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cais > Eye > Flashcards

Eye Flashcards

1
Q

Major structures of the eye

A

palpebrae
eye lol
bony orbit

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2
Q

Palpebrae structures

A

muscles
tarsal plates (contain meibomian glands)
palpebral conjunctiva
lacrimal apparatus

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3
Q

muscles on the palpebrae

A

orbicularis oculi

levator palpebrae superioris

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4
Q

orbicularis oculi muscle

A

surrounds orbit
allows for squinting/blinking

***innervated by facial nerve

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5
Q

levator palpebrae superioris

A

*no inferiorus

attaches to tarsal plate and assists in further retracting upper eyelid

considered an extra ocular muscle of the eye duct

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6
Q

meibomian gland

A

oil glands along most distal part of palpebrae

produce oily substance that slows evaporation of lacrimal secretions

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7
Q

lacrimal apparatus

A 
lacrimal gland
lacrimal papilla
lacrimal canaliculus 
lacrimal sac 
nasolacrimal duct
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8
Q

flow of lacrimal secretions

A

lacrimal gland –> lacrimal papilla –> lacrimal canaliculus –> lacrimal sac –> nasolacrimal duct –> inferior nasal meatus

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9
Q

inflammation of the lacrimal sac

A

dacryocystitis

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10
Q

Palpebral conjunctiva is

A

mucous membrane of the eye

continuous with bulbar conjunctiva

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11
Q

Structures of the eyeball

A 
cornea
conjunctiva
sclera
iris/pupil
lens
retina
chambers (3)
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12
Q

light focusing apparatus

A 
cornea
iris
lens
ciliary body/muscle
anterior/posterior chambers
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13
Q

light sensing apparatus

A

vitreous body
retina
choroid
optic nerve

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14
Q

what flows through the anterior and posterior chambers

A

aqueous humor – provides nutrients to structures there

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15
Q

what are anterior and posterior chambers separated by

A

iris

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16
Q

cornea

A

outermost layer of the anterior eye
not covered in conjunctiva
protects inner eye structures
bends light to focus it into iris/pupil/lens (refraction)

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17
Q

iris/pupil

A

muscular pigmented ring that separates anterior/posterior chambers of eye

pupil = hole in the middle

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18
Q

muscles on the iris/pupil

A

sphincter pupillae muscle = constricts pupil

dilator pupillae muscle = dilates pupil

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19
Q

light receptor activation in either eye will trigger bilateral pupillary constriction

A

light –> retinal photoreceptors –> Edinger-Westphal nucleus –> ciliary ganglion –> sphincter pupillae

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20
Q

lens is composed primarily of

A

proteins called cristallins

composed of living cells

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21
Q

primary function of lens

A

focus light onto fovea/macula of retina

22
Q

lens is suspended in the eye by

A

the ciliary muscle

allows for changes in focus by stretching the lens altering its refractive properties

23
Q

refraction of near and distant objects

A

near object - strong refraction

distant object - weak refraction

24
Q

aqueous humor

A

provides support for structures of the focusing apparatus of the eye

provides nutrients to these structures

created by ciliary body

25
Q

primary light sensing structure

A

retina

26
Q

retina is covered with _____ separated into 2 groups:

A

covered with photoreceptors; separated into rods and cones

27
Q

Rods

A

sense light, no color, poor spatial acuity

28
Q

cones

A

sense light + color, good spatial acuity

29
Q

Vitreous body

A

clear gel filled capsule in the posterior eye (does not refract light)

provides structure to the eye and reduces risk of retinal detachment

30
Q

Layers of the posterior eye

A

outermost: sclera
middle: choroid
innermost: retina

31
Q

Sclera

A

structural protective layer of posterior eye

32
Q

choroid

A

vascular layer that supports the retina

contains pigments to reduce reflection of light

33
Q

retina

A

key layer for photoreception

receives light and converts it to electrical impulses

34
Q

retina innervation

A

optic nerve (CN2)

35
Q

structures of the retina

A

optic disc (where optic nerve enters)
macula – fovea
Retinal artery/vein

36
Q

inactive ocular toxoplasmosis

A

scar tissue build up

minimal to no vision deficits

recurrence is common bc it is a parasite?

37
Q

What is the arterial to venous ratio normally

A

2:3

38
Q

Macular degeneration

A

white drusen of the retina indicate mottling/macular degeneration

39
Q

Papilledema

A

blurred disc margins

40
Q

central retinal vein occlusion

A

disc is virtually obscured by edema and hemorrhages

41
Q

central retinal artery occlusion

A

cherry red fovea
pale retina
significant attenuation of vasculature

42
Q

Hypertensive retinopathy

A

retina displays exudates and flame hemorrhage

43
Q

orbit

A

bony cavern of face which protects eyes
separated by nasal cavity/sinuses
7 bones

44
Q

orbit innervation/vasculature

A

more concentrated innervation/vasculature than almost any other location of the body outside the brain

(trauma is problematic)

45
Q

Bones of the orbit

A 
sphenoid 
frontal 
zygomatic
ethmoid
lacrimal
maxilla
palatine
46
Q

eye is surrounded by supportive fat pads that protect structures from bony orbit

A

adipose body of the orbit (ABO)

47
Q

ABO lost with age

A

enophthalmos

48
Q

orbit blood supply

A 
internal carotid artery 
ophthalmic artery 
central retinal artery
lacrimal artery 
posterior ciliary arteries
supraorbital artery
anterior/posterior ethmoidal arteries
supratrochlear artery
dorsal nasal artery
49
Q

Venous drainage of orbit

A

superior ophthalmic vein and inferior ophthalmic vein drain into cavernous sinus

50
Q

extra ocular muscles of the orbit

A 
superior rectus
medial rectus
inferior rectus
lateral rectus
superior oblique
inferior oblique
levator palpebrae superioris
51
Q

Extraocular muscles innervation

A

CN3 oculomotor
CN4 trochlear
CN6 abducens

LR6-SO4-R3

cais (13 decks)

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