Major Skeletal Muscles Flashcards
what are the muscles of the head, face, & neck
- frontalis
- temporalis
- occipitalis
- buccinator
- platysma
- masseter
- sternocleidomastoid
- zygomaticus major
action of frontalis
raises eyebrows
action of occipitalis
is a synergist to the frontalis
action of temporalis
is a synergist to the masseter for mastication
what is the origin, insertion, action of the buccinator
origin: mandible & maxilla
insertion: angle of mouth
action: synergist to masseter for chewing, used for blowing air out
what is the origin, insertion, action of the platysma
origin: CT in upper chest
insertion: inferior edge of mandible
action: pulls angles of mouth down
what is the origin, insertion, action of the masseter
origin: inferior edge of zygomatic bone
insertion: mandible
action: prime mover for mastication
what are the synergist to the masseter
- temporalis
2. buccinator
what is the origin, insertion, action of the sternocleidomastoid
origin: sternum & clavicle
insertion: mastoid process
action: turns face laterally, pulls head down
action of the zygomaticus major
pulls corners of the mouth up
what do the muscles of the pectoral girdle move
scapula & clavicle
why is it important for the insertion of pectoral girdle muscles to be on the scapula & clavicle
because as the upper limbs move the pectoral girdle must move with it
what are the muscles of the pectoral girdle
- trapezius
- rhomboid
- levator scapulae
- serratus anterior
action of trapezius
rotates, raises/lowers scapula
action of rhomboid
retracts, elevates, & rotates scapula
what is the origin, insertion, action of the levator scapulae
origin: cervical vertebrae
insertion: superior medial edge of scapula
action: elevates scapula
action of serratus anterior
pulls scapula anteriorly & downward
Characteristics for muscles that move the arm
- are from shoulder joint to elbow joint
- insertion is on humerus
- movement around shoulder joint moves entire upper limb
what are the muscles that moves the arm
- pectoralis major
- latissimus dorsi
- deltoid
what is the action of the pectoralis major
flexes & adducts the arm
action of latissimus dorsi
- extends, adducts, & rotates arm
- pulls arms down & back
- used in rowing motion
what is the origin, insertion, action of the deltoid
origin: scapula & clavicle
insertion: humerus
action: abducts, extends, & flexes the arm
what are the 3 parts of the deltoid and their movement
- anterior- flexes
- middle- abducts
- posterior- extends
what are the muscles of the forearm
- biceps brachii
- brachialis
- brachioradialis
- triceps brachii
- supinator
- pronator teres
what is the origin, insertion, action of the biceps brachii
origin: 2 pts on scapula
insertion: radius
action: flexes & laterally rotates the forearm
action of the brachialis
is the synergist in flexion of the forearm to the biceps brachii
what is the origin, insertion, action of the brachioradialis
origin: distal humerus
insertion: distal radius
action: aids in flexion of the forearm
what are the synergist to the biceps brachii
- brachialis
2. brachioradialis
what is the origin, insertion, action of the triceps brachii
origin: 3 pts between scapula & humerus
insertion: olecranon process of ulna
action: extension of forearm
action of the supinator
laterally rotates forearm
action of the pronator teres
medially rotates forearm
clinical names for wrist, thumb, fingers
wrist: carpi
thumb: pollic
finger: digit
what are the muscles of the hand
- flexor digitorium superficialis
- flexor pollicis longus
- flexor carpi radialis
- flexor carpi ulnaris
- extensor digitorium
- extensor pollicis longus
- extensor carpi radialis
- extensor carpi ulnaris
what is the origin, insertion, action of the flexor digitorium superficialis
origin: distal humerus, proximal ulna & radius
insertion: tendons of the fingers #2-5
action: flexes fingers & hand
what is the origin, insertion, action of the flexor pollicis longus
origin: anterior surface of radius
insertion: distal phalanx of thumb
action: flexes thumb
action of flexor carpi radialis
flexes wrist & abducts hand
action of flexor carpi ulnaris
flexes wrist & adducts hand
what is the origin, insertion, & action of the extensor digitorum
origin: distal humerus
insertion: posterior surface of phalanges #2-5
action: extends fingers
what is the origin, insertion, & action of the extensor pollicis longus
origin: middle of ulna
insertion: distal phalanx of thumb
action: extends thumb
action of the extensor carpi radialis
extends wrist & abducts hand
action of the extensor carpi ulnaris
extends wrist & adducts hand
what are the muscles of the abdominal wall
- external oblique
