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Anatomy > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

Origin

A

Attachment of tendon to stationary bone

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2
Q

Insertion

A

Attachment of tendon to moveable bone

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3
Q

Is origin proximal or distal?

A

Proximal

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4
Q

Belly

A

Fleshy part of muscles between tendons

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5
Q

Reverse Muscle Action

A

Some muscles are capable of reversing the direction of action. Origin and insertion are reversed

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6
Q

Lever System

A

Move around a fixed point called a fulcrum

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7
Q

What are two forces involved in a lever

A

Effort

Load

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8
Q

Effort

A

Force exerted by muscle contraction

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9
Q

Load

A

Opposes movement

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10
Q

Mechanical Advantage

A

Load is closer to fulcrum so small effort is needed to move a large load for a short distance

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11
Q

Mechanical Disadvantage

A

Effort is closer to load so large effort is needed to move a small load for a long distance

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12
Q

First class lever

A

Fulcrum is between load and effort

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13
Q

Does a first class lever have mechanical advantage or disadvantage?

A

Both

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14
Q

Second class lever

A

Load is between fulcrum and effort

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15
Q

Does a second class lever have mechanical advantage or disadvantage?

A

Advantage

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16
Q

What type of lever produces the most force?

A

Second class

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17
Q

Third class lever

A

Effort is between fulcrum and load

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18
Q

Does a third class lever have mechanical advantage or disadvantage?

A

Disadvantage

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19
Q

Which type of lever favours speed over force?

A

Third class

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20
Q

Fascicle

A

Bundles of skeletal muscle fibers

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21
Q

What does fascicle arrangement effect?

A

Power and range of motion

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22
Q

What are the 7 fascicle arrangements

A 
Fusiform
Parallel
Triangular 
Circular
Unipennate
Bipennate 
Multipennate
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23
Q

What fiber factor effects range of motion?

A

The longer the fiber the greater the range of motion

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24
Q

What fiber factor effects power?

A

Cross- sectional area

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25
Q

Prime Mover (Agonist)

A

Contracts to cause a movement

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26
Q

Antagonist

A

Stretches and yields to the effect of the prime mover

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27
Q

Synergist

A

Contract and stabalize the intermediate joints to prevent unwanted movement

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28
Q

Fixators

A

Stabalize origin of prime mover so it can contract more efficiently

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29
Q

Direction of muscle

A

Orientation of muscle fascicles relative to body’s midline

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30
Q

Rectus

A

Parallel to midline

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31
Q

Transverse

A

Perpindicular to midline

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32
Q

Oblique

A

Diagonal to midline

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33
Q

Maximus

A

Largest

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34
Q

Minimus

A

Smallest

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35
Q

Longus

A

Long

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36
Q

Brevis

A

Short

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37
Q

Latissimus

A

Widest

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38
Q

Longissimus

A

Longest

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39
Q

Magnus

A

Large

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40
Q

Major

A

Larger

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41
Q

Minor

A

Smaller

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42
Q

Vastus

A

Huge

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43
Q

Deltoid

A

Triangular

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44
Q

Trapezius

A

Trapezoid

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45
Q

Serratus

A

Saw- Toothed

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46
Q

Rhomboid

A

Diamond shaped

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47
Q

Orbicularis

A

Circular

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48
Q

Pectinate

A

Comb- like

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49
Q

Piriformis

A

Pear shaped

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50
Q

Platys

A

Flat

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51
Q

Quadratus

A

Square shaped

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52
Q

Gracilis

A

Slender

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53
Q

Flexor

A

Decreases joint angle

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54
Q

Extensor

A

Increases joint angle

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55
Q

Abductor

A

Moves bone away from midline

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56
Q

Adductor

A

Moves bone closer to midline

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57
Q

Sphincter

A

Decreases size of opening

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58
Q

Biceps

A

Two origins

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59
Q

Triceps

A

Three origins

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60
Q

Quadriceps

A

Four origins

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61
Q

Orbicularis Oculi

A

Circle around eye that closes eyes
O: medial wall of orbit
I: circular path around orbit

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62
Q

Two parts of occipitofrontalis

A

Frontal Belly

Occipital Belly

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63
Q

Frontal belly

A

Forehead. Raises eyebrows
O: Epicranial aponeurosis
I: Skin above supraorbital margin

