Musculoskeletal System (BATES) Flashcards
What are synovial joints
Bones of these joints do not touch each other, and the joint articulations are freely movable
What are examples of ball and socket joints
Shoulder
Hip
What are examples of hinge joints
Interphalangeal joints of hand and foot
Elbow
What are the different types of condylar joints
Knee
TMJ
What is the definition of hinge joints
They are flat, planar, or slightly curved allowing only a gliding motion in a single plane
*flexion and extension of the elbow
What is the definition of condylar joints
Have articulating surfaces that are convex or concave
*allow for flexion, extension, rotation and motion in the coronal plane
What are cartilaginous joints
- Fibrocartilaginous disc separates the bony surfaces of these joints
*allow for a small amount of movement
What are examples of cartilaginous joints
- Symphysis pubis
- Sternomanubrial joint
What are fibrous joints
- Have intervening layers of fibrous tissue or cartilage that hold the bones together
*no movement
What are examples of fibrous joints
Sutures of the skull
What are articular structures
- Joint capsules
- Articular cartilage
- Synovium and synovial fluid
What are extraarticular structures
- Ligaments
- Tendons
Pathology of articular structures involves what
- Swelling and tenderness of the joints
- Crepitus
- Instability
- Locking
*limits both active and passive range of motion
Pathology involving extraarticular structures involve what
- Rarely cause intraarticular joint swelling
- Instability
- Or tenderness
*limits active ROM only
Generalized aches and pains are called what
Myalgias
What is joint pain without evidence of arthritis
Arthralgia
What type of ROM does articular joint pain decrease?
- Active
- Passive
What type of ROM does periarticular joint pain decreases
- Pain with active ROM
- Passive is intact
What is the most common spinal cord spoon for radicular pain
C6 and C7
What are the categories of LBP
- Non-specific
- Nerve root entrapment with spinal stenosis
- Pain from specific underlying disease
What is nonspecific low back pain from
- Musculoligamentous injuries
- Age-related degenerative processes of the intervertebral discs
What is sciatica
- Radicular gluteal and posterior leg pain usually caused by impingement nerve roots at the L4 S1 root levels
Steps to completing the musculoskeletal examination
- Inspection
- Palpation of bony structures
- Range of motion
- Special maneuvers
What are bow legs genu Varum or genu valgum
Gen Varum
What are knock knee genu varum or valgum
Genu valgum
What are the four signs of inflammation
- Swelling
- Warmth
- Redness
- Pain or tenderness
Active and passive ROM demonstrate what>
Limitations in ROM or joint instability
What muscles are involved in opening on the mouth
- Inferior head of lateral pterygoid
- Anterior digastric
- Mylohyoid
What muscles are involved in closing of the mouth
- Masseter
- Anterior and middle Temporalis
- Medial pterygoid
- Superior head lateral pterygoid
What muscles are involved with protrusion of the mouth
Lateral pterygoid
What muscles are involved in retraction of the outh
Middle and posterior Temporalis
What are the dynamic stabilizers of the shoulder
SITS
1. Supraspinatus
2. Infraspinatus
3. Teres minor
4. Subscapularis
What are the static stabilizers of the shoulder
- Labrum
- Articular capsule
- Glenohumeral ligaments
What is another term for lateral epicondylitis
Tennis elbow
What is another term for medial epicondylitis
Golfers elbow
