General Principles 2

Question 1

Tissue may also respond to injury or stress in the following ways:

Answer 1

Hyperplasia
Hypertrophy
Atresia
atrophy

Question 2

Congenital absence of closure of a normal body opening.

Answer 2

atresia

Question 3

Decrease in size of cell or organ.

Answer 3

atrophy

Question 4

This necrosis happens in infractions in the heart and is due to what?

Answer 4

Coagulative

Protein denaturation

Question 5

Type of necrosis seen in the brain and in any abscess.

Answer 5

liquefactive

Question 6

Necrosis seen in TB.

Answer 6

caseous

Question 7

Necrosis seen in acute pancreatitis

Answer 7

enzymatic

Question 8

Necrosis seen in liver damage and injury to fatty tissues.

Answer 8

fat

Question 9

What are the two types of degeneration?

Answer 9

Zenker’s and Wallerian

Question 10

Degeneration when the waxy headline is seen in skeletal muscle.

Answer 10

Zenker’s

Question 11

Degeneration that is they dying back (anterograde) of nerve axons after injury to the nerves.

Answer 11

Wallerian

Question 12

Apoptosis is regulated by ____ and requires ____.

Answer 12

Nitric oxide (NO)
ATP

Question 13

When a cell is injured the nucleus undergoes specific changes. What are they in order of procession?

Answer 13

pyknosis
karyorrhexis
karyolysis

Question 14

Irreversible chromatic fragmentation [Ca++ influx].

Answer 14

karyorrhexis

Question 15

Irreversible nuclear chromatic condensation or clumping [pH changes].

Answer 15

pyknosis

Question 16

Enzymatic breakdown of DNA after cell death; complete disappearance of stainable nuclear material.

Answer 16

karyolysis

Question 17

Immune deficiency in which X-linked tyrosine kinase defect Blocks B cell maturation seen in Boys

Answer 17

Bruton’s agammaglobulinemia

Question 18

Immune deficiency in which thymic and parathyroid aplastic due to failure of 3rd and 4th Pharyngeal arch development deficient T cells.

Answer 18

DiGeorge syndrome

Question 19

Immune deficiency in which is often X-linked with defective B and T cell activation.

Answer 19

Severe Combined Immune Deficiency

Question 20

Immune deficiency which is X-linked defect with progressive depletion of B and T cells.

Answer 20

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

Question 21

Immune deficiency which is autosomal recessive defect in phagocytosis.

Answer 21

Chediak-Higashi syndrome

Question 22

Previously mentioned immune deficiencies present with _______.

Answer 22

Recurrent infections

Question 23

These recurrent infections with immune deficiencies can be either bacterial infections with __ cell deficiency OR viral and fungal infections with ____ deficiency.

Answer 23

Bacterial - B cell

Fungal; viral - T cell