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64
Q

Occipital Belly

A

Back of head. Draws scalp posteriorly
O: Occipital bone and mastoid process
I: Epicranial aponeurosis

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65
Q

Epicranial Aponeurosis

A

Covers superior and lateral sides of the head

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66
Q

Buccinator

A

Sucks cheeks in and draws corner of mouth laterally.
O: Alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible
I: Fibers of orbicularis oris

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67
Q

Zygomaticus Major

A

Inferior to minor. Smiling
O: Zygomatic
I: Skin at angle of mouth

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68
Q

Zygomaticus Minor

A

Superior to major. Raise upper lip
O: Zygomatic
I: Upper lip

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69
Q

Levator Labii Superioris

A

Right beside nose. Raises upper lip
O: Maxilla
I: Skin at angle of mouth

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70
Q

Depressor Anguli Oris

A

Chin. Opens mouth
O:Mandible
I: Angle of mouth

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71
Q

Corrugator Supercili

A

Angle up across eyebrow. Eyebrows down
O: Frontal bone
I: Skin of eyebrow

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72
Q

Nasalis

A

Bridge of nose

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73
Q

Masseter

A

Elevates mandible.
O: Maxilla and zygomatic arch
I: Angle of mandible

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74
Q

Risorius

A

Draws angle of mouth laterally
O: Fascia over partoid gland
I: Skin at angle of the mouth

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75
Q

Platysma

A

Pouting
O: Fascia over deltoid muscles
I: Mandible

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76
Q

Extrinsic Eye Muscles

A

Muscles that move the eyeballs

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77
Q

Where do extrinsic eye muscles insert and originate?

A

Originate on the orbit and insert on the sclera

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78
Q

Sclera

A

White of the eye

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79
Q

3 pairs of extrinsic muscles controlling eye movement?

A

Superior and inferior recti
Lateral and medial recti
Superior and inferior obliques

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80
Q

Where do the 4 recti eye muscles originate?

A

Tendinous ring in posterior orbit

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81
Q

Superior and Inferior Recti movements

A

Move the eyeball superiorly and inferiorly

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82
Q

Lateral and medial recti movements

A

Move the eyeball laterally and medially

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83
Q

Superior oblique eye muscle

A

Originates posteriorly. Ends in a round tendon that passes through trochlea. Inserts on on side of eyeball.
Moves eye inferiorly and laterally

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84
Q

Trochlea

A

Pulley like loop on the top of the orbit

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85
Q

Inferior oblique eye muscle

A

O: Maxilla
I: Lateral part of eyeball inferior to superior oblique
Moves eye superiorly and laterally

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86
Q

Levator palpebrae superioris

A

Cut off the top of superior oblique. Raises upper eyelid

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87
Q

What is the antagonist to orbicularis occuli?

A

Levator palpebrae superioris

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88
Q

Muscles of mastication

A

Muscle moving the mandible at TMJ used in chewing

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89
Q

How many pairs of muscles are used in mastication?

A

4

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90
Q

What are the three muscles used to close the jaw?

A

Masseter
Temposralis
Medial pterygoid

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91
Q

Medial Pterygoid

A

Side of jaw inferior to lateral pterygoid.
O: Pterygoid process
I: Angle of ramus of mandible

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92
Q

Which muscle moves the jaw side to side

A

Medial and lateral Pterygoid

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93
Q

Lateral Pterygoid

A

Side of jaw superior to medial pterygoid
O: Pterygoid process
I: Condyle of mandible

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94
Q

Temporalis

A

Elevates and retracts mandible. Side of temple
O: Temporal bone
I: Coronoid process of mandible

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95
Q

Deglutition

A

Swallowing

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96
Q

3 places the tongue attaches to

A

Mandible
Styloid process
Hyoid bone

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97
Q

Where does the fibrous septum of the tongue attach inferiorly?

A

Hyoid bone

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98
Q

Extrinsic Tongue muscles

A

Originate outside the tongue and insert into it

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99
Q

Intrinsic Tongue muscles

A

Originate and insert within the tongue

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100
Q

What muscles alter the shape of the tongue rather than moving it?

