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Anatomy & Physiology 1 > Major Skeletal Muscles > Flashcards

Major Skeletal Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

what are the muscles of the head, face, & neck

A
  1. frontalis
  2. temporalis
  3. occipitalis
  4. buccinator
  5. platysma
  6. masseter
  7. sternocleidomastoid
  8. zygomaticus major
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2
Q

action of frontalis

A

raises eyebrows

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3
Q

action of occipitalis

A

is a synergist to the frontalis

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4
Q

action of temporalis

A

is a synergist to the masseter for mastication

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5
Q

what is the origin, insertion, action of the buccinator

A

origin: mandible & maxilla
insertion: angle of mouth
action: synergist to masseter for chewing, used for blowing air out

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6
Q

what is the origin, insertion, action of the platysma

A

origin: CT in upper chest
insertion: inferior edge of mandible
action: pulls angles of mouth down

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7
Q

what is the origin, insertion, action of the masseter

A

origin: inferior edge of zygomatic bone
insertion: mandible
action: prime mover for mastication

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8
Q

what are the synergist to the masseter

A
  1. temporalis

2. buccinator

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9
Q

what is the origin, insertion, action of the sternocleidomastoid

A

origin: sternum & clavicle
insertion: mastoid process
action: turns face laterally, pulls head down

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10
Q

action of the zygomaticus major

A

pulls corners of the mouth up

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11
Q

what do the muscles of the pectoral girdle move

A

scapula & clavicle

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12
Q

why is it important for the insertion of pectoral girdle muscles to be on the scapula & clavicle

A

because as the upper limbs move the pectoral girdle must move with it

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13
Q

what are the muscles of the pectoral girdle

A
  1. trapezius
  2. rhomboid
  3. levator scapulae
  4. serratus anterior
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14
Q

action of trapezius

A

rotates, raises/lowers scapula

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15
Q

action of rhomboid

A

retracts, elevates, & rotates scapula

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16
Q

what is the origin, insertion, action of the levator scapulae

A

origin: cervical vertebrae
insertion: superior medial edge of scapula
action: elevates scapula

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17
Q

action of serratus anterior

A

pulls scapula anteriorly & downward

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18
Q

Characteristics for muscles that move the arm

A
  1. are from shoulder joint to elbow joint
  2. insertion is on humerus
  3. movement around shoulder joint moves entire upper limb
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19
Q

what are the muscles that moves the arm

A
  1. pectoralis major
  2. latissimus dorsi
  3. deltoid
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20
Q

what is the action of the pectoralis major

A

flexes & adducts the arm

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21
Q

action of latissimus dorsi

A
  1. extends, adducts, & rotates arm
  2. pulls arms down & back
  3. used in rowing motion
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22
Q

what is the origin, insertion, action of the deltoid

A

origin: scapula & clavicle
insertion: humerus
action: abducts, extends, & flexes the arm

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23
Q

what are the 3 parts of the deltoid and their movement

A
  1. anterior- flexes
  2. middle- abducts
  3. posterior- extends
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24
Q

what are the muscles of the forearm

A
  1. biceps brachii
  2. brachialis
  3. brachioradialis
  4. triceps brachii
  5. supinator
  6. pronator teres
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25
Q

what is the origin, insertion, action of the biceps brachii

A

origin: 2 pts on scapula
insertion: radius
action: flexes & laterally rotates the forearm

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26
Q

action of the brachialis

A

is the synergist in flexion of the forearm to the biceps brachii

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27
Q

what is the origin, insertion, action of the brachioradialis

A

origin: distal humerus
insertion: distal radius
action: aids in flexion of the forearm

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28
Q

what are the synergist to the biceps brachii

A
  1. brachialis

2. brachioradialis

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29
Q

what is the origin, insertion, action of the triceps brachii

A

origin: 3 pts between scapula & humerus
insertion: olecranon process of ulna
action: extension of forearm

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30
Q

action of the supinator

A

laterally rotates forearm

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31
Q

action of the pronator teres

A

medially rotates forearm

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32
Q

clinical names for wrist, thumb, fingers

A

wrist: carpi
thumb: pollic
finger: digit

33
Q

what are the muscles of the hand

A
  1. flexor digitorium superficialis
  2. flexor pollicis longus
  3. flexor carpi radialis
  4. flexor carpi ulnaris
  5. extensor digitorium
  6. extensor pollicis longus
  7. extensor carpi radialis
  8. extensor carpi ulnaris
34
Q

what is the origin, insertion, action of the flexor digitorium superficialis

A

origin: distal humerus, proximal ulna & radius
insertion: tendons of the fingers #2-5
action: flexes fingers & hand

35
Q

what is the origin, insertion, action of the flexor pollicis longus

A

origin: anterior surface of radius
insertion: distal phalanx of thumb
action: flexes thumb

36
Q

action of flexor carpi radialis

A

flexes wrist & abducts hand

37
Q

action of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

flexes wrist & adducts hand

38
Q

what is the origin, insertion, & action of the extensor digitorum

A

origin: distal humerus
insertion: posterior surface of phalanges #2-5
action: extends fingers

