Musculoskeletal - Benign Bone disorders

Question 1

Loss of bone quantity while bone quality is normal.

Answer 1

osteoporosis

Question 2

Senile type of osteoporosis is MC in _____ and due to lack of ________

Answer 2

Men

Growth hormone

Question 3

Loss of bone quality with softening of the bone.

Answer 3

osteomalacia

Question 4

Looser’s zones on x-rays of bones.

Answer 4

osteomalacia

Question 5

Loss of bone quality in children, bowlegs and Rachitic rosary (swollen costochondral joints) decrease vitamin D

Answer 5

rickets

Question 6

Brown (hemosiderin) bone cysts and hypercalcemia due to hyperparathyroidism.

Answer 6

osteitis fibrosa cystica

Question 7

Reduced bone mineral density, age, postmenopausal women, nutrient deficiency, much worse in women.

Answer 7

osteoporosis

Question 8

Osteoporosis MC fracture sites:

Answer 8

Vertebral body compression

Femoral neck

Question 9

Osteolysis followed by deposition of disorganized bone, enlarged bone that lacks strength, “shaggy” appearance.

Answer 9

Paget’s disease

Question 10

Shows up on x-ray with “Ivory vertebra” and also seen axial skeleton, femur, skull, pelvis and has fractures and nerve compression.

Answer 10

Paget’s disease

Question 11

Disruption of vascular supply to bone (fracture), bony necrosis, hip and shoulder.

Answer 11

Avascular necrosis

Question 12

Arrested development of bone, bone softening, most sever when involving multiple bones (polyostotitc), femur (Shepard’s crook), craniofacial distortion, sever distortion.

Answer 12

Fibrous dysplasia

Question 13

Polyostotic dysplasia, café-au-lait spots precocious puberty (endocrinopathy).

Answer 13

McCune-Albright syndrome

Question 14

Malignant, adolescent, Caucasians, femur, pelvis, periosteal reaction (onion skinning)

Answer 14

Ewing sarcoma

Question 15

Bone marrow infection, S. aureus, M tuberculosis, involucrum

Answer 15

Osteomyelitis

Question 16

Pronounced ankylosis on the anterior segment of vertebral bodies, common on anterior cervical vertebrae, “flowing ossification” or “melted candle wax”, idiopathic, diabetes.

Answer 16

Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH)

Question 17

DISH aka

Answer 17

Forestier’s disease

Question 18

Benign, round lesion, smaller than 2 cm in diameter, subcortical, central nidis (radiolucent), pain, nocturnal pain that is relieved by aspirin.

Answer 18

Osteoid osteoma

Question 19

Malignant, aggressive, adolescents, periosteal reaction (Codman’s triangle, sunburst), metaphyseal region of long bones, very common around knee, amputation.

Answer 19

osteosarcoma

Question 20

MC bone forming tumor in adolescents.

Answer 20

osteosarcoma.

Question 21

Benign, large cartilage-capped outgrowth, metaphysics, males, age 10-30, slow growing, cortex merges, common around knee

Answer 21

Osteochondroma

Question 22

Several osteochondromas called?

Answer 22

Multiple hereditary exostosis

Question 23

Benign, circular lucency with a narrow ring of sclerosis, almost always in hands.

Answer 23

enchondroma

Question 24

Multiple enchondromas of the hand

Answer 24

Ollier disease

Question 25

Malignant, periosteal reaction (thinning or thickening), adult males, pelvis, shoulders, may develop inside medullary cavity and may expand into surrounding soft tissue (palpable mass)

Answer 25

Chondrosarcoma

Question 26

Fibroblast growth factor receptor gene mutation, shortening of long bones, frontal bossing, Midvale hypoplasia, bullet vertebrae, central spinal canal stenosis.

Answer 26

achondroplasia | Congenital disorder

Question 27

Brittle bone disease, abnormal type I collagen, affects all extracellular matrix, weak bones, skin, joints, irregular teeth, hearing loss.

Answer 27

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 28

Stone bone, dysfunctional osteoblasts, marrow fills, fractures, cranial nerve palsied, Erlenmeyer flask deformities.

Answer 28

Osteopetrosis

Question 29

MC degenerative joint disorder.

Answer 29

osteoarthritis

Question 30

Degenerative joint disorder, altered articular cartilage, age-related, trauma, infection may accelerate, associated with subchondral cysts, Herberden nodes

Answer 30

osteoarthritis

Question 31

Gout MC in

Answer 31

males

Question 32

Gout is abnormal _____ metabolism.

Answer 32

purine

Question 33

Gout: Uric acid crystals in synovium called?

Answer 33

tophi

Question 34

Gout MC in ______ (pdagra)

Answer 34

hallux

Question 35

Calcific tendonitis, hydroxyapatite deposition into the tendons, idiopathic, 40-70 yrs old, reduced range of motion, pain, swelling

Answer 35

HADD | Hydroxyapatite deposition disease

Question 36

HADD MC involves what?

Answer 36

Rotator cuff muscles (supraspinatus)

Question 37

Phosphate deposition into cartilage, knee, wrist, faint Calcific appearance in joint space, elderly.

Answer 37

Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease CPPD

Question 38

CPPD aka?

Answer 38

pseudogout

Question 39

Borrelia burgdorferi from lxodes deer tick, early bullseye rash (erythema chromium migrans

Answer 39

Lyme arthritis

Question 40

Aggressive skeletal muscle cancer, children, head, neck. What cells?

Answer 40

Rhabdomyosarcoma | rhabdomyoblasts

Question 41

Malignant smooth muscle tumor, uterus (females), cigar shaped nuclei

Answer 41

Leimyosarcoma

Question 42

Benign smooth muscle tumor. Uterine fibroids, small intestine

Answer 42

leiomyoma

Question 43

Soft tissue calcification of hands (CREST syndrome), commonly involves hands.

Answer 43

scleroderma