Axial Skeleton Flashcards
what are the bones of the skull?
1 Ethmoid bone 1 Frontal bone 1 Occipital bone 2 Parietal bones 1 Sphenoid bone 2 Temporal bones
What are the bones of the vertebral column?
7 Cervical vertebrae 12 Thoracic vertebrae 5 Lumbar vertebrae 5 Sacral vertebrae (fused as 1) 4 Coccygeal vertebrae (fused as 1)
What bone is located in the throat?
The hyoid bone
What are the bones of the thoracic cage?
12 bilateral ribs (24)
1 sternum
what are the characteristics of the ribs
- all posterior ends articulate with the vertebral column
- 1st 7 pair anterior ends articulate directly to sternum called true ribs
- last 5 pair anterior ends do not articulate with sternum called false ribs
- ribs 8-10 articulate with anterior cartilage of rib 7
- 11 & 12 has no anterior cartilage called floating ribs
what are the parts of the sternum
- manubrium
- body of sternum
- xyphoid process
characteristics of manubrium
- superior portion of sternum
- articulates with the clavicles
- articulates with the 1st rib
characteristics of the body of the sternum
- is the middle portion of the sternum
2. articulates with ribs 2-7
characteristics of the xyphoid process
- is the inferior end of sternum
what are the costal cartilage
is the hyaline cartilage of the anterior ends of the ribs that forms joints with the sternum
what is the frontal bone
- Anterior portion of the cranium
2. Forms: Forehead, Roof of the nasal cavity, Roof of the orbits of the eye
what is the occipital bone
- Posterior portion & Base of the cranium
- Articulates with the C1/atlas of the Spinal column
- Contains: Foramen Magnum, the opening for the Spinal Cord
what are the parietal bones
the lateral side & roof of the cranium
what are the temporal bones
part of the sides & base of cranium
what structures are contained in the temporal bones
- External Acoustic Meatus (opening for the ear)
- Mandibular fossa (forms the joint with the Mandible)
- Mastoid process (attachment point for neck muscles)
- Internal Ear structures
- Canal for the Major Artery to the Brain
what is the maxilla
- Roof of the mouth (hard palate)
- Floors of the orbits of the eyes
- Sides and Floors of the Nasal cavity
- Sockets for the upper teeth
what is the zygomatic bone
Lateral walls & floors of the orbits of the eyes
what is the nasal bone
- bone Fused at the Mid-line
- Forms the Bridge of the Nose
- Site of attachment for the Hyaline cartilage that forms the shape of the Nose
what is the mandible
- Horseshoe-shaped bone with flat Ramus at each end
- Ramus points superior
- Divides into: anterior Coronoid process & posterior Mandibular condyle
- Also contains the sockets for the lower teeth
what is the hyoid bone
- bone located anterior to neck
- only bone that does’t articulate to another bone
- fixed into position by ligaments & tendons
- attached to thyroid cartilage (adam’s apple)
- functions: support tongue, helps tongue when swallowing & speaking
what are regions of vertebral column
- Cervical: C1-C7
- Thoracic: T1-T12
- Lumbar: L1-L5
- Sacral: 5 fused as 1
- Coccygeal: 4 fused as 1
what are the alternate names for C1 & C2, plus their importance
- C1 called atlas
- C2 called axis
- they allow the head to pivot side to side & bend anteriorly & posteriorly
what are the primary curvatures
thoracic and sacral
what are the lesser curvatures
cervical and lumbar
what is the function of the primary curvature
Expands the Thoracic & Pelvic cavities to accommodate the organs in each
what are the characteristics of the lesser curvature
- In line with the body’s axis
- Only a small amount of curvature present
- Displacement of the vertebrae in these regions can result in a number of abnormal conditions
what happens when there is inflammation in the costal cartilage
can cause severe pain that’s often mistaken for myocardial infarction (heart attack)
what are the bones of the face
- 2 Inferior Nasal Conchae
- 2 Lacrimal bones
- 2 Palatine bones
- 1 Vomer
- 2 Nasal bones
- 1 Mandible
- 2 Maxillae
- 2 Zygomatic bones