A

Intrinsic tongue muscles

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101
Q

Genioglossus

A

Protraction of tongue
O: Mandible
I: Under tongue and hyoid bone

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102
Q

Styloglossus

A

Retraction of the tongue
O: Styloid process
I: Side and under tongue

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103
Q

Hyoglossus

A

Depresses tongue and draws down sides
O: Hyoid bone
I: Side of tongue

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104
Q

Palatoglossus

A

Elevates tongue
O: Soft palate
I: Side of tongue

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105
Q

2 groups of muscles that stablize hyoid bone

A

Suprahyoid muscles

Infrahyoid bones

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106
Q

What nerve innervates facial muscles?

A

Facial nerve VII

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107
Q

2 components of the digastric muscle?

A

Posterior and anterior bellies

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108
Q

Digastric

A

Elevates hyoid
O: Mandible and temporal bone
I: Body of hyoid

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109
Q

Stylohyoid

A

Elevates hyoid bone
O: Styloid process
I: Hyoid bone

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110
Q

Mylohyoid

A

Elevates hyoid bone
O: Mandible
I: Hyoid

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111
Q

Gleniohyoid

A

O: Mandible
I: Hyoid

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112
Q

What are the four suprahyoid muscles?

A

Digastric
Stylohyoid
Mylohyoid
Gleniohyoid

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113
Q

What are the four infrahyoid muscles?

A

Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid

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114
Q

Which 2 hyoid muscles have two bellies connected by an intermediate tendon?

A

Digastric

Omohyoid

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115
Q

What are the 3 components of the omohyoid?

A

Superior and inferior bellies

Intermediate tendon

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116
Q

Which 3 muscles depress the hyoid bone?

A

Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Thyrohyoid

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117
Q

Which muscle depresses the thyroid cartilage (adams apple)?

A

Sternothyroid

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118
Q

Omohyoid

A

O:Scapula and superior transverse ligament
I: Hyoid

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119
Q

Sternohyoid

A

O: Clavicle and manubrium
I: Hyoid

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120
Q

Sternothyroid

A

O: Manubrium
I: Thyroid cartilage of larynx

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121
Q

Thyrohyoid

A

O: Thyroid cartilage of larynx
I: Hyoid

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122
Q

Extrinsic muscles of the larynx

A

Infrahyoid muscles

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123
Q

2 muscles that regulate tension of the vocal cords

A

Cricothyroid

Thyroarytenoid

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124
Q

What 2 muscles adjust space between vocal cords?

A

Lateral cricoarytenoid

Posterior cricoarytenoid

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125
Q

Cricothyroid

A

O: Cricoid cartilage
I: Thyroid cartilage

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126
Q

Thyroarytenoid

A

O: Thyoid cartilage
I: Arytenoid cartilage

127
Q

Lateral Cricoarytenoid

A

O: Cricoid cartilage
I: Arytenoid cartilage

128
Q

Posterior cricoarytenoid

A

O: Cricoid cartilage
I: Arytenoid Cartilage

129
Q

Transverse cricoarytenoid

A

O: Arytenoid cartilage
I: Arytenoid cartilage

130
Q

Oblique Arytenoid

A

O: Arytenoid cartilage
I: Arytenoid cartilage

131
Q

Muscle for flexing head

A

2 sternocleidomastoid muscles

132
Q

2 components of the sternocleidomastoid

A

Sternal head

Clavicular Head

133
Q

Sternal Head

A

O: Manubrium
I: Mastoid process and superior nuchal line

134
Q

Clavicular head

A

O: Clavicle
I: Mastoid process and superior nuchal line

135
Q

4 muscles for extending head

A

Semispinalis capitus
Splenius capitus
Longissimus Capitus
Spinalis Capitus

136
Q

Semispinalis Capitis

A

O: Cervical vertebrae
I: Ociipital bone

137
Q

Splenius Capitis

A

O: Cervical vertebrae
I: Occipital bone and mastoid process

138
Q

Longissimus Capitis

A

O: Cervical and thoracic vertebrae
I: Mastoid process

139
Q

Spinalis Capitis

A

O:Often absent or very small
I: Occipital bone

140
Q

2 splenius muscles

A

Splenius Cervicis

Splenius Capitis

141
Q

What muscles laterally flex the neck and rotate the head?

A

Splenius muscles

142
Q

Erector Spinae

A

The largest muscle in the back. Chief extensor of vertebral column.