39
Q

what is the origin, insertion, & action of the extensor pollicis longus

A

origin: middle of ulna
insertion: distal phalanx of thumb
action: extends thumb

40
Q

action of the extensor carpi radialis

A

extends wrist & abducts hand

41
Q

action of the extensor carpi ulnaris

A

extends wrist & adducts hand

42
Q

what are the muscles of the abdominal wall

A
  1. external oblique
  2. rectus abdominis
  3. linea alba
43
Q

where do muscles of the abdominal attach

A
  1. thoracic cage
  2. pelvic girdle
  3. connective tissue structures
44
Q

what are functions of the muscles of the abdominal wall

A
  1. tenses abdominal walls to support abdominal structures

2. flexes vertebral column

45
Q

what is the linea alba

A

band of CT that extends from xyphoid process to superior edge of symphysis pubis that serves as site of attachment for several abdominal muscles

46
Q

action of the external oblique

A

tenses abdominal walls

47
Q

origin, insertion, & action of rectus abdominis

A

origin: superior edge of pubis
insertion: xyphoid process & lower ribs
action: tenses abdominal walls, flexes vertebral column, has dense CT that runs transverse for support

48
Q

characteristics for muscles of that move hand

A
  1. includes wrist, palm, & fingers
  2. muscles insert on some structures within hand
  3. carpi = wrist
  4. pollic = thumb
  5. digit = fingers
49
Q

what are characteristics for muscles that move forearm

A
  1. brachii is Latin for arm
  2. most originate on arm & inserts on ulna or radius
  3. moves forearm around elbow joint
50
Q

where are the origins for the muscles of the pectoral girdle

A

medial & proximal to the muscles

51
Q

general characteristics for lower limb muscles

A
  1. muscles on the anterior surface cause extension
  2. muscles on the posterior surface cause flexion
  3. this is opposite for upper limbs
52
Q

characteristics for muscles that move the thigh

A
  1. are from hip joint to knee joint

2. most originate in the vertebral column &/or pelvis

53
Q

characteristics for muscles that move the leg

A
  1. are from the knee to the foot

2. most originate in the pelvis &/or femur

54
Q

characteristics for muscles that move the foot

A
  1. contains the ankle, instep, & toes

2. most originate in femur &/or tibia & fibula

55
Q

what are the muscles that move the thigh

A
  1. Psoas major
  2. gluteus maximus
  3. adductor group
  4. gracilis
56
Q

insertion and action of the psoas major

A
  1. inserts on the lesser trochanter of femur
  2. flexes thigh
  3. is landmark for lymph nodes that drain pelvis
57
Q

insertion of and action of gluteus maximus

A
  1. inserts on posterior surface of femur

2. extends thigh

58
Q

action of the adductor group

A

adducts & flexes thigh

59
Q

origin, insertions, & action of gracilis

A

origin: pubic bone
insertion: medial surface of tibia
action: adducts thigh & flexes leg at knee
>performs actions at 2 different joints<

60
Q

what are the muscles that move the leg

A
  1. hamstring group
  2. sartorius
  3. quadriceps group
61
Q

muscles of the hamstring group

A
  1. biceps femoralis
  2. semitendinosus
  3. semimembranosus
62
Q

origin, insertion, & action of biceps femoralis

A

origin: ischium & femur
insertion: head of fibula & lateral condyle of tibia
action: flexes & laterally rotates leg, extends thigh

63
Q

insertion & action of semitendinosus

A

insertion: medial surface of tibia
action: flexes & medially rotates leg, extends thigh

64
Q

insertion & action of semimembranosus

A

insertion: medial condyle of tibia
action: flexes & medially rotates leg, extends thigh

65
Q

origin, insertion, & action of sartorius

A

origin: anterior illium
insertion: medial surface of tibia
action: flexes leg & thigh, abducts & rotates thigh

66
Q

characteristics of sartorius

A
  1. crosses 2 joints
  2. flexes 2 structures
  3. longest muscle in body
67
Q

muscle in the rectus femoris

A
  1. vastus lateralis
  2. Vastus medialis
  3. Vastus intermedius
68
Q

origin of rectus femoris

A

Ilium, margin of acetabulum

69
Q

insertion & action of rectus femoris et al

A

insertion: anterior tibia by patellar tendon
action: extend leg

70
Q

what are the muscles that move the foot

A
  1. Tibialis anterior**
  2. Tibialis posterior
  3. Extensor digitorum longus**
  4. Flexor digitorum longus**
  5. Gastrocnemius**
  6. Soleus
  7. Fibularis longus
  8. Extensor hallucis longus**
71
Q

origin, insertion, & action of tibialis anterior

A

origin: lateral surface & condyle of tibia
insertion: tarsal bone & 1st metatarsal
action: dorsiflexion & inversion of the foot

72
Q

what is inversion

A

To turn the foot so the plantar surface faces medially

73
Q

origin, insertion, & action of extensor digitorum longus

A

origin: lateral condyle of tibia & fibula
insertion: phalanges 2-5
action: extends toes & dorsiflexion of the foot

74
Q

origin, insertion, & action of extensor hallucis longus

A

origin: fibula
insertion: phalanx of great toe
action: extends great toe

75
Q

origin, insertion, & action of Gastrocnemius

A

origin: Lateral & medial condyles of femur
insertion: Posterior surface of calcaneus by the Achilles tendon
action: prime mover for plantar flexion of the foot

76
Q

origin, insertion, & action of Flexor digitorum longus

A

origin: posterior tibia
insertion: phalanges of 2nd-5th digits
action: flexion of toes

77
Q

action of the Fibularis longus

A

eversion of the foot

78
Q

what is eversion

A

Turning the foot so the plantar surface is facing laterally

Anatomy & Physiology 1 (12 decks)

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