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Leaving Cert Biology - > Cell Structure > Flashcards

Cell Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

Function of eyepiece

A

Enlarges the image

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2
Q

Function of nosepiece

A

Revolves so objective lens can be used

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3
Q

Function of objective lens

A

Enlarges image even further

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4
Q

Function of focus knobs

A

Allow a clear image to be seen

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5
Q

Stage function

A

Holds the slide in place with the clips

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6
Q

Diaphragm function

A

Adjusts amount of light passing through the slide

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7
Q

Mirror/light function

A

Light passes through slide so image can be seen clearly

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8
Q

How to fund total magnification

A

Eyepiece multiplied by objective lens

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9
Q

Stain animal cell with

A

Methylene blue

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10
Q

Stain plant cell with

A

Iodine

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11
Q

Features in plant cell

A 
Cell wall
Cell membrane 
Vacuole 
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
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12
Q

Cell wall function

A

Gives support and structure

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13
Q

Vacuole function

A

Contains plant sap, gives strength

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14
Q

What is ultrastructure

A

Ultrastructure refers to the appearance of structures as seen under an electron microscope

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15
Q

Difference between transmission and scanning electron microscopes

A

Transmission- shows internal structure

Scanning- surface structure

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16
Q

Cell structure of membranes

A

Double layer of phospholipid

Phospholipid is made of phosphate and lipid.
Protein is embedded in the layers

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17
Q

Function of cell membrane

A

Retention of liquid contents
Recognition of molecules
Control of what passes in and out

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18
Q

Nucleus is made of

A

Long Chromosomes

DNA and protein

19
Q

Function of nucleus

A

Controls cell

20
Q

Nucleolus are

A

Dark circles in the nucleus. They made ribosomes

21
Q

Cytoplasm is made of

A

Cell organelles eg mitochondria and ribosomes and cytosol

22
Q

What is cytosol

A

The liquid part of cytoplasm

23
Q

Mitochondrion function

A

Respiration takes place here, it supplies energy to the cell

Therefore active cells eg muscle cells have many mitochondria and inactive cells eg fat cells have little mitochondria

24
Q

Ribosomes structure and function

A

Made of rna and protein. They make protein

25
Q

Chloroplasts structure and function

A

Green , double membrane, where photosynthesis takes place

26
Q

What is a prokaryotic cell

A

A cell without a nucleus, or cell structures that’s are enclosed by membranes

27
Q

Eukaryotic cells are

A

Cells with a membrane enclosed nucleus and cell structures in

28
Q

Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

A

Prokaryotic:
Small, no mitochondria/chloroplast, primitive, include bacteria

Eukaryotic:
Large, have structures, more advanced, include plant and animal cells

29
Q

What’s a cell

A

The smallest unit of matter that can carry on all the processes of life

30
Q

What’s an organelle

A

A cell component that performs specific functions for a cell (cells organs)

31
Q

Cell membrane is made of

A

Phospholipids and proteins

32
Q

Consistency of membrane

A

Fluid

33
Q

Functions of membrane

A

Separate cell organelles and cytoplasm from the outside

Semi permeable - allows some molecules freely in and out and other not to enter

Give support

Recognise molecules that touch them

34
Q

Functions of nucleus

A

Controls activities of the cell

Contains genetic information

35
Q

What’s the nucleus made of

A

A double membrane with numerous clear pores

36
Q

What’s a nucleolus

A

Contains DNA, RNA and proteins

37
Q

What’s a chromatin

A

Contains DNA that is arranged in chromosomes which stores our genes

38
Q

Mitochondria function

A

Supply energy to the cell in a process called respiration

39
Q

Does more or less mitochondria produce more energy?

A

More

40
Q

Function of ribosomes

A

Make protein

41
Q

Cytoplasm function

A

Contains organelles within the cell

42
Q

The liquid in which chemical reactions take place in a cell

A

Water

43
Q

Name the possible processes that occur in the cell membrane

A

Diffusion and osmosis

44
Q

Type of cell you would expect to have few mitochondria

A

Parasites

Leaving Cert Biology - (41 decks)

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