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PARD2100 > Musculoskeletal system > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

Butterfly Vertebra

A

 A butterfly vertebra is a congenital defect of a vertebra that produces the radiographic appearance of a butterfly on an AP projection.
* Can alter the shape of the spinal canal
* It occurs when the two halves of the vertebral body fail to fuse together during fetal development. This creates a cleft in the center of the vertebra, which resembles the wings of a butterfly on an X-ray image, hence the name.

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2
Q

cervical rib

A
  • An extra rib attached to C7.
  • Poorly developed
  • It may compress the brachial nerve plexus or subclavian artery.
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3
Q

Osgood-Schlatter Disease

A

 It is a condition where the tibial tuberosity becomes inflamed following exercise.

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4
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

A

congenital bone disorder that is
characterized by bones that easily break.

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5
Q

Osteopetrosis

A
  • A condition whereby the bones are hard and dense.
  • Presence of sclerotic areas
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6
Q

Infantile osteopetrosis

A

osteopetrosis in children

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7
Q

Osteoporosis

A

 This disease is characterized by a reduction in bone mass that makes patients with this condition susceptible to fracture formation.

patients prone to hip fractures.

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8
Q

Radiographic appearances of Osteomalacia

A
  • osteopenia
  • Looser zones
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9
Q

factors involved in the pathogenesis of
osteoporosis.

A
  1. Aging
  2. postmenopausal
    hormone changes.
  3. Steroid use
  4. osteogenesis imperfecta
  5. Multiple myeloma
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10
Q

Osteomalacia

A

 This disease is characterized by a softening of bones that results from insufficient mineralization

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11
Q

radiographic appearances of osteomalacia

A

*Loss of trabecular detail
* Osteopenia( loss of bone density)

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12
Q

Sequestrum formation

A

An avascular island of bone that forms within abscess

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13
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

It’s a bacterial infection of the bone that causes bone destruction and abscess formation.

Mostly, Brodie’s abscess and sequestrum formation

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14
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

A type of arthritis that causes inflammation inthe the joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments and blood vessels

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15
Q

How does rheumatoid arthritis begin

A

It begins as a chronic inflammation of synovial membranes that line joints

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16
Q

Signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis

A
  • Morning stiffness
  • Pain
  • Ulnar deviation of the fingers
17
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis

A

A degenerative arthritis that usually begins in the sacroiliac joints and spreads to the spine

18
Q

Radiographic appearance of ankylosing spondylitis

A

Bamboo spine
Fusion of sacroiliac joints
Osteoporosis

19
Q

Gout

A

Is a disorder of purine metabolism that results in an increase in uric acid production.

Uric acid deposits in joints causing very painful inflammatory reactions.

Affects hands kneed and the great toe

20
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

A degenerative joint disease that is characterized by loss of joint cartilage and is replaced by a spur.

The spurs cause joint stiffness and pain that increases with inactivity

21
Q

Paget’s disease

A

A pathological condition characterized by an abnormal cycle of bone destruction followed by excessive bone growth and thickening.

Mostly in pelvis, lumbar, spine and skull

22
Q

Signs and symptoms of Paget’s disease

A
  • Bone pain
  • Deformity
  • Arthritis
  • Fractures
23
Q

Avascular necrosis ( AVN)

A

A pathological condition characterized by bone ischemia followed by inflammation and necrosis.

24
Q

Bone ischemia

A

A condition that occurs due to lack of blood flow to a bone.

25
Q

Necrosis

A

Death of living tissue, due to injury infection etc

26
Q

Causes of avascular necrosis

A
  • Excessive steroid use
  • Trauma
  • Alcoholism
27
Q

What imaging modality can be used to diagnose avascular necrosis

A

MRI

28
Q

Spondylosis

A

A condition that arises due to tear and wear of on the joints and discs of the spine.

It is usually bilateral and the net result is a loss of the neural arc continuity.

29
Q

Spondylosis commonly found between

A

L5 and S1

30
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A

A condition in which one of the bones of the spine slips forward out of place.

This causes the vertebrae canal to narrow and this impinge on the nerve roots

Has 4 grades(i-iv)

31
Q

Causes of spondylolisthesis

A
  • congenital
  • Fracture in a part of the vertebrae
  • Wear and tear of the joints and ligaments of the spine.
32
Q

Osteopoikilosis

A

Is an osteosclerotic bone dysplasia that is literally translated as spotted bones.

33
Q

Radiographic appearance of osteopoikilosis

A

Produces many small radiopaque densities that are sometime referred to as bone islands.

34
Q

Bone cyst

A

Benign, expansile, radiolucent lesions filled with fluid.

More in males, unknown etiology.

Can cause pain or pathologic fracture

PARD2100 (8 decks)

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