143
Q

3 groups of erector spinae

A

Iliocostalis ( Lateral)
Longissimus (Intermediate)
Spinalis (Medial)

144
Q

3 iliocostalis muscles

A

Iliocostalis cervicis
Iliocostalis thoracis
Iliocostalis lumborum

145
Q

3 longissimus neck muscles

A

Longissimus capitis
Longissimus cervicis
Longissimus thoracis

146
Q

3 spinalis neck muscles

A

Spinalis capitus
Spinalis cervicis
Spinalis thoracis

147
Q

Transversospinales muscles

A

Fibers run from the transverse processes to the spinous processes of the vertebrae

148
Q

3 semispinales muscles

A

semispniales cervicis
Semispinales thoracis
Semispinales Capitis

149
Q

Multifidus

A

Segmented into several bundles. Extends and laterally flexes vertebral column
O: Sacrum, ilium, transverse processes
I: Spinous processes of top vertebrae

150
Q

Rotatores

A

Short and found on the entire length of vertebral column. Transverse process to spinous process

151
Q

2 muscles of the Segmental group

A

Interspinales

Intertransversarii

152
Q

What muscles unite spinous and transverse processes of consecutive vertebrae?

A

Segmental muscles

153
Q

3 muscles of the scalene group

A

anterior scalene
middle scalene
posterior scalene

154
Q

Anterior Scalene

A

Elevate ribs
O: Cervical vertebrae
I: First rib

155
Q

Middle Scalene

A

Flex cervical vertebrae
O: Cervical vertebrae
I: First rib

156
Q

Posterior Scalene

A

Elevate ribs
O: Cervical vertebrae
I: Second rib

157
Q

Interspinales

A

O: Superior surface of spinous process
I: Inferior surface of spinous process of next vertebrae

158
Q

Intertransversarii

A

Transverse process to transverse process

159
Q

Spinalis Thoracis

A

Extend vertebral column
O: Spinous processes of T10- L2
I: Spinous process of thoracic vertebrae

160
Q

Semispnialis Thoracis

A

Extend and rotate vertebral column
O: Transverse processes of T6- T10
I: Spinous processes of C6- T4

161
Q

Longissimus Thoracis

A

Extend and laterally flex vertebral column
O: Transverse processes of lumbar
I: Transverse processes of thoracic and top lumbar, ribs 9 and 10

162
Q

Iliocostalis Thoracis

A

Extend and laterally flex vertebral column
O: Ribs 7- 12
I: Ribs 1-6

163
Q

Iliocostalis Lumborum

A

Extend and laterally flex vertebral column
O: Iliac crest
I: Ribs 7- 12

164
Q

What 4 muscles make up the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A

External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominus
Rectus abdominus

165
Q

External oblique

A

Superficial muscle. Flex and rotate vertebral column
O: Ribs 5- 12
I: Iliac crest and linea alba

166
Q

Internal Oblique

A

Intermediate flat muscle. Flex and rotate vertebral column
O: Iliac crest, inguinal ligament, thoracolumbar fascia
I: Ribs 7- 10, linea alba

167
Q

Transversus Abdominis

A

Deep muscle. Compress abdomen
O: Iliac crest, inguinal ligament, lumbar fascia, ribs 5- 10
I: Xiphoid process, linea alba, pubis

168
Q

Rectus Abdominis

A

Flexes and compresses abdomen
O: Pubic crest and pubic symphysis
I: Ribs 5- 7, xiphoid process

169
Q

Tendinous Intersections

A

Transverse fibrous bands that make a 6 pack

170
Q

Rectus sheaths

A

Aponeuroses of obliques and transversus abdominus enclose rectus abdominus

171
Q

Linea alba

A

Fibrous midline of abdominal muscles

172
Q

Inguinal Ligament

A

Inferior border of external oblique aponeurosis

173
Q

Superficial Inguinal Ring

A

Outer opening of inguinal canal

174
Q

Inguinal Canal

A

Contains ilioguinal nerve
M- spermatic cord
F- Round ligament of uterus

175
Q

Quadratus Lumborum

A

Hold ribs and flex vertebrae laterally
O: Iliac crst and iliolumbar ligament
I: Rib 12 and L1- 4

176
Q

Diaphragm

A

Contracts to inhale
O: Xiphoid process, costal cartilage, ribs 7-12, lumbar
I: Central tendon

177
Q

What structure seperates abdominal and thoracic cavities?

