāng lín - (honorific) Welcome!; You honor us with your presence.; It is an honor to have you.
途
tu2 - way/route/road
“way,” “route,” or “journey.” It refers to a path or method for traveling or progressing toward a destination.
The character 途 emphasizes the idea of a specific path or route taken during a journey. The 辶 radical reinforces the concept of motion, indicating that it’s not just any way, but one that is actively traveled or followed
长途 - cháng tú - long distance
前途 - qián tú - future outlook; prospects; journey （Originally it refers to the journey ahead and is a metaphor for the future）
- 你这样很厉害！小伙子有前途
- 有前途的人 - a promising man;
- 他问了几个有关公司前途的问题 - He asked several questions concerning the future of the company.
- 他很同情那些工作上毫无前途的人 - He pitied people who were stuck in dead-end jobs.
- 我看不出这个关系会有什么前途 - I can’t see any future in this relationship.
用途 - yòng tú - use; application
旅途 -
途中 -
半途而废 - bàn tú ér fèi - to give up halfway (idiom); leave sth unfinished
途径 - tú jìng - way; channel
览
lǎn - 覽 - to look at/to view/to read
The character suggests a deliberate act of viewing, whether it be in the context of sightseeing, inspecting a document, or appreciating art.
In summary, 覽 emphasizes the action of looking at or viewing something in a meaningful or significant way.
- 展览 - zhǎn lǎn - to put on display; to exhibit; exhibition; show; CL:个,次[ci4]
- 浏览 - liú lǎn - to skim over; to browse
- 浏览器 (瀏覽器) - browser
- 预览 (預覽)
揽缆榄
浏
The character 浏 (liú) primarily means “to browse” or “to skim through.” It is often used in contexts related to quickly looking over information or content, such as browsing the internet or reviewing documents.
聘
pin4 - The character 聘 (pìn) means “to hire,” “to engage,” or “to invite.” It is often used in the context of employment or formally inviting someone to work. (Same in traditional)
耳 + 甹 (由+丂)
应聘 - yìng pìn - to accept a job offer; to apply for an advertised position
招聘 - zhāo pìn - recruitment; to invite applications for a job
聘用 聘请 (聘請):
- 聘用 is more focused on formal employment and establishing a job position.
- 聘请 is broader and can include invitations to work on specific tasks or projects without the implication of a long-term employment relationship.
彻
彳 (step) + 一 (横) +𠄌(竖提) + 刀 (knife)
———–
彻底 - chè dǐ - COMPLETE/thorough; thoroughly; complete
- 彻底恢复 - recover completely (It’s similar to 完全）
贯彻 - guàn chè - to implement; to put into practice; to carry out
———–
混
hùn - conveys the idea of blending or mixing, both in a physical sense and in various figurative contexts.
混合 - hùn hé - to mix; to blend
混乱 - hùn luàn - confusion; chaos; disorder
- 我语法很混乱
准
zhun3 - to allow/to grant/in accordance with/in the light of
zhun3 - horizontal (old)/accurate/standard/definitely/certainly/about to become (bride, son-in-law etc)/quasi-/para-
准
标准 (標準)
准备 (準備)
准确 (準確)
批准 - pī zhǔn - to approve; to ratify
重
chong2
置
Basic Meaning:
置 refers to the act of placing something in a specific location or position. It implies a deliberate action of setting something down or arranging it.
Figurative Uses:
It can also mean “to establish” or “to set up,” such as in contexts involving establishing rules, systems, or organizations.
位置 - wèi zhi - Ubication / position; place; seat; CL:个
(This one already know, it is where something is)
设置 - shè zhì - to set up; to install
重置 - reset
递
di4 - to hand over/to pass on sth/to gradually increase or decrease/progressively
快递 (快遞)
速递 (速遞)
投递 (投遞) - submit?
传递 (傳遞)
邮递员 (郵遞員)
————————————-
投
tóu - tou2 - to throw/to send/to invest
投入 - tóu rù - to participate in; to invest in; to throw into; to put into; absorbed; engrossed;
投资 - tóu zī - investment; to invest
投票
管
guǎn
Basic Meaning:
Figurative Uses:
To manage or control: It can also mean “to manage” or “to govern.” In this context, it refers to overseeing or being in charge of something, such as 管理 (guǎn lǐ), which means “to manage” or “to administer.”
To care about: In colloquial usage, it can imply being concerned about or taking care of something, as in “我管你” (wǒ guǎn nǐ), which means “I care about you.”
———————
管子 - guǎn zǐ - tube; pipe; drinking straw; CL:根[gen1]
不管 - bù guǎn - no matter (what, how); regardless of; no matter
管理 - guǎn lǐ - to supervise; to manage; to administer; management; administration; CL:个
尽管 - jǐn guǎn - despite; although; even though; in spite of; unhesitatingly; do not hesitate (to ask, complain etc); (go ahead and do it) without hesitating
尽
尺 + 丶(点) + 丶(点)
jin3 - to the greatest extent/(when used before a noun of location) furthest or extreme/to be within the limits of/to give priority to
* 尽快 - jǐn kuài - as quickly as possible; as soon as possible; with all speed
* 尽管 - jǐn guǎn - despite; although; even though; in spite of; unhesitatingly; do not hesitate (to ask, complain etc); (go ahead and do it) without hesitating
jin4 - to use up/to exhaust/to end/to finish/to the utmost/exhausted/finished/to the limit (of sth)
* 尽力 - jìn lì - to strive one’s hardest; to spare no effort
* 尽量 - jìn liàng - as much as possible; to the greatest extent
赔
賠 - péi
Only notice that it can be used alone. You can say,
你算算，我陪
赔偿
既
jì
1 𠃍横折
2 一横
3 一横
4 𠄌竖提
5 丶点
+ 旡
————–
既然
一如既往 - yī rú jì wǎng - just as in the past (idiom); as before; continuing as always
概慨溉暨厩穊鱀
守
shǒu (Same writing in traditional chinese)
The primary meaning of 守 is “to guard” or “to protect.” It refers to the act of keeping watch over something or someone.
Overall, 守 encompasses concepts of protection, observation, and loyalty, making it applicable in various contexts related to safeguarding and adherence.
遵守 - zūn shǒu - to comply with; to abide by; to respect (an agreement)
守护 - shǒu hù - to guard; to protect
定
dìng
The primary meaning of 定 is “to set” or “to determine.” It refers to the act of establishing or deciding something.
Overall, 定 embodies the concepts of setting, confirming, and stability, making it relevant in both practical and emotional contexts.
New you must know
说不定 - shuō bu dìng - can’t say for sure; maybe
* 说不定会成功的
* 说不定，就能吸引同好
定位
* 从这一点出发，将自己定位成一位问题解决者 - From that point, position yourself as problem solver.
* Noun: Position: 可以发一个定位吗？
制定 - zhì dìng - to draw up; to formulate; to lay down; to draft
All the others you already know
砸
砸 - zá - smash; smashed; to fail; to get it wrong
我想砸这个电脑
砸核桃
我估计那天砸你家的不是黄玫瑰
他把我家砸了
亚
yà (In traditional chinese 亞)
亚洲
亚马逊
澳大利亚
马来西亚
亚军 - yà jūn - second place (in a sports contest); runner-up
兑
兑换 - duì huàn - to convert; to exchange
兑现 - duì xiàn - (of a cheque etc) to cash; to honor a commitment
