MUSCULAR SYSTEM - Muscle Groups and Actions Flashcards
Facial Expression Muscles and Their Functions
Occipitofrontalis – Moves scalp and forehead.
Orbicularis oculi – Shuts the eye.
Zygomaticus major/minor – Elevates cheeks (smiling).
Buccinator – Assists in whistling.
Platysma – Assists in pouting.
Mastication Muscles (Chewing)
Temporalis – Elevates the mandible.
Masseter – Powerful jaw closure.
Pterygoids (lateral & medial) – Assist in grinding movement.
Extrinsic Tongue Muscles
Genioglossus – Protraction.
Styloglossus – Retraction.
Hyoglossus – Depression.
Palatoglossus – Elevation.
Respiratory Muscles
Diaphragm – Inhalation.
External intercostals – Inhalation.
Internal intercostals – Exhalation.
Neck & Spine Muscles
Sternocleidomastoid – Flexion and lateral flexion of the neck.
Erector spinae – Extension of the back.
Shoulder & Rotator Cuff Muscles
Deltoid – Shoulder abduction.
Supraspinatus – Shoulder stabilization.
Infraspinatus – Lateral rotation.
Subscapularis – Medial rotation.
Elbow & Forearm Muscles
Biceps brachii – Elbow flexion and supination.
Triceps brachii – Elbow extension.
Pronator teres – Forearm pronation.
Wrist & Hand Muscles
Flexor carpi radialis/ulnaris – Wrist flexion.
Extensor carpi radialis/ulnaris – Wrist extension.
Abductor pollicis longus – Thumb abduction.
Abdominal Muscles
Rectus abdominis – Flexes trunk.
Obliques – Rotate and flex trunk.
Hip Muscles
Psoas & Iliacus – Hip flexion.
Gluteus maximus – Hip extension.
Gluteus medius & minimus – Hip abduction.
Knee Muscles
Quadriceps femoris – Knee extension.
Hamstrings – Knee flexion.
Foot & Ankle Muscles
Gastrocnemius/Soleus - Plantarflexion.
Tibialis anterior – Dorsiflexion.
Fibularis longus/brevis – Eversion
