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Anatomy & Physiology 1 > Appendicular Skeleton > Flashcards

Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

what are the regions of the appendicular skeleton

A
  1. pectoral girdle
  2. upper limbs
  3. pelvic girdle
  4. lower limbs
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2
Q

what are the bones of the pectoral girdle

A
  1. 2 clavicle

2. 2 scapula

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3
Q

what are the bones of the upper limb

A
  1. humerus
  2. ulna
  3. radius
  4. 8 carpals
  5. 5 metacarpals
  6. 14 phalanges
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4
Q

what are the bones of the pelvic girdle

A
  1. 2 illium
  2. 2 ischium
  3. 2 pubis
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5
Q

what are the bones of the lower limb

A
  1. femur
  2. tibia
  3. fibula
  4. patella
  5. 7 tarsals
  6. 5 metatarsals
  7. 14 phalanges
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6
Q

what are the characteristics of the clavicle

A
  1. runs horizontally from shoulder to sternum
  2. the medial sternum end articulates to manubrium at clavicular notch
  3. the lateral acromial end articulates to scapula at acromion process
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7
Q

what are the functions of the clavicle

A
  1. braces the freely movable scapula

2. landmark for access to underlying blood vessel subclavian vein

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8
Q

what are the characteristics of the scapula

A
  1. allows for great range of motion of upper limbs
  2. concave anterior portion lies along outer, posterior surface of the thoracic cage
  3. no articulation between scapula & axial skeleton
  4. acromion process articulates with the clavicle
  5. glenoid fossa articulates with head of humerus
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9
Q

what is the term for one half of the pelvic bone

A

coxal bone

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10
Q

what is the illium

A
  1. superior portion of the coxal bone

2. largest bone of the pelvis

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11
Q

what structures are found on the illium

A
  1. illiac crest- hip bone
  2. anterior superior spine- attachment for the inguinal ligament
  3. forms large joint called sacroilliac joint
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12
Q

what is the ischium

A

inferior L-shape portion of the coxal bone

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13
Q

what structures are found on the ischium

A
  1. ischial tuberosity- “butt bone”

2. ischial spine- used to determine pelvic outlet in childbirth

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14
Q

what is the pubis

A

the anterior portion of the coxal bone

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15
Q

what structures are found on the pubis

A
  1. Lt & Rt pubis form the symphysis pubis thats connected by fibro-cartilage at joint
  2. angle posterior to symphysis pubis is called pubic arch
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16
Q

what is the acetabulum

A
  1. cup-like structure on lateral side of coxal bone
  2. lined by hyaline cartilage
  3. socket of hip joint where head of femur fits
17
Q

what bone is found in the arm

A

humerus

18
Q

what are the bones of the forearm

A
  1. ulna

2. radius

19
Q

what are the bones of the hand

A
  1. carpals
  2. metacarpals
  3. phalanges
20
Q

what bones are found in the thigh

A
  1. femur

2. patella

21
Q

what bones are in the leg

A
  1. fibula

2. tibia

22
Q

what bones are in the foot

A
  1. tarsals
  2. metatarsals
  3. phalanges
23
Q

what is the largest bone in the body

A

femur

24
Q

what are the characteristics of the proximal end of the femur

A
  1. head of proximal end forms hip joint with pelvis
  2. neck is narrowed area just distal to the head, most common site for hip fractures
  3. contains the greater trochanter
25
Q

what are characteristics of the distal end of the femur

A
  1. site of medial and lateral condyles

2. site of medial & lateral epicondyle

26
Q

what is the function for the condyles of the femur

A

articulation site for the tibia of the leg

27
Q

what is the foot composed of

A
  1. ankle
  2. instep
  3. toes
28
Q

what is the talus

A
  1. only tarsal bone that moves freely

2. articulates with tibia & fibula to form ankle

29
Q

what are the characteristics of the calcaneus

A
  1. is firmly bound to the remaining 5 tarsal bones
  2. supports the talus
  3. is the largest tarsal bone
  4. forms the heel
  5. acts as a fulcrum lever to generate more power to the foot
30
Q

what are the characteristics of the instep

A
  1. 1st metatarsal articulates with the Great toe
  2. 1st metatarsal usually has a sesamoid bone at the distal end for increased power
  3. distal end of instep forms ball of the foot
  4. bound by ligaments to the tarsal bones to form arch of the foot
31
Q

what are the toes

A
  1. the phalanges of the foot
  2. 1st digit is called great toe & consist of two bones
  3. 2nd & 5th digits consist of 3 bones each

Anatomy & Physiology 1 (12 decks)

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