- rectus abdominis
- linea alba
where do muscles of the abdominal attach
- thoracic cage
- pelvic girdle
- connective tissue structures
what are functions of the muscles of the abdominal wall
- tenses abdominal walls to support abdominal structures
2. flexes vertebral column
what is the linea alba
band of CT that extends from xyphoid process to superior edge of symphysis pubis that serves as site of attachment for several abdominal muscles
action of the external oblique
tenses abdominal walls
origin, insertion, & action of rectus abdominis
origin: superior edge of pubis
insertion: xyphoid process & lower ribs
action: tenses abdominal walls, flexes vertebral column, has dense CT that runs transverse for support
characteristics for muscles of that move hand
- includes wrist, palm, & fingers
- muscles insert on some structures within hand
- carpi = wrist
- pollic = thumb
- digit = fingers
what are characteristics for muscles that move forearm
- brachii is Latin for arm
- most originate on arm & inserts on ulna or radius
- moves forearm around elbow joint
where are the origins for the muscles of the pectoral girdle
medial & proximal to the muscles
general characteristics for lower limb muscles
- muscles on the anterior surface cause extension
- muscles on the posterior surface cause flexion
- this is opposite for upper limbs
characteristics for muscles that move the thigh
- are from hip joint to knee joint
2. most originate in the vertebral column &/or pelvis
characteristics for muscles that move the leg
- are from the knee to the foot
2. most originate in the pelvis &/or femur
characteristics for muscles that move the foot
- contains the ankle, instep, & toes
2. most originate in femur &/or tibia & fibula
what are the muscles that move the thigh
- Psoas major
- gluteus maximus
- adductor group
- gracilis
insertion and action of the psoas major
- inserts on the lesser trochanter of femur
- flexes thigh
- is landmark for lymph nodes that drain pelvis
insertion of and action of gluteus maximus
- inserts on posterior surface of femur
2. extends thigh
action of the adductor group
adducts & flexes thigh
origin, insertions, & action of gracilis
origin: pubic bone
insertion: medial surface of tibia
action: adducts thigh & flexes leg at knee
>performs actions at 2 different joints<
what are the muscles that move the leg
- hamstring group
- sartorius
- quadriceps group
muscles of the hamstring group
- biceps femoralis
- semitendinosus
- semimembranosus
origin, insertion, & action of biceps femoralis
origin: ischium & femur
insertion: head of fibula & lateral condyle of tibia
action: flexes & laterally rotates leg, extends thigh
insertion & action of semitendinosus
insertion: medial surface of tibia
action: flexes & medially rotates leg, extends thigh
insertion & action of semimembranosus
insertion: medial condyle of tibia
action: flexes & medially rotates leg, extends thigh
origin, insertion, & action of sartorius
origin: anterior illium
insertion: medial surface of tibia
action: flexes leg & thigh, abducts & rotates thigh
characteristics of sartorius
- crosses 2 joints
- flexes 2 structures
- longest muscle in body
muscle in the rectus femoris
- vastus lateralis
- Vastus medialis
- Vastus intermedius
origin of rectus femoris
Ilium, margin of acetabulum
insertion & action of rectus femoris et al
insertion: anterior tibia by patellar tendon
action: extend leg
what are the muscles that move the foot
- Tibialis anterior**
- Tibialis posterior
- Extensor digitorum longus**
- Flexor digitorum longus**
- Gastrocnemius**
- Soleus
- Fibularis longus
- Extensor hallucis longus**
origin, insertion, & action of tibialis anterior
origin: lateral surface & condyle of tibia
insertion: tarsal bone & 1st metatarsal
action: dorsiflexion & inversion of the foot
what is inversion
To turn the foot so the plantar surface faces medially
origin, insertion, & action of extensor digitorum longus
origin: lateral condyle of tibia & fibula
insertion: phalanges 2-5
action: extends toes & dorsiflexion of the foot
origin, insertion, & action of extensor hallucis longus
origin: fibula
insertion: phalanx of great toe
action: extends great toe
origin, insertion, & action of Gastrocnemius
origin: Lateral & medial condyles of femur
insertion: Posterior surface of calcaneus by the Achilles tendon
action: prime mover for plantar flexion of the foot
origin, insertion, & action of Flexor digitorum longus
origin: posterior tibia
insertion: phalanges of 2nd-5th digits
action: flexion of toes
action of the Fibularis longus
eversion of the foot
what is eversion
Turning the foot so the plantar surface is facing laterally