ENT

Question 1

External Ear

Answer 1

Auricle
External auditory canal
Tympanic membrane

Question 2

Middle Ear

Answer 2

Ossicles
Eustachian tube
Tympanic cavity
Tensor tympani muscle
Stapedius muscle

Question 3

Inner ear

Answer 3

Cochlea
Vestibule
Semicircular canal

Question 4

Nose

Answer 4

Nostrils

Nasal septum

Question 5

Perinasal sinuses

Answer 5

Maxillary
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Frontal

Question 6

structures are continuous from

Answer 6

external ear through pharynx/larynx

Question 7

Primary functions of middle and external ear

Answer 7

hearing

Question 8

Primary functions of inner ear

Answer 8

hearing + balance

Question 9

The only separation between the external ear and the sinus cavity

Answer 9

tympanic membrane

Question 10

Auricle blood supply

Answer 10

Posterior auricular artery (primary)

Anterior auricular branches of temporal artery

Question 11

Auricle innervation

Answer 11

auriculotemporal nerve (comes from superior anterior)
lesser occipital nerve
greater auricular nerve (these two come from posterior inferior)

Question 12

Concha & external-most meatus innervation

Answer 12

auricular branch of vagus nerve

Question 13

Auricular hematoma

Answer 13

shearing force applied to the auricle causes separation of perichondrium and cartilage layer

Question 14

Perichondrium

Answer 14

active layer

composed of chondrocytes, chondroblasts, and fibroblasts

Question 15

Where does an auricular hematoma normally occur?

Answer 15

between the helix and antihelix

Question 16

You must apply ___ ____ or the hematoma will reoccur

Answer 16

compression dressing

Question 17

Best outcomes for hematoma drainage

Answer 17

less than 12 hours after it occured

Question 18

The outer portion of the external acoustic meatus is ___ (1/3) and the inner portion is ____ (2/3)

Answer 18

outer = cartilaginous
inner = osseous

Question 19

Where are cerumen glands (modified apocrine glands) found?

Answer 19

inside the external acoustic meatus

Question 20

Main function of the external acoustic meatus

Answer 20

transmit sound waves from the auricle and protect the tympanic membrane

Question 21

External acoustic meatus innervation

Answer 21

facial nerve
auricular branch of vagus nerve (Arnold’s reflex)
auriculotemporal nerve (v3)

Question 22

Why is otitis externa a serious problem if it involved a portion of the bone?

Answer 22

osteomyelitis is possible

Question 23

In what patient population is severe otitis externa most common?

Answer 23

diabetics

Question 24

Osteomyelitis in the setting of otitis externa

Answer 24

mastoiditis

Question 25

Otitis externa

Answer 25

Infection of the auditory canal
Pseudomonas is main cause
Usually polymicrobial

Common symptoms:
Ear pain, discharge, pruritus, pain when you touch tragus or helix

Question 26

The middle ear is directly connected to the ___ ___ and therefore the ___ ____

Answer 26

nasal cavity; external atmosphere

Question 27

Primary function of the tympanic membrane

Answer 27

transmit the sound waves to the ossicles and eventually to the oval window; acts directly on the malleus

Question 28

Externally, the TM is covered by

Answer 28

keratinized squamous epithelium (layer of skin)

Question 29

Internally, the TM is covered by

Answer 29

non-keratinized squamous epithelium (mucosa)

cartilage is in btwn the inner and outer layers