Cardiovascular 2 Flashcards
Hypertension is elevation of BP >_____ on __ or more occasions.
140/90
3
95% of HTN are?
Essential (unknown)
Secondary HTN can be due to:
Hyperthyroidism
Cushing’s
Unilateral renal artery stenosis
pheochromocytoma
Rapidly progressing HTN that can lead to stroke or heart failure and early death:
Malignant hypertension
These patients present with dyspnea on exertion, basal crackles in both lungs, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, raised jugular venous pressure, tender hepatomegaly, and bilateral pitting ankle.
CHF
CHF is caused by: 5
Coronary artery disease HTN Valvular heart disease Congenital heart disease cardiomyopathy
Disease myocardium is called:
cardiomyopathy
Cardiomyopathy is caused by:
Alcohol, pregnancy, and viral infections
MC type of cardiomyopathy is:
dilated
Three types of cardiomyopathy:
Dilated
Hypertrophic
restrictive
Right sided heart failure called:
Cor pulmonale
Two things that cause cor pulmonale?
COPD
Pulmonary embolism
Occurs when heart is compressed due to excess fluid in pericardial sac
Cardiac tamponade
Beck’s triangle associated with:
Cardiac tamponade
What is Beck’s triangle:
Hypotension
Heart sounds distant
High jugular venous pressure
Caused by atherosclerotic narrowing of large arteries:
Peripheral vascular disease
Present with intermittent claudication - leg pain worse on walking and relieved by rest.
Peripheral vascular disease
This is related to Virchow’s triad:
Deep vein thrombosis
Virchow’s triad is:
Viscosity - increased clotting
Stasis - in veins from prolonged immobilization
Damage - to the endothelium of vessel wall/trauma
May be associated with Factor V Leiden defect
DVT
Pulmonary embolism may be related to:
DVT
95% of pulmonary embolism come from ___ or ___.
Leg or pelvis
Pulmonary embolism occludes one of the _______.
Pulmonary arteries
PE causes a __________ mismatch
Ventricular/perfusion
PE presets with a triad of:
Shortness of breath
Pleuritic chest pain
Hemoptysis - blood stained sputum
Varicose veins may lead to:
thrombophlebitis
Inflammation of the vein wall and may lead to thrombosis, presents with a swollen tender superficial cord under the skin:
thrombophlebitis
Decreased blood flow triggered by cold and emotion.
Raynaud’s disease
Raynaud’s disease is often seen in _______. Cause?
Young females
No known cause
Raynaud’s disease: characterized by: white ____, blue____, red _____
vasospasm
Cyanosis
vasodilation
Raynaud’s phenomenon secondary to:
SLE
Athersclerosis
scleroderma
May be part of a CREST syndrome with anti-centromere antibodies:
Raynaud’s syndrome
CREST: C =
calcinosis cutis
CREST: R =
Raynaud’s phenomenon
CREST: E =
Esophageal dysfunction
CREST: S =
sclerodactyly
CREST: T =
telangiectasia
Polyarteritis nodosa is vascular inflammation due to a type _____ hypersensitivity reaction.
III
Polyarteritis nodosa affects ______ sized arteries, 30% are seropositive for ______.
Medium
Hepatitis B
May present with fever, abdominal pains, and palpable purpura.
Polyarteritis nodosa
Idiopathic segmental inflammation of medium sized arteries and veins seen in male smokers between 20-40 years old.
Buerger’s disease
Buerger’s disease aka
Thromboangiitis obliterans
Buerger’s disease presents with:
Intermittent claudication and weakened distal pulses
Localized giant cell inflammation:
Temporal arteritis
Temporal arthritis associated with a raised ____, mainly seen in ______, may be associated with ________, and may cause ______>
ESR
Elderly
polymyalgia rheumatica
blindness
Pulseless disease
Takayasu’s arteritis
This is due to inflammation of the aorta, possibly immune. MC in Asian females
Takayasu’s arthritis
upper
Benign blood vessel tumor.
hemangioma
Hemangioma can occur in the ___ or the ____.
Skin, spine
Neoplastic (blood) seen in people with AIDS
Kaposi sarcoma
Kaposi sarcoma cause by HHV ___?
8
Benign myxomatous tumor in the region of the fossa ovals.
Atrial myxoma
Atrial myxoma is in the region of the _____.
Fossa ovalis
