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Anatomy & Physiology 1 > Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

what are the bones of the skull?

A 
1 Ethmoid bone
1 Frontal bone
1 Occipital bone
2 Parietal bones
1 Sphenoid bone
2 Temporal bones
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2
Q

What are the bones of the vertebral column?

A 
7 Cervical vertebrae 
12 Thoracic vertebrae
5 Lumbar vertebrae
5 Sacral vertebrae (fused as 1)
4 Coccygeal vertebrae (fused as 1)
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3
Q

What bone is located in the throat?

A

The hyoid bone

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4
Q

What are the bones of the thoracic cage?

A

12 bilateral ribs (24)

1 sternum

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5
Q

what are the characteristics of the ribs

A
  1. all posterior ends articulate with the vertebral column
  2. 1st 7 pair anterior ends articulate directly to sternum called true ribs
  3. last 5 pair anterior ends do not articulate with sternum called false ribs
  4. ribs 8-10 articulate with anterior cartilage of rib 7
  5. 11 & 12 has no anterior cartilage called floating ribs
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6
Q

what are the parts of the sternum

A
  1. manubrium
  2. body of sternum
  3. xyphoid process
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7
Q

characteristics of manubrium

A
  1. superior portion of sternum
  2. articulates with the clavicles
  3. articulates with the 1st rib
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8
Q

characteristics of the body of the sternum

A
  1. is the middle portion of the sternum

2. articulates with ribs 2-7

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9
Q

characteristics of the xyphoid process

A
  1. is the inferior end of sternum
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10
Q

what are the costal cartilage

A

is the hyaline cartilage of the anterior ends of the ribs that forms joints with the sternum

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11
Q

what is the frontal bone

A
  1. Anterior portion of the cranium

2. Forms: Forehead, Roof of the nasal cavity, Roof of the orbits of the eye

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12
Q

what is the occipital bone

A
  1. Posterior portion & Base of the cranium
  2. Articulates with the C1/atlas of the Spinal column
  3. Contains: Foramen Magnum, the opening for the Spinal Cord
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13
Q

what are the parietal bones

A

the lateral side & roof of the cranium

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14
Q

what are the temporal bones

A

part of the sides & base of cranium

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15
Q

what structures are contained in the temporal bones

A
  1. External Acoustic Meatus (opening for the ear)
  2. Mandibular fossa (forms the joint with the Mandible)
  3. Mastoid process (attachment point for neck muscles)
  4. Internal Ear structures
  5. Canal for the Major Artery to the Brain
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16
Q

what is the maxilla

A
  1. Roof of the mouth (hard palate)
  2. Floors of the orbits of the eyes
  3. Sides and Floors of the Nasal cavity
  4. Sockets for the upper teeth
17
Q

what is the zygomatic bone

A

Lateral walls & floors of the orbits of the eyes

18
Q

what is the nasal bone

A
  1. bone Fused at the Mid-line
  2. Forms the Bridge of the Nose
  3. Site of attachment for the Hyaline cartilage that forms the shape of the Nose
19
Q

what is the mandible

A
  1. Horseshoe-shaped bone with flat Ramus at each end
  2. Ramus points superior
  3. Divides into: anterior Coronoid process & posterior Mandibular condyle
  4. Also contains the sockets for the lower teeth
20
Q

what is the hyoid bone

A
  1. bone located anterior to neck
  2. only bone that does’t articulate to another bone
  3. fixed into position by ligaments & tendons
  4. attached to thyroid cartilage (adam’s apple)
  5. functions: support tongue, helps tongue when swallowing & speaking
21
Q

what are regions of vertebral column

A
  1. Cervical: C1-C7
  2. Thoracic: T1-T12
  3. Lumbar: L1-L5
  4. Sacral: 5 fused as 1
  5. Coccygeal: 4 fused as 1
22
Q

what are the alternate names for C1 & C2, plus their importance

A
  1. C1 called atlas
  2. C2 called axis
  3. they allow the head to pivot side to side & bend anteriorly & posteriorly
23
Q

what are the primary curvatures

A

thoracic and sacral

24
Q

what are the lesser curvatures

A

cervical and lumbar

25
Q

what is the function of the primary curvature

A

Expands the Thoracic & Pelvic cavities to accommodate the organs in each

26
Q

what are the characteristics of the lesser curvature

A
  1. In line with the body’s axis
  2. Only a small amount of curvature present
  3. Displacement of the vertebrae in these regions can result in a number of abnormal conditions
27
Q

what happens when there is inflammation in the costal cartilage

A

can cause severe pain that’s often mistaken for myocardial infarction (heart attack)

28
Q

what are the bones of the face

A
  1. 2 Inferior Nasal Conchae
  2. 2 Lacrimal bones
  3. 2 Palatine bones
  4. 1 Vomer
  5. 2 Nasal bones
  6. 1 Mandible
  7. 2 Maxillae
  8. 2 Zygomatic bones

Anatomy & Physiology 1 (12 decks)

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