Musculoskeletal topics Flashcards
Brachial plexus
C5-T1 nerve roots (ventral rami –> mixed)
Axillary nerve innervates
Deltoid
Teres minor
Muskulocutaneous nerve innervates
Biceps
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis
Radial nerve innervates
Triceps
Extensors of forearm and hands
Median nerve innervates
Anterior (flexor) compartment of forearm
Thenar muscles
Ulnar nerve innervates
Hypothenar muscles
Deep muscles of hand
Long thoracic nerve innervates
Serratus anterior
Avulsion injury
nerve root torn from spinal cord
worst case
Rupture injury
complete or near complete tear of the spinal nerve root beyond the spinal nerve rootlets
2nd worst
Stretch injury
partial tear of individual nerves/fasciculi due to stretch
3rd worst
Upper plexus injury
Erb’s palsy (C5, C6)
Trauma MOI for Erb’s palsy
Arm forcefully adducted and shoulder forced down while neck forced in opposite direction
Labor/delivery, football, MVA
Also diving injury if they hit their shoulder
PE Erb’s palsy
Arm medially rotated
Elbow extended
Forearm pronated
Wrist flexed
Lower plexus injury
Klumpke’s palsy (C8, T1)
Trauma MOI for Klumpke’s palsy
arm forcefully abducted
jumping into water (can see this bilaterally), fall from a tree (really common)
PE Klumpke’s palsy
“claw hand”
Paralysis/atrophy on instrinsic muscles of hand
More severe if forearm included
What type of nerve injury in mid shaft humeral fracture
Radial nerve injury
Radial nerve palsy (Saturday night palsy)
You will see wrist drop due to extensor weakness
What type of nerve injury with humeral neck fracture
axillary nerve injury
deltoid weakness/paralysis
Numbness/tingling back of shoulder
Might see shoulder dislocation (anterior)
Ulnar – partial claw hand
Ulnar nerve injury
Two locations: elbow & hook of hamate
ulnar claw at rest
Median – partial claw hand
Median nerve injury
Most commonly distal (carpal tunnel)
claw hand when making a fist
Fractured fibula can cause why type of nerve compression
Compression of common fibular nerve usually at the head of the fibula
Causes foot drop (no longer able to dorsiflex the foot)
Salter Harris fracture Classification - Type 1
S - straight across
Salter Harris fracture Classification - Type 2
Above – through the physics and the metaphysis
Salter Harris fracture Classification - Type 3
lower - fracture through the physics and the epiphysis
Salter Harris fracture Classification - Type 4
Through - fracture through the physics and both the metaphysis and epiphysis
Salter Harris fracture Classification - Type 5
ER – erasure of the growth plate; high risk for growth plate injury
