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Anatomy & Physiology 1 > Major Skeletal Muscles > Flashcards

Major Skeletal Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

what are the muscles of the head, face, & neck

A
  1. frontalis
  2. temporalis
  3. occipitalis
  4. buccinator
  5. platysma
  6. masseter
  7. sternocleidomastoid
  8. zygomaticus major
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2
Q

action of frontalis

A

raises eyebrows

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3
Q

action of occipitalis

A

is a synergist to the frontalis

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4
Q

action of temporalis

A

is a synergist to the masseter for mastication

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5
Q

what is the origin, insertion, action of the buccinator

A

origin: mandible & maxilla
insertion: angle of mouth
action: synergist to masseter for chewing, used for blowing air out

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6
Q

what is the origin, insertion, action of the platysma

A

origin: CT in upper chest
insertion: inferior edge of mandible
action: pulls angles of mouth down

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7
Q

what is the origin, insertion, action of the masseter

A

origin: inferior edge of zygomatic bone
insertion: mandible
action: prime mover for mastication

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8
Q

what are the synergist to the masseter

A
  1. temporalis

2. buccinator

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9
Q

what is the origin, insertion, action of the sternocleidomastoid

A

origin: sternum & clavicle
insertion: mastoid process
action: turns face laterally, pulls head down

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10
Q

action of the zygomaticus major

A

pulls corners of the mouth up

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11
Q

what do the muscles of the pectoral girdle move

A

scapula & clavicle

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12
Q

why is it important for the insertion of pectoral girdle muscles to be on the scapula & clavicle

A

because as the upper limbs move the pectoral girdle must move with it

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13
Q

what are the muscles of the pectoral girdle

A
  1. trapezius
  2. rhomboid
  3. levator scapulae
  4. serratus anterior
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14
Q

action of trapezius

A

rotates, raises/lowers scapula

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15
Q

action of rhomboid

A

retracts, elevates, & rotates scapula

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16
Q

what is the origin, insertion, action of the levator scapulae

A

origin: cervical vertebrae
insertion: superior medial edge of scapula
action: elevates scapula

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17
Q

action of serratus anterior

A

pulls scapula anteriorly & downward

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18
Q

Characteristics for muscles that move the arm

A
  1. are from shoulder joint to elbow joint
  2. insertion is on humerus
  3. movement around shoulder joint moves entire upper limb
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19
Q

what are the muscles that moves the arm

A
  1. pectoralis major
  2. latissimus dorsi
  3. deltoid
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20
Q

what is the action of the pectoralis major

A

flexes & adducts the arm

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21
Q

action of latissimus dorsi

A
  1. extends, adducts, & rotates arm
  2. pulls arms down & back
  3. used in rowing motion
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22
Q

what is the origin, insertion, action of the deltoid

A

origin: scapula & clavicle
insertion: humerus
action: abducts, extends, & flexes the arm

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23
Q

what are the 3 parts of the deltoid and their movement

A
  1. anterior- flexes
  2. middle- abducts
  3. posterior- extends
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24
Q

