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My NBCE Part 1 - Pathology Study > GI Pathology > Flashcards

GI Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Failure of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) to relax; loss of ganglion cells.

A

achalasia

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2
Q

Hernia of the stomach into the chest through the diaphragm.

A

Hiatal hernia

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3
Q

Esophageal varices are dilated veins in the _____ esophagus. Seen in what?

A

Lower

Portal hypertension

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4
Q

Chronic inflammation of the lower esophagus due to acid regurgitation.

A

GERD

Gastro-esophageal reflux disease

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5
Q

Premalignant metaplastic change of lower esophagus due to GERD.

A

Barrett’s esophagus

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6
Q

MC esophageal cancer: Show excess _______ in the diet.

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

nitrosamines

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7
Q

Esophageal cancer: Adenocarcinoma comes from?

A

Barrett’s esophagus

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8
Q

Linear tear in lower esophagus due to protracted vomiting and retching.

A

Mallory-Weiss syndrome

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9
Q

Peptic ulcer disease is due to a ______ infection.

A

Helicobacter pylori

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10
Q

Peptic ulcer presents with an ulcer along the ________ of the stomach - 70% of the time or on the _____95%.

A

Lesser curvature - 70%

Duodenum - 95%

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11
Q

Epigastric pain is _____ with meals in gastric/stomach and _____ with duodenal ulcers.

A

Greater - gastric

Decreases - duodenal

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12
Q

Young male infant, projectile vomiting, hypertrophic pylori sphincter

A

Congenital pyloric stenosis.

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13
Q

Atrophic gastritis is caused by _____ infection. Predisposition to _______ and ________.

A

H. pylori
Pernicious anemia (B12)
Stomach cancer

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14
Q

What can cause a gastric carcinoma?

A

H pylori infection
Smoking
High nitrosamines in diet

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15
Q

Gastric carcinoma is MC in what area of stomach?

A

Lesser curvature

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16
Q

Unexplained weight loss is seen in gastric carcinoma as well as Troisier’s sign which is:

A

Metastatic lymph node in the left supraclavicular fossa (node is known as Virchow’s node)

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17
Q

Non-caseous granuloma, cobblestone terminal ileum, skip lesions, and fistula.

A

Crohn’s disease

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18
Q

Crohn’s disease aka

A

Regional ileitis

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19
Q

Meckel’s diverticulum is a remnant of?

A

vitelline duct

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20
Q

What are the 2’s of Meckel’s diverticulum?

A 
2" long
2' proximal to the ileocecal valve
2% of people
2x's MC in males
2 types of tissue: gastric and pancreatic
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21
Q

Celiac disease aka? Due to malabsorption of?

A

Celiac sprue

gluten

22
Q

Whipple’s disease aka?

A

Tropical sprue

23
Q

Tropical sprue/Whipple’s disease caused by? Results in?

A 
trophermya whipplei (gram+ rod)
steatorrhea and arthritis
24
Q

Appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix following blockage of it’s lumber by a ______.

A

fecalith

25
Q

Appendicitis: periumbilical pain radiation to the ____ pain with tenderness at ________ point.

A

RLQ

McBurney’s point

26
Q

Diverticulis is inflammation in the diverticulum in the _____. MC in _______. Causes _____ pain and blood in stool.

A

Bowel
Older male
LLQ

27
Q

Telescoping of a proximal part of bowel into a distal segment. Presents with abdominal pain and intestinal obstruction in a _____.

A

intussusception

child

28
Q

Arrested neural crest cell migration, congenital aganglionosis of the _______ colon. Present with chronic constipation and a distended abdomen in _____. What is it?

A

Descending
Children
Hirschsprung’s disease

29
Q

Chronic ulcerative inflammation. Present with bloody diarrhea, toxic megacolon, and an increased risk of colon CA.

A

Ulcerative colitis

30
Q

Ulcerative colitis is mainly confined to what area?

A

rectum

31
Q

Third most common cancer in both sexes.

A

Carcinoma of the colon

32
Q

Unexplained weight loss and change of bowel habits in the older population.

A

Carcinoma of the colon

33
Q

Twisting part of the bowel on itself. Present with intestinal obstruction and abdominal pain.

A

volvulus

34
Q

Volvulus is MC in what population? Also MC in what area?

A

Black

Sigmoid colon

35
Q

Oral pigmentation and multiple intestinal polyps.

A

Peutz-Jegher syndrome

36
Q

Spastic colon of unknown cause.

A

Irritable bowel disease

37
Q

Irritable bowel disease is associated with?

A

Interstitial cystitis

38
Q

Present with abdominal pain relieved by dedication with diarrhea and/or constipation.

A

Irritable bowel disease

39
Q

Inflammation of the liver.

A

Hepatitis

40
Q

This is seen in the liver with chronic passive venous congestion seen in CHF.

A

Nutmeg liver

41
Q

Hepatitis __ and __ : fecal/oral transmission. Water borne infection (vowels like the bowels)

A

Hepatitis A and E

42
Q

Hepatitis ___: intravenous drug use and sexually transmitted; chronic carrier state

A

B

43
Q

Chronic Hepatitis: MC cause of post transfusion hepatitis

A

C

44
Q

Chronic liver condition with damage, fibrosis and regeneration nodules.

A

Cirrhosis

45
Q

Cirrhosis usually presents with what?

A

Portal hypertension

46
Q

Obstruction to portal blood flow to the liver due to liver fibrosis.

A

Portal hypertension

47
Q

Rare cause of childhood hepatoencephalopathy caused by the use of aspirin in children.

A

Reyes’s syndrome

48
Q

Accumulation of excess fluid in the abdomen.

A

ascites

49
Q

Causes aspires, caput medusae, esophageal varices, and internal hemorrhoids

A

Portal hypertension

50
Q

Dilated varicose veins radiating from the umbilicus

A

Caput medusae

51
Q

Portal tension may also be cause by decrease _____ and increased _____ levels.

A

Protein

aldosterone

My NBCE Part 1 - Pathology Study (9 decks)

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