Introduction to pathology Flashcards
disease
a condition marked by abnormal disturbance in the function and structure of the human body as a result of injury or trauma.
sources for pathology
congenital
hereditary
iatrogenic
infections
Iatrogenic
A condition that results from medical treatment. e.g pneumothorax/ thoracentesis
Pathogenesis
study of origin and development of diseases
sign
manifestation observable by the health care worker, e.g swelling or skin rash
Symptom
Patients perception of what is wrong and can be subjective. e.g headache
syndrome
a group of signs and symptoms that characterize an abnormal disturbance. e.g marfans syndrome, a disorder of connective tissues
Etiology
study of cause and origin of diseases
idiopathic
the fact that there’s no real cause of a certain disease.e,g hypertension and a spontaneous
pneumothorax
Inflammation
complex biological response of the body to stimulus within the body tissues.
what is the ultimate goal of inflammation
safe removal of said injurious agents.
Hyperemia
process of dilating blood capillariesto allow fluids and leucocytes to infiltrate the infected area.
Inflammatory reactions.
- Abscess
- Ulcers
- Cellulitis
Abscess
localized collection of pus that forms within the body’s tissues as a result of an infection
Ulcers
inflammatory reaction that is the
result of a healing wound that is located on the skin or a
mucous membrane
Cellulitis
An inflammation of the skin caused by bacteria infection.
Byproduct of bacterial reproduction within the tissue is the excretion of methane.
Radiographic appearance of cellulitis
formation of air within the tissues due to the bacterial infection.
Infarct
Loss of blood supply to an organ or structure will cause the
surrounding tissue to die.
Edema
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in body cavities or intercellular spaces.
can be cause by congestive heart failure.
Ischemia
Obstruction of the normal blood flow to an organ or structure.
Aplasia
This is the inability of an organ or structure to form
properly
Neoplasm
refers to rapid growth or increase of cells abnormally.
Atrophy
decrease in size of the cells within an organ
or structure.
Hypertrophy
abnormal increase in cell size
Splenomegaly
enlarged spleen
Sarcoma
Sarcoma is a type of cancer that develops in connective tissues and soft tissues of the body.
encology
study of neoplasms
4 major categories of cancer
- Carcinoma/ adenocarcinoma
- Sarcoma
- Leukemia
- Lymphoma
Carcinoma/ adenocarcinoma
This type of cancer will arise from epithelial cells or tissues such as the breast, colon, or pancreas.
types of leukemia
Acute leukemia; abnormal proliferation of immature blood cells that do not possess the ability to fight infection.
Chronic leukemia; abnormal proliferation of mature blood cells that do not possess the ability to fight infection.
Leukemia
cancer of blood and blood forming tissues.
Lymphoma
type of cancer that originates in lymphatic tissues and affect the production of white blood cells.( Lymphocytes)
categories of lymphoma
- Non Hodkins Lymphoma;
This is the most common type of lymphoma and it is found in the spleen, liver, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and GI tract. - Hodgkin’s Lymphoma;
This cancer is characterized by the lymph nodes becoming swollen and rubbery yet they remain pain free.
primary methods of treating cancer
- surgery
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation therapy
