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My NBCE Part 1 - Pathology Study > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

Cyanotic heart disease is due to a _____ to _____ shunt in the heart.

A

Right to left

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2
Q

What three things show cyanotic heart disease?

A

Fallot’s Tetralogy
Transposition of the great vessels
Persistent Truncus Arteriosis

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3
Q

MC cyanotic heart disease:

A

Fallot’s tetralogy

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4
Q

Fallot’s Tetralogy consists of? 4

A

Pulmonary stenosis
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Overriding (dextra-position) aorta
VSD

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5
Q

Failure of ductus arteriosus to close after birth?

A

PDA - patent ductus arteriosus

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6
Q

Due to defect in the atrial septum: failure of the ostium secundum to close.

A

ASD - Atrial septal defect

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7
Q

Due to defect in the ventricular septum:

A

VSD - ventral septal defect

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8
Q

MC congenital heart disease (30%)

A

VSD

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9
Q

Due to narrowing of the arch near the ligamentum arteriosum.

A

Coarctation of the aorta

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10
Q

Uncommon cause of congenital cyanotic heart disease in which the aorta is connected to the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk is connected to the left ventricle.

A

Transposition of the Great Vessels

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11
Q

Due to a post-strep infection

A

Rheumatic fever

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12
Q

Rheumatic fever is what type of hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Type II

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13
Q

MC valve to be damaged in rheumatic fever?

A

mitral

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14
Q

In rheumatic fever this valve will be damage 25% of the time.

A

aortic

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15
Q

Characterized by Aschoff bodies (granulomas with Antischkow giant cells) and MacCullum’s patches which are found in the ____ atrium.

A

Rheumatic fever

left

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16
Q

Endocarditis may be caused by what?

A

Strep. pyogenes, viridians, or Staph. aureus

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17
Q

Jones major criteria in diagnosing rheumatic fever are:

A 
SPEC:
Syndeham's chorea
Polyarteritis
Erythema marginatum
Carditis
Subcutaneous nodules
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18
Q

This type of Endocarditis is seen MC as a sequel of rheumatic fever (S. viridians)

A

Subacute bacterial endocarditis

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19
Q

This Endocarditis is an infection of previously HEALTHY valves.

A

Acute bacterial endocarditis

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20
Q

This Endocarditis has splinter hemorrhages, Olser’s Nodes and Janeway nodules.

A

Subacute bacterial endocarditis

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21
Q

This Endocarditis is seen MC in intravenous drug users (staph. Aureus)

A

Acute endocarditis

22
Q

This the sterile (non-infective) Endocarditis seen in SLE?

A

Libman Sacks Endocarditis (SLE - get it?)

23
Q

Libman Sacks Endocarditis affects which two valves?

A

Mitral and tricuspid

24
Q

This is a treponema palladium infection leading to aortic aneurysm, aortic stenosis, and angina pectoris.

A

Syphilitic aortitis

25
Q

Syphilitic aortitis often affects the _____ aorta in ____ syphilis.

A

Arch of the aorta

tertiary

26
Q

Clot formed within an atherosclerotic vessel with lines of Zahn.

A

thrombus

27
Q

Dislodged mass of undissolved material in blood vessel traveling the blood.

A

embolism

28
Q

Which type of embolism is painless, pulseless, and perishingly cold limb?

A

Arterial embolism

29
Q

Thickening of the arteries with loss of elasticity and contractility due to infiltration of the tunica intima of collagen and smooth muscle fibers.

A

arteriosclerosis

30
Q

Commonly caused by lipid/calcium deposits in the tunica intima.

A

athersclerosis

31
Q

Who is at risk for athersclerosis:

A

Male, obese, age

32
Q

The pathology of this includes subendothelial fatty streaks, fibrosis, atheromas, rupture with eventual occlusion or embolus formation.

A

athersclerosis

33
Q

Ischemic heart disease is caused by ______ athersclerosis.

A

coronary

34
Q

Coronary athersclerosis in ischemic heart disease leads to what?

A

Angina
Myocardial infarction
CHF

35
Q

This condition is caused by REVERSIBLE inadequately perfused myocardium and the pain is aggravated by stress and exertion and RELIEVED by rest.

A

Angina pectoris

36
Q

This angina occurs AT REST and is caused by what?

A

Prinzmetal (variant) angina

Coronary artery spasm

37
Q

This condition of the heart is NOT relieved by rest.

A

Myocardial infarction

38
Q

Myocardial infarction related to ischemic necrosis of the myocardium due to blocked coronary artery, mainly the:

A

Left anterior descending artery

39
Q

This condition results in the release of cardiac enzymes such as troponin, creating kinase-MB, and lactic dehydrogenase.

A

Myocardial infarction

40
Q

Local dilation of an artery: congenital or acquired.

A

aneurysm

41
Q

Atherosclerotic aneurysm most often affect:

A

Abdominal aorta

42
Q

This type of aneurysm presents with a Pulsatile abdominal mass with a bruit and low back pain.

A

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

43
Q

Dissecting aneurysm results from a longitudinal _____ tearing of the _________ _____ aorta.

A

Intramural

Ascending thoracic

44
Q

Dissecting aneurysm is seen in these two syndromes

A

Marfan’s and Ehlers-Danlos

45
Q

Syphilitic aneurysm occurs where?

A

Arch of the aorta

46
Q

Berry aneurysms are ______ weaknesses only present in the _____ decade.

A

Congenital

3rd

47
Q

Berry aneurysm may be associated with what?

A

adult polycystic disease of the kidney

48
Q

What area is the Berry aneurysm located?

A

Anterior part of the circle of Willis: ant. Communicating artery (?)

49
Q

Berry aneurysm can cause a ___________ hemorrhage in young adults.

A

subarachnoid

50
Q

This can present with a severe sudden (thunder clap) headache, neck stiffness, and loss of consciousness.

A

Berry aneurysm

My NBCE Part 1 - Pathology Study (9 decks)

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