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Leaving Cert Biology - > Human Defense > Flashcards

Human Defense Flashcards

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1
Q

What is immunity

A

The ability of an organism to resist infection

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2
Q

What are pathogens

A

Microorganisms that cause disease

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3
Q

Two lines of defence in human body

A

General

Specific

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4
Q

What does the general defence system consist of

A

Skin
Mucus
Platelets
White blood cells

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5
Q

What does mucus protect

A

Respiratory
Diegesyive
Reproductive tracts

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6
Q

How does skin fight infection

A

Barrier

Secrets chemicals to harm or kill bacteria

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7
Q

Function of mucus

A

Remove foreign particles

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8
Q

What does specific defence system consist of

A

Antigen-antibody response,with specialised white blood cells called lymphotcytes and monocytes that attack specific pathogens

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9
Q

Where are lymphocytes stored

A

Spleen
Lymph nodes
Tonsils
Thymus gland

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10
Q

How long do monocytes live for

A

6-9 days

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11
Q

Monocytes function

A

Engulf bacteria, digest it

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12
Q

Other names of monocytes

A

Macrophages

Phagocytes

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13
Q

Where are lymphocytes and monocytes produced

A

Bone marrow

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14
Q

What are antigens

A

Any foreign molecules capable of triggering an antibody response

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15
Q

What is an antibody

A

A protein made by lymphocyte which sticks to an antigen and marks it for destruction by monocytes

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16
Q

What is induced immunity

A

The ability to resist disease caused by specific pathogens by the production of antibodies

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17
Q

What are the two types of induced immunity

A

Active

Passive

18
Q

What is active immunity

A

Develops after an infection or a vaccination. It provides long lasting protection

19
Q

When does artificial active immunity occur

A

When the pathogen is medically introduced to the body by vaccine

20
Q

What is natural active immunity

A

When the pathogen entere the body by infection

21
Q

What is a vaccine

A

A dead microbe that is injected into the body and triggers antibodies but does not cause the disease
If the real germ ever attacks, the antibodies are present to remove it before it can cause any damage
You are immune to that disease

22
Q

What is passive immunity

A

When individuals are given antibodies that were formed by another organism eg mothers milk gives antibodies

23
Q

Where are white blood cells made

A

Bone marrow

24
Q

Two types of white blood cells

A 
B cells (lympocytes)
T cells (monocytes)
25
Q

Where do T cells mature

A

Thymus gland

26
Q

Where do B cells mature

A

Bone marrow

27
Q

Difference between t and B cells

A

T cells mature in thymus gland

B cells mature in bone marrow

28
Q

When are lymphocytes activated

A

When an antigen enters the body

29
Q

Four types of T cells

A

Suppressor T cells
Memory T cells
Killer T cells
Helper T cells

30
Q

Role of helper T cells

A

Recognise antigens and stimulate production of b and killer cellls

31
Q

Role of killer T cells

A

Destroy cells containing antigens

Perforin kills membranes

32
Q

What chemical is secreted by killer T cells to destroy antigens

A

Perforin

33
Q

What cells do killer T cells destroy

A

Virus infected cells, tumour cells, transplant tissue

34
Q

Role of suppressor T cells

A

Stop the immune response after the pathogen has been destroyed

35
Q

Role of memory cells

A

Live on after infection and prevent reinfection by remembering the immunity

36
Q

Role of T cells in general

A

Attack cells with antigens

37
Q

Two types of B cells

A

Plasma cells

Memory cells

38
Q

Function of plasma B cells

A

Make antibodies to surround antigens

39
Q

Describe two ways in which the skin helps to defend the body against pathogenic micro-organisms.

A

Barrier

Secretes sweat

40
Q

In certain situations a person is given a specific antibody rather than being vaccinated. Is this an example of active or passive immunity?

A

Passive

Leaving Cert Biology - (41 decks)

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