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PE > Musculo-skeletal System > Flashcards

Musculo-skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Protection (functions in SS)

A

Skeleton protects vital organs including the heart.

Ex.A hockey ball hits your head, the skull will protect the brain

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2
Q

Blood cell production (functions of SS)

A

Produced in the bone marrow:

  • platelets help with blood clotting.
  • White blood cells fight infection.
  • Red blood cells carry oxygen to respiring muscles.
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3
Q

Mineral storage (functions of SS)

A

Bones store calcium and phosphorus.

These are vital for maintaining strong and healthy bones.

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4
Q

Joints for movement (functions in SS)

A

Joints are where 2 or more bones meet.
Allow 2 types of movements:
“Fine”- picking and writing with a pen.
“Gross”- throwing a javelin

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5
Q

Muscle attachment (functions of SS)

A

Muscles are attached to bones via tendons.

When muscles contract bones are pulled up causing movement.

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6
Q

Long bones (types of bones)

A

Aid movement by working as levers.
Ex: The humerus and the femur.
Ex in sport: act as lever to kick a football at speed.

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7
Q

Short bones (types of bones)

A

Weight bearing and provide support.
Ex: The aceparlas and tarsals.
Ex in sport: supports body weight in handstand.

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8
Q

Flat bones (types of bones)

A

Provide protection and have large SA for muscles to attach to.
Ex: ribs and sternum
Ex in sport: cranium protects brain if hit by cricket ball.

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9
Q

Irregular bones (types of bones)

A

Provide protection and allow muscle attachment.
Ex: the vertebrae
Ex in sport: muscles attach to vertebrae allowing to bend down for ball.

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10
Q

Hand bones

A

From bottom to top:
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges

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11
Q

Feet bones

A

From bottom to top:
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges

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12
Q

The vertebral column

A 
From top to bottom:
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacrum 
Coccyx
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13
Q

Hinge joint

A

Located: knee, elbow and ankle.
Movements: flexion, Extension, Dorsi-flexion, Plantar-flexion.

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14
Q

Ball and socket joints

A

Located: hip and shoulder.
Movement:Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction and Rotation.

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15
Q

Pivot joint

A

Location: neck
Movement: rotation

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16
Q

Condyloid joint

A

Located: wrist
Movement: Flexion, Extension, Abduction and Adduction.

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17
Q

Flexion (movement at joint)

A

When angle at joint decreases.
Occurs: hinge, ball and socket, condyloid joints.
Ex in sport: bending knee back in preparation to kick football.

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18
Q

Extension (movement at joint)

A

When angle at angle increases.
Occurs: hinge, ball and socket,
condyloid joints.
Ex in sport: at knee when following through after kicking football.

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19
Q

Abduction (movement at joint)

A

Movement of limb away from middle of body.
Occurs: ball and socket, condyloid joints.
Ex in sport: reaching sideways to intercept basketball pass.

20
Q

Adduction (movement at joint)

A

Movement of limb towards middle of body.
Occurs: ball and socket, condyloid joints.
Ex in sport: moving arms and legs towards body during star jump.

21
Q

Rotation (movement at joint)

A

Bone at joint moves around it’s own axis, circular movement.
Occurs: ball and socket joints.
Ex in sport: at shoulder when swimming front crawl.

22
Q

Circumduction (movement at joint)

A

Movement shape of cone.
Allows 360 degree movement.
Occurs: ball and socket joints.
Ex in sport: at shoulder when swimming butterfly.

23
Q

Plantar-Flexion (movement at joint)

A

Movement of pointing toes.
Occurs: hinge joints (ankle)
Ex in sport: ballet dancer is in their toes.

24
Q

Dorsi-Flexion (movement at joint)

A

Movement of toes towards shin.
Occurs: hinge joints (ankle)
Ex in sport: hurdler lifts leg to clear the barrier.

25
Q

Ligaments

A

Attach bone to bone.
Role: keep joint stable
Prevents unwanted movement might cause injury (dislocation).
Very common injury in team sports

26
Q

Cardiac muscle (types of muscle)

A

Forms the heart.
Unconsciously controlled- don’t think to make it contract.
Cardoiac muscle in heart controls to pump blood around body.

27
Q

Voluntary/ skeletal muscle (types of muscle)

A

Attach via tendons to skeleton allowing movement.
Under conscious control- move them when we want to.
Ex: biceps contact when performing bicep curl.

28
Q

Involuntary/smooth muscle (types of muscle)

A

Found in organs of digestive system, circulatory and urinary system.
Contract slowly and rhythmically.
Unconsciously controlled- contract automatically when required by body.
Ex: involuntary muscles in blood vessels help regulate blood flow.

29
Q

Deltoid

A

Location: top of shoulder
Role: abducts arm at shoulder
Ex: lifting arms above head to block ball in volleyball.

30
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

Location: side of back
Role: Adducts upper arm at shoulder.
Ex: butterfly in swimming.

31
Q

Pectoralis major

A

Location: front of upper chest
Role: abducts arm at shoulder.
Ex: follow through from forehand in tennis.

32
Q

External obliques

A

Location: between lower ribs and abdomen.
Role: rotates trunk and helps pull chest down.
Ex: rotating trunk when throwing javelin.

33
Q

Biceps

A

Location: front of upper arm.
Role: Flexion of arm at elbow.
Ex: upwards phase of biceps curl.

34
Q

Triceps

A

Location: back of upper arm.
Role: Extension of arm at elbow.
Ex: straightening arms during chest press.

35
Q

Quadriceps

A

Location: front of upper leg.
Role: Extension of leg at knee.
Ex: straightening leg after kicking ball.

36
Q

Hamstrings

A

Location: back of upper leg.
Role: Flexion of leg at knee.
Ex: bending trail leg going over hurdle.

37
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Location: back of lower leg.
Role: Plantar-Flexion at ankle.
Ex: Pointing tip-toes in ballet.

38
Q

Tibialis interior

A

Location: front of lower leg.
Role: dorsi-Flexion at ankle.
Ex: bringing toes up when doing ski jump.

39
Q

Hip flexors

A

Location: very top of upper leg
Role: Flexion of leg at hip.
Ex: lifting knees high during sprinting.

40
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

Location: Buttocks.
Role: extension of leg at hip.
Ex: lifting legs back when running.

41
Q

Antagonistic pairs explanation

A

Muscles that work together.

One muscles contracts (antagonist) the other muscle relaxes (antagonist).

42
Q

Antagonistic pairs examples

A

Biceps and triceps- work together to flex and extend arm at elbow.
Quadriceps and hamstrings- work together when kicking ball.
Gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior- work when plantar-Flexion and dorsi-Flexion at ankle.
Hip flexors and gluteus Maximus- allow Flexion and extension and hip.

43
Q

What are the muscle fibre types?

A

Slow twitch- Type I
Fast twitch- Type IIa
Fast twitch- Type IIx

44
Q

Slow twitch- type I

A 
Produce low force.
Slow speed of contraction.
High endurance.
Activities to keep going without tiring.
Ex: cross country race.
Do not produce much power.
45
Q

Fast twitch- IIa

A 
Produce high force.
Moderate speed of contraction.
Medium endurance.
More resistance to fatigue than IIx.
Ex: 400m race.
Not as powerful as Type IIx, resistant as type I.
46
Q

Fast twitch- Type IIx

A

Produce very high force.
Fast contracting.
Low endurance.
Good for short, explosive actions requiring power, strength and speed.
Ex: 100m race.
Produces power for very short period of time.

PE (11 decks)

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