EMBRYO-ASSO

Question 1

painless midline neck mass that moves superiorly with swallowing and tongue protrusion

Answer 1

• thyroglossal duct cyst

* *Failure of regression of thyroglossal duct following thyroid decent

Question 2

lateral neck masses anterior to the sternocleidomastoid

Answer 2

• Branchial cleft cysts

- failed fusion of the branchial arches

Question 3

Abnormal development of the third and fourth branchial

Answer 3

DiGeorge syndrome

• chromosome 22
• cardiac abnormalities, abnormal facies, thymic hypoplasia, cleft palate, and hypocalcemia.

Question 4

ectopic thyroid tissue

Answer 4

tongue

Question 5

Failure of the first branchial arch neural crest to migrate

Answer 5

Treacher Collins syndrome

-convex facial profile, shortened mandible, significant overbite, and conductive hearing loss

Question 6

Atrophy of caudate nucleus

Answer 6

Huntington Disease

Question 7

Lewy bodies: composed of α-synuclein

Answer 7

Parkinson Disease

Question 8

Senile plaques (β-amyloid plaques)
Neurofibrillary tangles (hyperphosphorylated tau protein)
Hirano bodies—intracellular eosinophilic proteinaceous rods in hippocampus

Answer 8

Alzheimer Disease

Question 9

• Frontotemporal lobe degeneration

- Inclusions of hyperphosphorylated tau (round Pick bodies) or ubiquitinated TDP-43

Answer 9

Frontotemporal

Dementia (Pick Disease)

Question 10

Intracellular Lewy bodies primarily in cortex

Answer 10

Lewy Body Dementia

Question 11

Spongiform cortex (vacuolization without inflammation)

Answer 11

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

Question 12

A inflamed tubular structure was visualized emanating from the distal ileum.

Answer 12

Meckel Diverticulum
-remanente del ducto onfalomensenterico
que conectaba en primitive gut con el yolk sac.

Question 13

Px con low penis development

Answer 13

underdeveloped Genital tubercle

Question 14

Genital tubercle (Male) Homologs:

Answer 14

• Corpus cavernosum
• Corpus spongiosum
• Glans penis

Question 15

Genital tubercle (Female) Homologs:

Answer 15

• Glans clitoris

- Vestibular bulbs

Question 16

Labioscrotal swelling (Male):

Answer 16

Scrotum

Question 17

Labioscrotal swelling (Female):

Answer 17

Labia majora

Question 18

Urogenital sinus (Male)

Answer 18

• Cowper gland

- Prostate

Question 19

Urogenital sinus (Female)

Answer 19

• Bartholin gland

- Skene gland

Question 20

Urogenital fold (male)

Answer 20

-Penile urethra

Question 21

Urogenital fold (female)

Answer 21

Labia minora

Question 22

Tanner Stages of Sexual Development (STAGE 1)

Female

Answer 22

Age < 8 years

Flat chest.Raised nipple

Question 23

Tanner Stages of Sexual Development (STAGE 1)

Male

Answer 23

No sexual hair

Question 24

Tanner Stages of Sexual Development (STAGE 2)

Male

Answer 24

~ 8-11.5 years
Pubarche
Testicular enlargement

Question 25

Tanner Stages of Sexual Development (STAGE 2) | Female

Answer 25

~ 8-11.5 years Pubarche Thelarche

Question 26

Tanner Stages of Sexual Development (STAGE 3) | Female

Answer 26

~ 11.5-13 years Breast enlarge Mound forms Coarsening of pubic hair

Question 27

Tanner Stages of Sexual Development (STAGE 3) | Male

Answer 27

Coarsening of pubic hair | Penis size/length ↑

Question 28

Tanner Stages of Sexual Development (STAGE 4) | Male

Answer 28

Coarse hair across pubis Spares thighs Penis width/glans ↑

Question 29

Tanner Stages of Sexual Development (STAGE 4) | Female

Answer 29

``` ~ 13-15 years Breasts enlarge Mound on mound Raised areola Coarse hair across pubis Spares thighs ```

Question 30

Tanner Stages of Sexual Development (STAGE 5) | Female

Answer 30

``` >15 years Adult breast contour Areola flattens Coarse hair across pubis Includes thighs ```

Question 31

Tanner Stages of Sexual Development (STAGE 5) | male

Answer 31

Adult size penis and testis Coarse hair across pubis Includes thighs

Question 32

1st branchial arch gives rise to

Answer 32

V3 | V2

Question 33

2nd branchial arch gives rise to

Answer 33

Facial Nerve

Question 34

3rd branchial arch gives rise to

Answer 34

glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

Question 35

6th branchial arch gives rise to

Answer 35

recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve (CN X)

Question 36

4th branchial arch gives rise to

Answer 36

the superior laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve, which is important for swallowing

Question 37

During normal fetal development, the chorion and amnion are formed

Answer 37

4 day chorion and amnion is formed by day 8.

Question 38

Early Fetal Development | Week 1

Answer 38

hCG secretion begins | Implantation of blastocyst

Question 39

Early Fetal Development | Week 2

Answer 39

-Bilaminar disc Epiblast Hypoblast

Question 40

Early Fetal Development | Week 3

Answer 40

``` -Epiblast invaginate Primitive streak Endoderm Mesoderm Ectoderm -Gastrulation Trilaminar disc -Notochord arises Midline mesoderm Overlying ectoderm forms neural plate ```

Question 41

Early Fetal Development | Week 4

Answer 41

Heart begins to beat | Limb buds begin to form

Question 42

Early Fetal Development | Week 6

Answer 42

Fetal cardiac activity visible on transvaginal ultrasoun

Question 43

Early Fetal Development | Week 8

Answer 43

Fetal movements begin

Question 44

Early Fetal Development | Week 10

Answer 44

Genitalia characteristics begin to form

Question 45

Ureteric bud fails to induce differentiation of the mesenteric mesenchyme that results in a nonfunctional kidney containing cysts and connective tissue

Answer 45

Multicystic Dysplastic | Kidney

Question 46

Complete absence of one kidney and ureter when the ureteric bud fails to develop

Answer 46

Unilateral Renal Agenesis