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Leaving Cert Biology - > Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of skeletons

A

Supports
Protection of internal organs
A rigid frame for movement

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2
Q

How may bones in human skeleton

A

206

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3
Q

Two parts of skeleton

A

Axial (ribs, sternum,vertebrae,skull)

Appendicular (pectorial, pelvic girdles, limbs)

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4
Q

How many ribs

A

12 pairs

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5
Q

Divide the spine

A 
(Top to bottom)
Cervical (7)
Thoracic (12)
Lumbar (5)
Sactrum (5 fused)
Coccyx (4 fused)
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6
Q

Pectoral girdle includes what bones

A 
Collarbone (clavicle)
Shoulder blade (scapula)
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7
Q

Bones in arm

A

Humerus
Radius
Ulna

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8
Q

Bones in hand

A

Carpals (wrist)

Metacarpals (fingers)

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9
Q

Bones in legs

A

Femur
Knee cap (patella)
Tibia
Fibula

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10
Q

Bones in foot

A

Tarsals(feet)

Metatarsals (toes)

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11
Q

Head of bone name

A

Epiphysis

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12
Q

Middle bone (shaft) name

A

Diaphysis

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13
Q

Spongy bone location

A

Middle of bone

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14
Q

Compact bone location

A

Surrounds spongy bone

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15
Q

Periosteum location

A

Very outer

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16
Q

What is the hollow called in bin

A

Medullary cavity

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17
Q

What is in medullary cavity

A

Yellow bone marrow that store fat

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18
Q

What is the function of yellow bone marrow

A

Stores fat that feeds bones

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19
Q

What is periosteum

A

Tough layer surrounding bone

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20
Q

What is cartilage function

A

Reducing friction and acting as a shock absorber

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21
Q

What is compact bone made of

A

Living cells embedded in a matrix of calcium salts and a protein called colllagen

22
Q

What is spongy bone made of

A

A network of thin bony columns and plates and spaces filled by marrow

23
Q

What is function of red marrow

A

Make blood cells

24
Q

What is a joint

A

Where two bones meet

25
Q

What are ligaments

A

Attach bone to bone

26
Q

Three types of joints

A

Immovable
Partially movable
Freely movable

27
Q

Ex of immovable joint

A

Fused bones eg skull, pelvis

28
Q

Ex of partially movable joint

A

Wrist, ankle, and spine where bones move over each other

29
Q

Ex of freely moving joint

A

Ball and socket joint eg hip, shoulder

Hinge joint eg knee, elbow

30
Q

What is function of synovial fluid

A

Lubricates joint and acts a cushion

31
Q

What are tendons

A

Muscles that connect bone to muscle

32
Q

What are pairs of muscles that work together to move called

A

Antagonistic pair

33
Q

Ex of antagonistic pair

A

Biceps and triceps. As biceps contract, triceps relax and arm moves up. Biceps relax and triceps contract when arm moved down

34
Q

Condition associated with bones

A

Arthritis

35
Q

Prevention of arthritis

A

Good diet
Care in footwear selection
Don’t put bones under too much stress eg exercise

36
Q

Treatment for arthritis

A

Aspirin reduces swelling and pain

Severe cases replacement with artificial joint made of metal

37
Q

Name the cells responsable for breaking down bone

A

Osteoclasts

38
Q

Name the vertebrae found in the neck

A

Cervical

39
Q

Name the vertebrae found in the small of the back

A

Lumbar

40
Q

Name the vertebrae in the back of the chest

A

Thoracic

41
Q

Name the vertebrae in yeh back of the pelvis

A

Sacrum

42
Q

What is the function of the intervertebral disks in the human backbone

A

Shock absorbers

43
Q

What are the intervertebral disks made of

A

Cartilage

44
Q

Name the cells that form bone

A

Osteoblasts

45
Q

Name 2 factors that the continued renewal of bone depends on

A

Calcium supply

Age

46
Q

Where is red bone marrow found

A

Spongy bone

47
Q

Where is yellow bone marrow found

A

Medullary cavity

48
Q

How are bones light in mass

A

Spongy bones contains lots of hollows

49
Q

Define ossification

A

Cartilage turning into bone

50
Q

3 types of muscle

A

Skeletal eg bicep

Cardiac eg heart

Smooth eg blood vessel and digestive track s

Leaving Cert Biology - (41 decks)

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