Musculo-Ske Flashcards by Andrea Marchena

Inability to abduct the arm 90°

deltoid muscle

Axillary Nerve

C5-C6

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Inability to supinate the forearm

Weak flexion of the forearm

Musculocutaneous Nerve

C5-c6

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Inability to oppose the thumb
Ape hand deformity
Loss of wrist flexion

Medial Nerve

c5-t1

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Innervation

Deltoid muscle
Teres minor muscle

Axillary Nerve

C5-C6

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Inability to extend the wrist

Wrist drop

Radial Nerve

c5-T1

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Claw hand deformity

Ulnar Nerve

C8-T1

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Inervacion Sensitiva de la enminencia thenar

Medial Nerve

c5-t1

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Inervacion Sensitiva de la enminencia hipo thenar

Ulnar Nerve

C8-T1

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decresed biceps deep tendon reflex, inability to flex and supinate the forearm, and loss of sensation over the lateral forearm

musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C7)

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inability to flex the wrist,loss of sensation first three digits and half of the fourth digit.

Medial Nerve

c5-t1

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innervates the supraspinatus muscle

-the first 15° of abduction of the arm.

suprascapular nerve

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Feared complications of scaphoid bone fractures

Avascular necrosis
Nonunion of the scaphoid
degenerative arthritis.

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injury should be suspected when anatomic snuffbox tenderness is present.
- fall on an outstretched hand

scaphoid bone fractures

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area bordered by the extensor pollicis longus, the extensor pollicis brevis, and the radial styloid.

anatomic snuffbox

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largest bone in the proximal carpal row

scaphoid bone

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Vascular watershed (scaphoid bone)

-Poor fracture healing environment
-High risk for malunion with appropriate intervention
(Blood supply:Dorsal carpal branch)

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Pain with axial load through thumb

Scaphoid compression test

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Patients with the I-pattern of blood supply in the lunate ->

are at the highest risk for AVN

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crescent-shaped carpal bone in the proximal carpal row

Lunate bone

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Preiser disease (no por trauma)
*vascular or endocrine diseases most frequently

AVN of the scaphoid

**showing sclerosis and fragmentation of the proximal pole of the scaphoid

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Ulnar claw

impaired extension of the fourth and fifth fingers

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injury to the distal ulnar nerve

impaired extension of the fourth and fifth fingers -> Ulnar claw

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injury to the distal ulnar nerve, which often occurs due to

fracture of the hook of the hamate

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ulnar nerve comprises ______ nerve fibers

C8-T1

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Injury to the proximal ulnar nerve due to->

Fracture of the medial epicondyle of the humerus (proximal injury)

the patient is able to make a fist (flex her fourth and fifth fingers) but is unable to extend them

The lesion in medial epicondyle of the humerus (proximal injury)

Loss of wrist extension (wrist drop)

midshaft fracture of the humerus | radial nerve injury

radial nerve injury

Loss of wrist extension (wrist drop)

Fracture of the supracondylar humerus

proximal median nerve injury

Fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus

damage to the axillary nerve

impaired abduction of the arm from 15°-100° | + decreased sensation over the deltoid, and deltoid atrophy

damage to the axillary nerve | -fractura del cuello qx del humero

Pope's blessing->

Inability to flex the first, second, and third fingers | Proximal Injury-Median Nerve

Supracondylar fracture of the humerus lesion

Proximal Injury-Median Nerve

Median claw->

Inability to extend the second and third fingers

Mechanism(s) Distal Injury - Median Nerve

- Wrist laceration | - Carpal tunnel syndrome

inability to adduct and abduct his fingers associated with loss of sensation in the little finger has an ulnar nerve injury

Ulnar Nerve (C8-T1) -medial epicondyle

Other causes of radial nerve injury include

compression of the axilla (eg, using crutches or sleeping with an arm over a chair) and repetitive pronation/supination of the forearm (eg, repeated screwdriver use).

Central venous catheters insertion

insert the needle at the midpoint of the inferior surface of the clavicle pointing the needle medially

internal jugular vein catheters insertion

lateral to the carotid artery needle toward the ipsilateral nipple **carotid artery pulsation and contralateral nipple location are landmarks for internal jugular vein

supraclavicular subclavian catheters insertion

insertion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle at the clavicle | *needle should be inserted lateral to the sternocleidomastoid

``` Sensory Receptors-> Dynamic/light Fine touch (fine details) of an object Position sense *Hairless skin* ```

Meissner Corpuscles

Dynamic/light Fine touch Position sense *Hairless skin*

Meissner Corpuscles-Myelination

Myelinated

``` Deep static touch-> Shapes/edges Position sense IN:Hair follicles Finger tips Superficial Skin ```

Merkel Disk

Merkel Disk-Myelination

Adapts slow | Myelinated

Pressure Vibration **Deep skin Joints Ligaments

Pacinian Corpuscles

Pacinian Corpuscles-> location

Deep skin Joints Ligaments

``` Pain Temperature IN: *Epidermis *Viscera ```

Free nerve endings

Sensory Receptors-> Myelination | Free nerve endings

Aδ - fast, myelinated | C - slow, unmyelinated

Pressure Slippage of objects along surface **Finger tips Joints

*Ruffini Corpuscles Adapts slow Dendritic endings with capsule

Peripheral Nerve Layers | 3

- Epineurium - Perineurium - Endoneurium

Blood-nerve barrier → permeability barrier Peri = around Rejoined in limb micro-surgery Surrounds fascicle of nerve fibers

Perineurium

Dense connective tissue Epi = outer Surrounds entire nerve, fascicles and blood vessels

Epineurium

Endo = inner | Surrounds individual myelinated nerve fibers

Endoneurium

↓ leg extension ↓ patellar reflex ↓ sensation on the anterior and lateral thigh

Femoral (L2-L4) | *Pelvic fracture

L2-L4

Femoral | Obturator

Weakness climbing stairs or rising from a seated position | ↓ hip extension

``` Inferior gluteal (L5-S2) *Posterior hip dislocation ```

↓ thigh adduction | ↓ sensation on the medial thigh

Obturator L2-L4 | *Pelvic surgery

↓ sensation in perineum and genital area | Fecal and/or urinary incontinence

Pudendal (S2-S4)

S2-S4

Pudendal | **Stretch injury during childbirth

Pain and parasthesia along the posterior leg | ↓ motor and sensory function in the ankle and foot

Sciatic L4-S3

L4-S3

1) Sciatic **Herniated disc Posterior hip dislocation 2)Tibial

↓ plantar flexion Inability to curl the toes Loss of ankle inversion → foot is everted at rest ↓ sensation on the sole of the foot

Tibial (L4-S3) *Baker cyst Knee trauma Tarsal tunnel syndrome

Involved Nerve Roots->Biceps and Brachioradialis Reflexes

C5-C6

Involved Nerve Roots->Triceps Reflex

C6-C7

Involved Nerve Roots->Cremasteric Reflex

L1-L2

Involved Nerve Roots->Patellar Reflex

L3-L4

Involved Nerve Roots->Achilles Reflex

s1-s2

Involved Nerve Roots->Anal Wink Reflex

S3-S4