General Principles 2 Flashcards
Tissue may also respond to injury or stress in the following ways:
Hyperplasia
Hypertrophy
Atresia
atrophy
Congenital absence of closure of a normal body opening.
atresia
Decrease in size of cell or organ.
atrophy
This necrosis happens in infractions in the heart and is due to what?
Coagulative
Protein denaturation
Type of necrosis seen in the brain and in any abscess.
liquefactive
Necrosis seen in TB.
caseous
Necrosis seen in acute pancreatitis
enzymatic
Necrosis seen in liver damage and injury to fatty tissues.
fat
What are the two types of degeneration?
Zenker’s and Wallerian
Degeneration when the waxy headline is seen in skeletal muscle.
Zenker’s
Degeneration that is they dying back (anterograde) of nerve axons after injury to the nerves.
Wallerian
Apoptosis is regulated by ____ and requires ____.
Nitric oxide (NO) ATP
When a cell is injured the nucleus undergoes specific changes. What are they in order of procession?
pyknosis
karyorrhexis
karyolysis
Irreversible chromatic fragmentation [Ca++ influx].
karyorrhexis
Irreversible nuclear chromatic condensation or clumping [pH changes].
pyknosis
Enzymatic breakdown of DNA after cell death; complete disappearance of stainable nuclear material.
karyolysis
Immune deficiency in which X-linked tyrosine kinase defect Blocks B cell maturation seen in Boys
Bruton’s agammaglobulinemia
Immune deficiency in which thymic and parathyroid aplastic due to failure of 3rd and 4th Pharyngeal arch development deficient T cells.
DiGeorge syndrome
Immune deficiency in which is often X-linked with defective B and T cell activation.
Severe Combined Immune Deficiency
Immune deficiency which is X-linked defect with progressive depletion of B and T cells.
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
Immune deficiency which is autosomal recessive defect in phagocytosis.
Chediak-Higashi syndrome
Previously mentioned immune deficiencies present with _______.
Recurrent infections
These recurrent infections with immune deficiencies can be either bacterial infections with __ cell deficiency OR viral and fungal infections with ____ deficiency.
Bacterial - B cell
Fungal; viral - T cell
