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My NBCE Part 1 - Pathology Study > Cardiovascular 2 > Flashcards

Cardiovascular 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Hypertension is elevation of BP >_____ on __ or more occasions.

A

140/90

3

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2
Q

95% of HTN are?

A

Essential (unknown)

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3
Q

Secondary HTN can be due to:

A

Hyperthyroidism
Cushing’s
Unilateral renal artery stenosis
pheochromocytoma

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4
Q

Rapidly progressing HTN that can lead to stroke or heart failure and early death:

A

Malignant hypertension

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5
Q

These patients present with dyspnea on exertion, basal crackles in both lungs, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, raised jugular venous pressure, tender hepatomegaly, and bilateral pitting ankle.

A

CHF

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6
Q

CHF is caused by: 5

A 
Coronary artery disease
HTN
Valvular heart disease
Congenital heart disease
cardiomyopathy
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7
Q

Disease myocardium is called:

A

cardiomyopathy

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8
Q

Cardiomyopathy is caused by:

A

Alcohol, pregnancy, and viral infections

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9
Q

MC type of cardiomyopathy is:

A

dilated

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10
Q

Three types of cardiomyopathy:

A

Dilated
Hypertrophic
restrictive

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11
Q

Right sided heart failure called:

A

Cor pulmonale

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12
Q

Two things that cause cor pulmonale?

A

COPD

Pulmonary embolism

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13
Q

Occurs when heart is compressed due to excess fluid in pericardial sac

A

Cardiac tamponade

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14
Q

Beck’s triangle associated with:

A

Cardiac tamponade

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15
Q

What is Beck’s triangle:

A

Hypotension
Heart sounds distant
High jugular venous pressure

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16
Q

Caused by atherosclerotic narrowing of large arteries:

A

Peripheral vascular disease

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17
Q

Present with intermittent claudication - leg pain worse on walking and relieved by rest.

A

Peripheral vascular disease

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18
Q

This is related to Virchow’s triad:

A

Deep vein thrombosis

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19
Q

Virchow’s triad is:

A

Viscosity - increased clotting
Stasis - in veins from prolonged immobilization
Damage - to the endothelium of vessel wall/trauma

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20
Q

May be associated with Factor V Leiden defect

A

DVT

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21
Q

Pulmonary embolism may be related to:

A

DVT

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22
Q

95% of pulmonary embolism come from ___ or ___.

A

Leg or pelvis

23
Q

Pulmonary embolism occludes one of the _______.

A

Pulmonary arteries

24
Q

PE causes a __________ mismatch

A

Ventricular/perfusion

25
Q

PE presets with a triad of:

A

Shortness of breath
Pleuritic chest pain
Hemoptysis - blood stained sputum

26
Q

Varicose veins may lead to:

A

thrombophlebitis

27
Q

Inflammation of the vein wall and may lead to thrombosis, presents with a swollen tender superficial cord under the skin:

A

thrombophlebitis

28
Q

Decreased blood flow triggered by cold and emotion.

A

Raynaud’s disease

29
Q

Raynaud’s disease is often seen in _______. Cause?

A

Young females

No known cause

30
Q

Raynaud’s disease: characterized by: white ____, blue____, red _____

A

vasospasm
Cyanosis
vasodilation

31
Q

Raynaud’s phenomenon secondary to:

A

SLE
Athersclerosis
scleroderma

32
Q

May be part of a CREST syndrome with anti-centromere antibodies:

A

Raynaud’s syndrome

33
Q

CREST: C =

A

calcinosis cutis

34
Q

CREST: R =

A

Raynaud’s phenomenon

35
Q

CREST: E =

A

Esophageal dysfunction

36
Q

CREST: S =

A

sclerodactyly

37
Q

CREST: T =

A

telangiectasia

38
Q

Polyarteritis nodosa is vascular inflammation due to a type _____ hypersensitivity reaction.

A

III

39
Q

Polyarteritis nodosa affects ______ sized arteries, 30% are seropositive for ______.

A

Medium

Hepatitis B

40
Q

May present with fever, abdominal pains, and palpable purpura.

A

Polyarteritis nodosa

41
Q

Idiopathic segmental inflammation of medium sized arteries and veins seen in male smokers between 20-40 years old.

A

Buerger’s disease

42
Q

Buerger’s disease aka

A

Thromboangiitis obliterans

43
Q

Buerger’s disease presents with:

A

Intermittent claudication and weakened distal pulses

44
Q

Localized giant cell inflammation:

A

Temporal arteritis

45
Q

Temporal arthritis associated with a raised ____, mainly seen in ______, may be associated with ________, and may cause ______>

A

ESR
Elderly
polymyalgia rheumatica
blindness

46
Q

Pulseless disease

A

Takayasu’s arteritis

47
Q

This is due to inflammation of the aorta, possibly immune. MC in Asian females

A

Takayasu’s arthritis

upper

48
Q

Benign blood vessel tumor.

A

hemangioma

49
Q

Hemangioma can occur in the ___ or the ____.

A

Skin, spine

50
Q

Neoplastic (blood) seen in people with AIDS

A

Kaposi sarcoma

51
Q

Kaposi sarcoma cause by HHV ___?

A

8

52
Q

Benign myxomatous tumor in the region of the fossa ovals.

A

Atrial myxoma

53
Q

Atrial myxoma is in the region of the _____.

A

Fossa ovalis

My NBCE Part 1 - Pathology Study (9 decks)

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