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Anatomy > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

Muscular System Overview

A
  • Refers to skeletal muscular system
  • Primarily attached to bone
  • Produce movement by contracting (byproduct - heat)
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2
Q

Skeletal Muscle General Information

A
  • Cells called fibers
  • Fascicles = group of fibers (bundle)
  • Whole muscle = group of fascicles
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3
Q

CT Components of Skeletal Muscle

A

1) Fascia

2) Tendons and Aponeuroses

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4
Q

Fascia

A
  • CT components of skeletal muscle
  • =CT
    1) Epimysium - surrounds entire muscle
    2) Perimysium - surrounds fascicles
    3) Endomysium - surrounds each muscle fiber
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5
Q

Tendons and Aponeuroses

A
  • CT components of skeletal muscle
  • extensions of Epi-, peri-, and endomysium
  • Anchors to bone (periosteum), cartilage, skin, or fascia
  • Tendon = rope-like ( Achilles Tendon)
  • Aponeurosis = sheet- like (Epicranial Aponeurosis)
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6
Q

Skeletal Muscle Fiber Structure

A
  • Large multinucleate cells
  • Parts:
    1) Sarcolemma
    2) Sarcoplasm
    3) Myofibrils
    4) T- tubules
    5) Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
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7
Q

Sacrolemma

A
  • Fiber structure

- Cell membrane of a muscle cell

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8
Q

Sarcoplasm

A
  • Fiber structure

- Cytoplasm

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9
Q

Myofibrils (intercellular structures)

A
  • within each fibre there are several hundreds to thousands
  • Composed of sarcomeres (they’re little sections)
  • sarcomere made of 2 types of myofilaments
    1) Thin Filaments
    2) Thick Filaments
  • the myofilaments create dark and light bands (striations) of the sarcomere (banding pattern in other slides)
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10
Q

Thin Filaments

A
  • Composed of:
    1) Actin
    2) Tropomyosin
    3) Troponin - regulate contraction (regulatory proteins)
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11
Q

Thick Filaments

A
  • Composed of:
    1) myosin - functions in contraction
  • Attached to Z discs by Titin
  • Has rod-like tail with 2 globular heads - head extends toward actin and attaches to it forming a crossbridge
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12
Q

A Band

A
  • Banding pattern

- dark = length of thick filament - myosin and actin (with troponin and tropomyosin)

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13
Q

H Zone

A
  • Banding pattern

- lighter band at center of A Band - myosin ONLY

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14
Q

I Band

A
  • Banding Pattern

- light = actin (with troponin and tropomyosin) and titin

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15
Q

Z Discs

A
  • Banding pattern
  • Center of I band
  • actin and titin attach
  • Connect sarcomeres: between 2 Z- discs = 1 sarcomere
  • Sarcomeres join end to end (at Z-discs) to form Myofibrils
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16
Q

M Line

A
  • Banding pattern

- Where myosin tails (thick myofilament) attach to each other (Center of sarcomere)

17
Q

T- tubules

A
  • Fiber structure
  • Continuations of sarcolemma that extend deep into Fiber (cell)
  • Directly encircle myofilaments of Myofibrils at junction of A and I bands (2/sarcomere)
18
Q

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

A
  • Fiber structure
  • = smooth ER
  • triad= 2 enlarged areas of SR (terminal cisternae) and T-tubule
19
Q

How muscles produce movement (overview)

A

1) Pulling on bones when they contract
2) Using group action
3) lever systems

20
Q

Pulling in bones when they contract

A

1) Origin = attachment of tendon to stationary bone

2) Insertion = attachment of tendon to movable bone

21
Q

Using Group Action

A

1) Agonist = major muscle producing the movement
2) Synergists = help the agonist action and prevent undesirable motions caused by the agonist
3) Anagonist = produces opposite action of agonist (contraction inhibited when agonist contracts)

22
Q

Lever Systems

A
  • Bone/muscle interaction at a joint
  • Parts:
    1) Levers = bone
    2) Fulcrum = joint
  • Effort = contraction of agonist
  • Resistance = opposes movement
  • Effort must be greater than resistance to get movement
  • Examples: Flexion of Forearm and Extension of forearm
23
Q

Naming of Skeletal Muscles

A

1) Action they perform (in anatomical position)
2) Shape of muscle
3) Origin and Insertion
4) Location
5) Relative Size
6) Direction of Fibers
7) Number of origins

24
Q

Flexors

A
  • Decrease angle between 2 bones

- Biceps Brachii

25
Q

Extensors

A
  • Increase angle (back to anatomical position after flexion)

- Triceps Brachii

26
Q

Abductors

A

Move limb away from midline

27
Q

Adductors

A

Move limb toward midline

28
Q

Shape of Muscle

A

Example 1: Deltoid - triangular shape

Example 2: Trapezius - Trapezoid Shape

29
Q

Origin and insertion

A 
Example: Sternocleidomastoid
-Origin:
Sterno = sternum
Cleido = clavicle
-Insertion:
Mastoid = mastoid process of temporal bone
30
Q

Location

A

Tibialis Anterior

31
Q

Relative Size

A

Example: Gluteus

  • Maximus
  • Medius
  • Minimus
32
Q

Direction of Fibers

A

Example 1: Rectus Abdominis (rectus = straight ||)

Example 2: External Obliques \ or //

33
Q

Number of Origins

A

Example 1: Biceps Brachii- 2 origins on scapula
Example 2: Triceps Brachii - 3 origins on scapula and humerus
Example 3: Quadriceps Femoris - 4 origins on os coxa and femur

Anatomy (16 decks)

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