male reproductive system and spermatogenis

Question 1

describe structure of male reproductive system

Answer 1

ureter, peritoneum, deferent duct, bladder, pubic symphysis, prostate gland, urethra, corpus cavernosum, corpus spongiosum, glans penis, scrotum, testis, anus, rectum, seminal vesicle, rectovestical pouch, sacrum

Question 2

describe the scrotum

Answer 2

pouch of pigmented skin, fibrous tissue and muscle divided into to two compartments containing:
1 testis and 1 epididymis + testicular end of spermatic cord

Question 3

describe the testes

Answer 3

male reproductive glands, in scrotum
3 layers: tunica vaginalis
tunica albuginea
tunica vasculosad

Question 4

describe the tunica vaginalis

Answer 4

outer layer covering membrane formed from peritoneum

Question 5

describe tunica albuginea

Answer 5

fibrous covering, forms septa which divides testes into lobes

Question 6

describe tunica vasculosa

Answer 6

network of capillaries

Question 7

describe the internal structure of testis

Answer 7

spermatic cord
testicular arteries and veins
deferent duct
head of epididymis
efferent ductules
body of epididymis
tail of epididymis
septum
seminiferous tubules
lobule
tunica vasculosa
tunica albuginea
tunica vaginalis
skin
cremaster muscle

Question 8

describe seminiferous tubules

Answer 8

convoluted loops of germinal epithelium
produce spermatozoa

Question 9

describe epididymis

Answer 9

single highly convoluted tubule forming a mass at upper pole of testis

Question 10

describe the seminal vesicle

Answer 10

secrete seminal fluid which neutralises the acidic environment of the female reproductive tract at coitus
provides energy for spermatozoa
assists coagulation of semen after coitus

Question 11

describe the prostate

Answer 11

produces milky coloured prostatic fluid composing 30% of the volume of semen
slightly acidic to help semen coagulate after coitus then break down this clot

Question 12

describe the penis

Answer 12

external male sex organ
passage for ejaculation of semen and excretion of urine
composed of 3 columns of erectile tissue:
corpus cavernosa
corpus spongiosum

Question 13

describe spermatogenesis

Answer 13

process of the formation of the male gametes in testesd

Question 14

outline the 1st stage of spermatogenesis

Answer 14

primordial germ cell differentiaes into a diploid cell called spermatogonium goes through mitosis and makes 2 diploid primary spermatocytes

Question 15

outline 2nd stage of spematogensis

Answer 15

primary spermatocyte goes through meiosis 1 into two haploid secondary spermatocyte > meiosis 2 then 4 haploid spermatids and then spermiogenesis gives 4 haploid spermatozoa

Question 16

describe structure of a spermatozoa

Answer 16

head: acrosome containing enzymes for penetration and nucleus
midpiece: mitochondria
tail: flagellum for movement

Question 17

describe the hormonal control of testes

Answer 17

stimulus from other areas of brain in hypothalamus > releases hormone > causing anterior pituitary to release FSH and LH
LH > stimulates testosterone production which stimulates spermatogenesis
FSH> stimulates spermatogenesis

Question 18

describe the stages of fertilisation

Answer 18

1. sperm makes contact with egg
2. acrosome reacts with zona pellucida
3. acrosome reacts with perivitelline space
4. plasma membrane of sperm and egg fuse
5. sperm nucleus enters egg
6. cortical granules fuse with egg plasma membrane, which renders the vitelline layer impenetrable to sperm
7. the egg completes mieosis 2 to become an ovum
8. gamete fusion - becomes a zygote