Introduction to pathology

Question 1

disease

Answer 1

a condition marked by abnormal disturbance in the function and structure of the human body as a result of injury or trauma.

Question 2

sources for pathology

Answer 2

congenital
hereditary
iatrogenic
infections

Question 3

Iatrogenic

Answer 3

A condition that results from medical treatment. e.g pneumothorax/ thoracentesis

Question 4

Pathogenesis

Answer 4

study of origin and development of diseases

Question 5

sign

Answer 5

manifestation observable by the health care worker, e.g swelling or skin rash

Question 6

Symptom

Answer 6

Patients perception of what is wrong and can be subjective. e.g headache

Question 7

syndrome

Answer 7

a group of signs and symptoms that characterize an abnormal disturbance. e.g marfans syndrome, a disorder of connective tissues

Question 8

Etiology

Answer 8

study of cause and origin of diseases

Question 9

idiopathic

Answer 9

the fact that there’s no real cause of a certain disease.e,g hypertension and a spontaneous
pneumothorax

Question 10

Inflammation

Answer 10

complex biological response of the body to stimulus within the body tissues.

Question 11

what is the ultimate goal of inflammation

Answer 11

safe removal of said injurious agents.

Question 12

Hyperemia

Answer 12

process of dilating blood capillariesto allow fluids and leucocytes to infiltrate the infected area.

Question 13

Inflammatory reactions.

Answer 13

• Abscess
• Ulcers
• Cellulitis

Question 14

Abscess

Answer 14

localized collection of pus that forms within the body’s tissues as a result of an infection

Question 15

Ulcers

Answer 15

inflammatory reaction that is the
result of a healing wound that is located on the skin or a
mucous membrane

Question 16

Cellulitis

Answer 16

An inflammation of the skin caused by bacteria infection.
Byproduct of bacterial reproduction within the tissue is the excretion of methane.

Question 17

Radiographic appearance of cellulitis

Answer 17

formation of air within the tissues due to the bacterial infection.

Question 18

Infarct

Answer 18

 Loss of blood supply to an organ or structure will cause the
surrounding tissue to die.

Question 18

Edema

Answer 18

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in body cavities or intercellular spaces.

can be cause by congestive heart failure.

Question 18

Ischemia

Answer 18

Obstruction of the normal blood flow to an organ or structure.

Question 18

Aplasia

Answer 18

This is the inability of an organ or structure to form
properly

Question 18

Neoplasm

Answer 18

refers to rapid growth or increase of cells abnormally.

Question 19

Atrophy

Answer 19

decrease in size of the cells within an organ
or structure.

Question 19

Hypertrophy

Answer 19

abnormal increase in cell size

Question 19

Splenomegaly

Answer 19

enlarged spleen

Question 19

Sarcoma

Answer 19

Sarcoma is a type of cancer that develops in connective tissues and soft tissues of the body.

Question 19

encology

Answer 19

study of neoplasms

Question 20

4 major categories of cancer

Answer 20

1. Carcinoma/ adenocarcinoma
2. Sarcoma
3. Leukemia
4. Lymphoma

Question 20

Carcinoma/ adenocarcinoma

Answer 20

 This type of cancer will arise from epithelial cells or tissues such as the breast, colon, or pancreas.

Question 21

types of leukemia

Answer 21

Acute leukemia; abnormal proliferation of immature blood cells that do not possess the ability to fight infection.

 Chronic leukemia; abnormal proliferation of mature blood cells that do not possess the ability to fight infection.

Question 21

Leukemia

Answer 21

cancer of blood and blood forming tissues.

Question 22

Lymphoma

Answer 22

type of cancer that originates in lymphatic tissues and affect the production of white blood cells.( Lymphocytes)

Question 23

categories of lymphoma

Answer 23

• Non Hodkins Lymphoma;
  This is the most common type of lymphoma and it is found in the spleen, liver, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and GI tract.
• Hodgkin’s Lymphoma;
  This cancer is characterized by the lymph nodes becoming swollen and rubbery yet they remain pain free.

Question 24

primary methods of treating cancer

Answer 24

1. surgery
2. Chemotherapy
3. Radiation therapy