Muscular Tissue

Question 1

what are the three muscular tissues

Answer 1

• skeletal (voluntary)
• smooth (involuntary)
• cardiac(involuntary)

Question 2

what is a myoglobin

Answer 2

muscle protein that carries oxygen

Question 3

what is a myofilament

Answer 3

protein fiber in muscle cell

Question 4

what is a myosin

Answer 4

specific muscle protein

Question 5

what is the sarcoplasm

Answer 5

cytoplasm for muscle cell

Question 6

what is reference point for muscular tissue

Answer 6

skeletal muscle

Question 7

what is name of muscle cell

Answer 7

myofiber

Question 8

what is the sarcolemma

Answer 8

cell membrane of muscle cell

Question 9

what are general characteristics of muscle tissue

Answer 9

contains:
myofibers,
sarcolemma,
sarcoplasm (has all normal organelles),
sarcoplasmic reticulum, 
myofilaments

Question 10

what are to the two types of myofilaments

Answer 10

actin-thin filament

myosin-thick filament

Question 11

what are the mechanisms of muscle contraction

Answer 11

1. nerve impulse reaches muscle.
2. Signal is transmitted to the sarcolemma of the Myofiber.
3. Chemical signal causes Ca2+ stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum to be released.
4. Ca2+ ions enter the Myofiber’s sarcoplasm.
5. Increased Ca2+ ions activates bridge between Actin & Myosin.
6. Actin can now slide (be pulled) over the Myosin.

Question 12

what is the basic unit of myofiber

Answer 12

sarcomere

Question 13

what are characteristics of skeletal muscle tissue

Answer 13

• visible striations bc of high number of actin & myosin in parallel formation,
• under voluntary control of brain,
• multi-nucleated,
• all myofibers must have nerve connection to contract,

Question 14

what is atrophy

Answer 14

the degeneration or wasting away of muscle cells

Question 15

what is hypertrophy

Answer 15

enlargement due to increase in size of muscle cells

Question 16

what is hyperplasia

Answer 16

enlargement due to increase in number of muscle cell

Question 17

what are the types of muscular activity

Answer 17

• single event

- repetitive

Question 18

what are characteristics of smooth muscle tissue

Answer 18

• has actin & myosin.
• spindle shaped cells.
• one centrally located nucleus per cell.
• grouped in small clusters.
• separated by fine collagen & reticular CT.
• can stretch & maintain tension.
• under involuntary control.
• must have a nerve connection to contract.

Question 19

what is a gap junction

Answer 19

a specialized communication area between the cells

Question 20

what are characteristics of cardiac muscle

Answer 20

• found only in heart.
• has visible striations, simular to skeletal muscle.
• have intercalated disc.
• under involuntary control.
• self-activated contractions.

Question 21

what is an intercalated disc

Answer 21

cardiac tissue’s gap junction that allows signal for a contraction to pass from cell to cell without nerve connection