Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

My NBCE Part 1 - Pathology Study > General Principles - Blue book > Flashcards

General Principles - Blue book Flashcards

1
Q

What is the body’s innate response to injury?

A

inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation?

A 
rubor
Dolor
calor
tumor
Functio laesa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is rubor? What causes it?

A

Redness

Due to vasodilator caused by histamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is dolor?

A

Pain

Due to kallikrein and bradykinin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is calor?

A

heat

Due to increased vascularity due to histamine and serotonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is tumor?

A

Swelling due to increased vascular permeability - histamine and serotonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is functio laesa

A

Loss of function

Due to decreased cell functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the cellular responses to tissue injury or inflammation?

A 
margination
Chemotaxis
Rolling and adhesion
pavementation
Emigration
phagocytosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

This is the way WBCs move to the periphery of the blood vessel by chemotaxis.

A

margination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

This is due to inflammatory compounds which attract WBCs.

A

chemotaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Refers to WBCs sticking to the endothelium

A

pavementation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The passage of WBCs through blood vessels facilitated by chemotaxis.

A

emigration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What two types of things happen in emigration?

A

diapedsis or transmigration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which cells phagocytize in in injured tissues?

A

macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the Hemodynamics (vascular) changes?

A

Initial vasoconstriction
vasodilation
Increased vascular permeability
Blood stasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How long does the initial vasodilation happen?

A

A few seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Vasodilator is mediated by what?

A

Histamine
bradykinin and kallikrien
Serotonin
prostaglandins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Histamine is released by the degranulation of which cells?

A

Basophils (and related mast cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

bradykinin and kallkrein are responsible for what?

A

nociception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Serotonin is released by what?

A

platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which compounds are responsible for further inflammation?

A

prostaglandins

22
Q

Blood stasis is due to what?

A

Increased viscosity

23
Q

What is a pus filled cavity called?

A

abcess

24
Q

These result in there is a loss of surface epithelium.

A

ulcer

25
Q

This is an abnormal communication between two epithelial surfaces.

A

Fistula (vesicolic fistula)

26
Q

A blind ended tract connected to one epithelial surface.

A

sinus

27
Q

Occurs when tissue healing and is characterized by fibrous tissue.

A

scar

28
Q

A tumorous overgrowth of fibrous tissue in a scar. MC in black people.

A

keloid

29
Q

What cells are found in chronic inflammation?

A

epithelioid cells, Langhans giant cells, and granulomas

30
Q

These cells seen in chronic inflammation are activated macrophages found in granulomatous conditions like TB.

A

epithelioid cells

31
Q

These cells seen in chronic inflammation are found in granulomatous diseases; they are formed by the fusion of many epithelioid cells.

A

Langhans cells (giant cells)

32
Q

This type of change is characterized by specialized macrophages surrounded by a rim of activated lymphocytes.

A

Granulomatous change

33
Q

With chronic inflammation cells can go through these types of changes:

A

Metaplasia
Dysplasia
Anaplasia
neoplasia

34
Q

One cell type undergoes is replaced by another cell type.

A

metaplasia

35
Q

Is metaplasia reversible?

A

yes

36
Q

Metaplasia is seen in this condition which occurs with chronic GERD.

A

Barrett’s esophagus

37
Q

Disorderly but non-neoplastic growth.

A

dysplasia

38
Q

Severe dysplasia is _____ and may lead to _______.

A

Precancerous

Carcinoma in situ

39
Q

Disorganized, uncontrolled growth with lack of differentiation.

A

anaplasia

40
Q

New growth of cells and is synonymous with a tumor.

A

neoplasia

41
Q

Tissue injury is caused by?

A

Ischemic
Hypoxic
anoxia

42
Q

Caused by lack of blood supply.

A

ischemia

43
Q

Caused by oxygen deprivation or deceased [oxygen].

A

hypoxia

44
Q

Absence of oxygen

A

apoxia

45
Q

When tissues are deprived of blood supply, the following might occur depending on when this occurs.

A

Agenesis
Aplasia
hypoplasia
infarction

46
Q

Complete absence of an organ at birth:

A

agenesis

47
Q

Failure of an organ or a tissue to develop normally; only a small remnant is left.

A

aplasia

48
Q

Underdevelopment of an organ or a tissue resulting in decrease in number of cells.

A

hypoplasia

49
Q

Death of a tissue due to lack of blood supply.

A

infarction

50
Q

Red (hemorrhagic) infarction occurs in organs with dual blood supply like:

A

Brain, liver, lung, and gut

51
Q

White infarction occurs with end arteries:

A

Heart and kidney

My NBCE Part 1 - Pathology Study (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions