Muscuoloskeletal System Flashcards
What are the 5 basic tissues that make up the MSK system
Bones, ligaments, cartilage, skeletal muscles, tendons
Describe the basic function of ligaments
Attach bone to bone
Describe the basic structure of cartilage
Protective gel like substance lining joints and intervertebral discs (spine)
Shock absorber, protective mechanism- stop friction between bones
Describe the basic function of tendons
Attaching muscle to bone
What are the 5 bone types
Flat bones, e.g. sternum
Irregular bones, e.g. vertebrae
Sesamoid bones, e.g. patella
Long bones, e.g. Fermur
Short bones, e.g. carpals
Describe the skeletal system functions
Provide the body framework
Giving attachment to muscles and tendons
Alllowing movement of the body as a whole and parts, by forming joints that are moved by muscles
Forming boundaries if the carnium, thorax and pelvis and protecting the organs they contain
Haemopoiesis, the the production of blood cells in red bone marrow
Mineral storage, especially calcium phosphate - the mineral reservoir Whithorn nine is essential for the maintenance of blood calcium levels, which must be tightly controlled
Describe the spongy bone tissue
Porous
Highly vascularised
Function, reduces bone density,
allows end of long bones to compress as a result of repeated stress
Describe compact bone tissue
Makes up the hard outer layer, compact due to its minimal gaps and spaces
It gives bones their smooth, white and solid appearance, 80% of total bone mass
Contains nerves and blood vessels
Describe Long bones
Elongated , slender bones found mainly in the limbs
Made up of diaphysis (long shaft) and epiphysis (end bits)
And hyaline cartilage
Outer layer is tough/fibrous to protect bone underneath
Covered in vascular membrane (periosteum)
Inner layer contains bone cells for bone production and breakdown, repair and remodelling
Describe diaphysis
Composed of bone-central medullary canal containing fatty yellow bone marrow
Has own blood supply , main arterial nutrient supply to it
Describe epiphysis
Outer covering of compact bone with spongy bone inside
Has own blood supply
Describe the hyaline cartilage
Prevent damaging bone to bone contact
Describe the other bone structures
Flat bone and irregular bone made up of
thin outer layer of compact bone and
spongy bone inside containing red bone marrow
Surrounded by periosteum
Name the 3 types of bone cells
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts
Describe Osteoblasts
Bone building cells
Describe osteocytes
Mature bone cells
Describe osteoclasts
Bone reabsorbing cells
State function of osteoblasts
Deposit new bone tissue around themselves, eventually becoming trapped in tiny pockets in growing bones and differentiate into osteocytes
State function of osteocytes
Do not divide
Responsible for bone formation and calcium homeostasis
State function of osteoclasts
Breakdown bone releasing calcium and phosphate
As new bone cells are made, old ones are destroyed by osteocytes
Describe stage 1 of Osteogenesis
Stage 1: osteoblasts secrete osteoid (proteins)
Replace cartilage in foetus
Describe stage 2 of osteogenesis
Calcium and phosphate laid down
Osteoblasts progressively calcify it converting the cartilage into a hard rigid mature bone
Describe stage 3 of osteogenesis
Osteoblasts form a matrix, cells become trapped and become osteocytes
Describe the role of HGH, Thyroxine and tri-iodothryronine
Promote bone growth in foetus
