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Leaving Cert Biology - > Blood and Circulatory System > Flashcards

Blood and Circulatory System Flashcards

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1
Q

Two types of circulation systems

A

Open

Closed

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2
Q

Open circulation system

A

Heart pumps blood into vessels that are open ended eg insects

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3
Q

Closed circulation system

A

Blood system is in a continuous system of blood vessels eg humans

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4
Q

Advantages of a closed circulation system

A

Blood can be pumped faster (cells are more active)

Blood flow rate can change for different organs (increased to leg muscles when running)

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5
Q

Arteries carry blood

A

Away from the heart

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6
Q

Veins carry blood

A

Towards the heart

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7
Q

High pressure in what blood vessels

A

Arteries

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8
Q

Low pressure in what blood vessels

A

Veins

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9
Q

Structure of arteries

A

Thick elastic wall

Narrow lumen

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10
Q

Structure of veins

A

Thin wall

Wide lumen

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11
Q

Arteriales function

A

Connects arteries and capillaries

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12
Q

Venues function

A

Connect capillaries to the veins

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13
Q

Capillaries functions

A

Link arterioles and venules

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14
Q

Role of muscle in blood vessels

A

Expand to allow increased blood flow through the vessel

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15
Q

Role of elastic fibres in vessels

A

Bring the blood vessels back to shape when they’ve been expanded by muscle

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16
Q

Location of the heart

A

Between the lungs, slightly to the left side of the thorax, above the diaphragm

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17
Q

Function of the heart

A

To pump blood around the body

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18
Q

Type of muscle in the heart

A

Cardiac muscle

Never tires

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19
Q

What is a systemic circuit

A

Pumps to the head, trunk And limbs and back to the Heart

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20
Q

Pulmonary circuit

A

Pumps to the lungs and back to the heart

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21
Q

Advantages of a double circulation system

A

Separation of oxygen rich and oxygen poor blood

Blood pressure can be kept high

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22
Q

Portal systems

A

A blood pathways that begins and ends in capillaries

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23
Q

Hepatic portal system

A

Connects the stomach and intestines with the liver

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24
Q

3 valve types

A 
Tricuspid valve (right)
Bicuspid valve (left)
Semi lunar valves
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25
Q

Tricuspid valve function

A

Prevents backflow into fight atrium

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26
Q

Semi lunar valve function

A

Prevents backflow into heart

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27
Q

Bicuspid valve function

A

Prevents backflow into the left atrium

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28
Q

How is blood supplied to the heart wall

A

Coronary arteries

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29
Q

Where are coronary arteries

A

Aorta just above the semi lunar valves in the aorta

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30
Q

Where are coronary veins

A

Right atrium8

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31
Q

Function of cornonart veins

A

Drain blood from the heart

32
Q

What is the heartbeat

A

Alternate contraction and relaxing of cardiac muscle

33
Q

Where is the pace maker

A

Right atrium

34
Q

What does the pacemaker control

A

Heartbeat

35
Q

What is the heartbeat sound caused by

A

Closing of heart valves

36
Q

What is pulse

A

Expansion and contraction of arteries

37
Q

Average pulse

A

72 bpm

38
Q

What is blood pressure

A

Contraction of ventricles which forces blood into arteries

39
Q

Effects of smoking on circulatory system

A

Nicotine increases heart rate and blood pressure
Carbon dioxide reduces the amount of oxygen carried by the blood
Chemicals in tobacco do damage to lungs

40
Q

Effects of diet on the circulation susten

A

High intake of fat causes a build up of cholesterol

High salt intakes raises blood pressure

41
Q

Effects of exercise on the circulatory system

A

Improves circulation

Increases energy levels as more oxygen can be carried

42
Q

Parts of blood

A

Plasma
Platelets
Red blood cells
White blood cells

43
Q

Plasma function

A

Liquid part

Transports material

44
Q

Red blood cells function

A

Carries oxygen

45
Q

White blood cells function

A

Carry oxygen

46
Q

Platelets function

A

Clotting of blood

47
Q

Blood groups

A

A
B
AB
O

48
Q

What determines if you have rhesus

A

Factor d

49
Q

Why is Rhesus factor important

A

In pregnancies if Mammy and baby has different blood types

50
Q

Shape of red blood cells

A

Biconcave disks

51
Q

Advantage of shape of red blood cells

A

Large surface area

52
Q

Which parts of blood have nuclei, which don’t

A

Do; white

Don’t; red, platelets

53
Q

Do red blood cells have mitochondria

A

No

54
Q

Where are red blood cells made

A

Bone marrow of ribs and sternum

55
Q

Shape of white blood cells

A

Un defined

56
Q

Where are white blood cells formed

A

Bone marrow and mature in spleen

57
Q

Two types of white blood cells

A

Lymphocytes

Monocytes

58
Q

Are platelets full cells

A

Cell fragments

59
Q

Where are platelets formed

A

Bone marrow

60
Q

What is hearrate controll3 by

A

Pacemaker

61
Q

Where is pacemaker SA node

A

Right atrium wall

62
Q

What is contraction of the heart muscle called

A

Systole

63
Q

What is relaxation of the heart called

A

Diastole

64
Q

Stages of heartbeat

A
  1. Blood enters atria, all valves close, all cambers relax
  2. Atria contract, tricuspid and bicuspid valves open, blood moves to ventricles
  3. Atria relax, ventricles contract, valves close, semi lunar valves open and blood is forced into arteries
  4. Ventricles relax, semi lunar valves close, cycle repeats
65
Q

Distinguish between the pulmonary and systemic circuits

A

Pulmonary pumps blood to the lungs and back to the heart

Systemic pumps blood around the body and back to the heart

66
Q

Give two components of plasma

A

Hormones

Salts

67
Q

Give two ways in which red blood cells differ from typical body cells

A

No nucleus

No mitochondria

68
Q

State two ways, other than in colour, that red blood cells differ from white blood cells

A

Red have no nucleus white do

Red carry oxygen butbwhite fight infection

69
Q

Function of plasma

A

Carries hormones, foods etc

70
Q

2 common blood grouping systems

A

ABO and rhesus

71
Q

How does portal vein differ from other veins

A

Joins 2 organs

Capillaries at either end

72
Q

Describe how blood is moved through veins

A

Muscles contract to move it

Valves prevent backflow

73
Q

How was the heart placed on the dissecting board

A

Ventral side up

74
Q

PRECISE location of semi lunar valve

A

Bottom of aorta

75
Q

2 ways in which blood system protects the body

A

White blood cells produce antibodies

Platelets hell blood clotting

Leaving Cert Biology - (41 decks)

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