what are the muscles of the forearm

A
  1. biceps brachii
  2. brachialis
  3. brachioradialis
  4. triceps brachii
  5. supinator
  6. pronator teres
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25
what is the origin, insertion, action of the biceps brachii
origin: 2 pts on scapula insertion: radius action: flexes & laterally rotates the forearm
26
action of the brachialis
is the synergist in flexion of the forearm to the biceps brachii
27
what is the origin, insertion, action of the brachioradialis
origin: distal humerus insertion: distal radius action: aids in flexion of the forearm
28
what are the synergist to the biceps brachii
1. brachialis | 2. brachioradialis
29
what is the origin, insertion, action of the triceps brachii
origin: 3 pts between scapula & humerus insertion: olecranon process of ulna action: extension of forearm
30
action of the supinator
laterally rotates forearm
31
action of the pronator teres
medially rotates forearm
32
clinical names for wrist, thumb, fingers
wrist: carpi thumb: pollic finger: digit
33
what are the muscles of the hand
1. flexor digitorium superficialis 2. flexor pollicis longus 3. flexor carpi radialis 4. flexor carpi ulnaris 5. extensor digitorium 6. extensor pollicis longus 7. extensor carpi radialis 8. extensor carpi ulnaris
34
what is the origin, insertion, action of the flexor digitorium superficialis
origin: distal humerus, proximal ulna & radius insertion: tendons of the fingers #2-5 action: flexes fingers & hand
35
what is the origin, insertion, action of the flexor pollicis longus
origin: anterior surface of radius insertion: distal phalanx of thumb action: flexes thumb
36
action of flexor carpi radialis
flexes wrist & abducts hand
37
action of flexor carpi ulnaris
flexes wrist & adducts hand
38
what is the origin, insertion, & action of the extensor digitorum
origin: distal humerus insertion: posterior surface of phalanges #2-5 action: extends fingers
39
what is the origin, insertion, & action of the extensor pollicis longus
origin: middle of ulna insertion: distal phalanx of thumb action: extends thumb
40
action of the extensor carpi radialis
extends wrist & abducts hand
41
action of the extensor carpi ulnaris
extends wrist & adducts hand
42
what are the muscles of the abdominal wall
1. external oblique 2. rectus abdominis 3. linea alba
43
where do muscles of the abdominal attach
1. thoracic cage 2. pelvic girdle 3. connective tissue structures
44
what are functions of the muscles of the abdominal wall
1. tenses abdominal walls to support abdominal structures | 2. flexes vertebral column
45
what is the linea alba
band of CT that extends from xyphoid process to superior edge of symphysis pubis that serves as site of attachment for several abdominal muscles
46
action of the external oblique
tenses abdominal walls
47
origin, insertion, & action of rectus abdominis
origin: superior edge of pubis insertion: xyphoid process & lower ribs action: tenses abdominal walls, flexes vertebral column, has dense CT that runs transverse for support
48
characteristics for muscles of that move hand
1. includes wrist, palm, & fingers 2. muscles insert on some structures within hand 3. carpi = wrist 4. pollic = thumb 5. digit = fingers
49
what are characteristics for muscles that move forearm
1. brachii is Latin for arm 2. most originate on arm & inserts on ulna or radius 3. moves forearm around elbow joint
50
where are the origins for the muscles of the pectoral girdle
medial & proximal to the muscles
51
general characteristics for lower limb muscles
1. muscles on the anterior surface cause extension 2. muscles on the posterior surface cause flexion 3. this is opposite for upper limbs
52
characteristics for muscles that move the thigh
1. are from hip joint to knee joint | 2. most originate in the vertebral column &/or pelvis
53
characteristics for muscles that move the leg
1. are from the knee to the foot | 2. most originate in the pelvis &/or femur
54
characteristics for muscles that move the foot
1. contains the ankle, instep, & toes | 2. most originate in femur &/or tibia & fibula
55
what are the muscles that move the thigh
1. Psoas major 2. gluteus maximus 3. adductor group 4. gracilis
56
insertion and action of the psoas major
1. inserts on the lesser trochanter of femur 2. flexes thigh 3. is landmark for lymph nodes that drain pelvis
57
insertion of and action of gluteus maximus
1. inserts on posterior surface of femur | 2. extends thigh
58
action of the adductor group
adducts & flexes thigh
59
origin, insertions, & action of gracilis
origin: pubic bone insertion: medial surface of tibia action: adducts thigh & flexes leg at knee >performs actions at 2 different joints<
60
what are the muscles that move the leg
1. hamstring group 2. sartorius 3. quadriceps group
61
muscles of the hamstring group
1. biceps femoralis 2. semitendinosus 3. semimembranosus
62
origin, insertion, & action of biceps femoralis
origin: ischium & femur insertion: head of fibula & lateral condyle of tibia action: flexes & laterally rotates leg, extends thigh
63
insertion & action of semitendinosus
insertion: medial surface of tibia action: flexes & medially rotates leg, extends thigh
64
insertion & action of semimembranosus
insertion: medial condyle of tibia action: flexes & medially rotates leg, extends thigh
65
origin, insertion, & action of sartorius
origin: anterior illium insertion: medial surface of tibia action: flexes leg & thigh, abducts & rotates thigh
66
characteristics of sartorius
1. crosses 2 joints 2. flexes 2 structures 3. longest muscle in body
67
muscle in the rectus femoris
1. vastus lateralis 2. Vastus medialis 3. Vastus intermedius
68
origin of rectus femoris
Ilium, margin of acetabulum
69
insertion & action of rectus femoris et al
insertion: anterior tibia by patellar tendon action: extend leg
70
what are the muscles that move the foot
1. Tibialis anterior** 2. Tibialis posterior 3. Extensor digitorum longus** 4. Flexor digitorum longus** 5. Gastrocnemius** 6. Soleus 7. Fibularis longus 8. Extensor hallucis longus**
71
origin, insertion, & action of tibialis anterior
origin: lateral surface & condyle of tibia insertion: tarsal bone & 1st metatarsal action: dorsiflexion & inversion of the foot
72
what is inversion
To turn the foot so the plantar surface faces medially
73
origin, insertion, & action of extensor digitorum longus
origin: lateral condyle of tibia & fibula insertion: phalanges 2-5 action: extends toes & dorsiflexion of the foot
74
origin, insertion, & action of extensor hallucis longus
origin: fibula insertion: phalanx of great toe action: extends great toe
75
origin, insertion, & action of Gastrocnemius
origin: Lateral & medial condyles of femur insertion: Posterior surface of calcaneus by the Achilles tendon action: prime mover for plantar flexion of the foot
76
origin, insertion, & action of Flexor digitorum longus
origin: posterior tibia insertion: phalanges of 2nd-5th digits action: flexion of toes
77
action of the Fibularis longus
eversion of the foot
78
what is eversion
Turning the foot so the plantar surface is facing laterally

Anatomy & Physiology 1 (12 decks)

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