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Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

Continuous with tendon which is attached to bone

A

Epimysium

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2
Q

Origin

A

Proximal attachment

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3
Q

Insertion

A

Distal attachment

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4
Q

Bundles of muscle fibers

A

Fasiculi

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5
Q

Connective tissue around fasiculi

A

Perimysium

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6
Q

Connective tissue around each fiber. Continuous with sarcolemma

A

Endomysium

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7
Q

Junction between motor neuron and muscle fibers it innervates

A

NMJ

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8
Q

Each cell has this many NMJ, but

A

One, single motor neuron can innervate many fibers

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9
Q

Motor neuron and fibers it innervates

A

Motor unit

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10
Q

Contains contractile components, glycogen, fat, enzymes, mitochondria, SR

A

Sarcoplasm

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11
Q

Contain contractile Apparatus

A

Myofibrils

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12
Q

Thick, has cross bridges

A

Myosin

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13
Q

Thin, two strands in double helix

A

Actin

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14
Q

Smallest contractile unit of skmm

A

Sarcomere

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15
Q

CENTER of sarcomere. Myosin anchor

A

m bridge

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16
Q

ENDS of sarcomere. Actin anchor

A

z line

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17
Q

DARK. alignment of myosin

A

a band

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18
Q

LIGHT. Only actin. Z line in middle

A

I band

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19
Q

CENTER. M bridge in middle, only myosin

A

H zone

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20
Q

These decrease during contraction…

A

H zone and I band

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21
Q

Intricate system of tubules parallel to each myofibril

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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22
Q

SR terminates as…

A

Vesicles near z lines

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23
Q

Calcium stored in…

A

Vesicles of SR

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24
Q

In SR, this controls contraction…

A

Regulation of calcium

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25
Q

Run perpendicular to SR and terminate near z lines between two vesicles

A

T tubules

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26
Q

T tubules are continuous with…

A

Sarcolemma at surface

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27
Q

Discharge of AP arrives nearly…

A

Simultaneously from surface to all depths

28
Q

States that actin slide inward on myosin, pulling z lines to center

A

Sliding filament theory

29
Q

Causes movement during SFT

A

Flexion of cross bridges on actin

30
Q

How must flexions occur

A

Very rapid and repeated

31
Q

Phases of SFT. 5

A

Resting, excitation contraction coupling, contraction,recharge, relaxation

32
Q

Little Calcium present, few bound cross bridges, no tension

33
Q

SR stimulated to release calcium during

A

Excitation contraction coupling

34
Q

Calcium binds with

35
Q

During contraction, energy comes from

A

Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP

36
Q

Another ATP must replace ADP in order…

A

For cross bridge head to detach and recock

37
Q

If calcium is present..

A

Continuation of contraction. Relaxation if not present

38
Q

Recharge continues as long as there is…

A

Calcium, ATP, and myosin ATPase

39
Q

Relaxation occurs when…

A

Motor nerve isn’t stimulated and calcium is pumped back into SR.

40
Q

All fibers simultaneously activated when…

A

Motor neuron fires impulse

41
Q

Extent of control of muscle depends on…

A

Number of fibers within each motor unit

42
Q

Action potential is NOT…

A

Capable of directly exciting fibers

43
Q

AP causes chemical transmission and release of

A

Acetylcholine

44
Q

All fibers in motor unit contract and develop force at same time

A

All or none principle

45
Q

Short period of activation is called

46
Q

Force summates if..

A

A second twitch elicited before complete relaxation

47
Q

Twitches merge and fuse..

48
Q

Maximal amount of force a motor unit can develop

49
Q

Fast twitch motor unit

50
Q

Slow twitch motor unit

51
Q

Type ii twitch time..

52
Q

Type I twitch time..

53
Q

Type I Are..

A

Efficient, fatigue resistant, aerobic

54
Q

Type ii Are…

A

Inefficient, fatiguable, anaerobic

55
Q

Muscular force graded in two ways…

A

Variation in frequency. Recruitment

56
Q

Variation in frequency is…

A

As frequency increases, forces summate, force increases

57
Q

Recruitment

A

Varying number of activated motor units

58
Q

Maximal force production does not occur early in ROM if muscle is unloaded prior to muscle action

A

Preloading

59
Q

Recruitment patterns will vary depending on…

A

Joint position

60
Q

Preloading is important for…

A

Developing strength early in ROM, especially at high velocities

61
Q

Specialized sensory receptors in joints, muscles, tendons

A

Proprioceptors

62
Q

Job of proprioceptors…

A

Relay information about muscle dynamics to CNS

63
Q

Muscle length and rate of change

64
Q

Spindles indicate..

A

Degree to which muscle must be activated in order to overcome a given resistance

65
Q

LocAted in tendons near myotendinous junctions

66
Q

GTOs activated when

A

Tendon is stretched

67
Q

Neural input from GTOs…

A

Inhibits muscle activation. Protects against excessive tension

CSCS (14 decks)

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