Genetic Engineering Flashcards
What is genetic engineering
The artificial alteration or manipulation of genes
What is the altered dna called
Recombinant dna
What is the organism that contains the recombinant (altered) dna called
Genetically modified organisms (gmo)
What is it called when the dna is transferred from one species to another?
Transgenic
Examples of transgenic engineering
Human gene inserted into bacterium
Human gene inserted into another animal
Bacterial gene inserted into a plant
6 steps of genetic engineering
Isolation Cutting Ligation Transformation Cloning Expression
Isolation
Removal of human dna (chromosomes) and bacterial dna (plasmid) from their cells.
What is human dna called
Chromosome
What is bacterial do acalled
Plasmid
Cutting
Same type of enzyme cuts both DNA’s
Enzyme=restriction enzyme
Cut sections of human dna mixed with bacterial plasmid
Ligation
The process by which the exposed ends of human dna and plasmid dna are joined
Transformation
The uptake of dna into a cell
Cloning
The genes multiply on agar. Only bacteria containing target gene are identified, taken to new agar to reproduce.
Expression
The production of the desired product form the gmo.
Applications of genetic engineering in plants
Commercially growing plants, eg resistant to weed killer (weed killer kills weed but not crop)
