ENDOCRINE SYSTEM - Adrenal Glands & Stress Response Flashcards
1
Q
What are the two parts of the adrenal gland?
A
Adrenal cortex: Produces steroids (aldosterone, cortisol, androgens).
Adrenal medulla: Produces epinephrine & norepinephrine.
2
Q
What does aldosterone do?
A
Regulates water and Na⁺ balance.
3
Q
What does cortisol do?
A
Increases blood sugar, breaks down proteins/fats, anti-inflammatory.
4
Q
What does epinephrine (adrenaline) do?
A
Increases HR, BP, breathing rate, and glucose.
5
Q
What is Addison’s disease?
A
Adrenal cortex underactivity → Fatigue, low BP, muscle weakness.
6
Q
What is Cushing’s disease?
A
Adrenal cortex overactivity → High blood sugar, obesity, moon face, buffalo hump.