A

Diaphragm

178
Q

Peripheral Muscular Portion

A

Part of diaphragm originating on xiphoid process, inferior 6 ribs and lumbar

179
Q

Central Tendon

A

Fibers of muscular portion of diaphragm converge into a strong aponeurosis

180
Q

3 major openings in diaphragm

A

Aortic hiatus
Esophageal hiatus
Caval opening

181
Q

Aortic hiatus

A

Hole in the middle of diaphragm for aorta, thoracic duct and azygos vein

182
Q

Esophageal hiatus

A

Hole in the middle of diaphragm for esophagus and nerves

183
Q

Caval opening

A

Big hole in diaphragm for inferior vena cava

184
Q

Intercostals

A

Muscles arranged in 3 layers span the spaces in between ribs

185
Q

External Intercostals

A

Elevate and depress ribs.
O: Inferior border of rib above
I: Superior border of rib below

186
Q

Internal intercostals

A

Draw adjacent ribs together
O: Superior border of rib below
I: Inferior border of rib above

187
Q

Innermost Intercostals

A

Draw adjacent ribs together
O: Superior border of rib below
I: Inferior border of rib above

188
Q

Mnemonic for action of intercostals

A

Old Mcdonald had a farm EIEIO:

Intercostals Elevate during Inhalation Oh!

189
Q

Main action of muscles moving pectoral girdle?

A

Stabilize scapula so it can serve as a origin for most muscles of the humerus

190
Q

Subclavius

A

Depresses clavicle anteriorly
O: Rib 1
I: Clavicle

191
Q

Pectoralis Minor

A

Abducts and rotates scapula downwards
O: Ribs
I: Coracoid process of scapula

192
Q

Serratus Anterior

A

Abducts and rotates scapula upwards
O: Ribs 1- 9
I: Vertebral Border and inferior angle of scapula

193
Q

Trapezius

A

Rotate and depress scapula
O: occipital bone, Spines of C7- T-12
I: Clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

194
Q

Levator Scapulae

A

Elevates scapula and rotates it downwards
O: Transverse processes of C1-4
I: Superior vertebral border of scapula

195
Q

Rhomboid Major

A

Elevates, adducts and rotates scapula downwards
O: Spines of T2- 5
I: Vertebral border of scapula

196
Q

Rhomboid Minor

A

Elevates, adducts and rotates scapula downwards
O: Spines of C7- T1
I: Vertebral border of scapula

197
Q

6 movements of the scapula

A 
Elevation
Depression
Abduction (protraction)
Adduction (retraction)
Upward rotation
198
Q

How many muscles cross the shoulder joint?

A

9

199
Q

Which shoulder muscles are the only to not originate on the scapula?

A

Pectoralis major

Latissimus Dorsi

200
Q

Axial muscles

A

Originate on the axial skeleton

201
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

Adducts and medially rotates arm
O: Clavicle, sternum and ribs
I: Greater tubercle of humerus

202
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

extends, adducts and rotates arm
O: Spines of T7- L5, crests of ilium and sacrum, ribs 9-12
I: Intertubercular sulcus of humerus

203
Q

Deltoid

A

Abduct, flex, medially rotate, extend arm
O: Acromion and spine of scapula
I: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

204
Q

Subscapularis

A

Medially rotates arm
O: Subscapular fossa on scapula
I: Greater tubercle of humerus

205
Q

Supraspinatus

A

Abduct arm
O: Supraspinous fossa
I: Greater tubercle of humerus

206
Q

Infraspinatus

A

Laterally rotates arm
O: Infraspinous fossa
I: Greater tubercle of humerus

207
Q

Teres Major

A

Extension, adduction and medial rotation of arm
O: Inferior angle of scapula
I: Intertubercular sulcus of humerus

208
Q

Teres Minor

A

Laterally rotates and extends arm
O: Inferior lateral border of scapula
I: Greater tubercle of humerus

209
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

Flexes and adducts arm
O: Coracoid process of scapula
I: Medial surface of humerus shaft

210
Q

What 4 muscles’ tendons form the rotator cuff?

A

Supraspinatus
Subscapularis
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor

211
Q

3 Flexor muscles of the elbow?

A

Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis

212
Q

2 extensor muscles of the elbow?

A

Triceps brachii

Anconeus

213
Q

Biceps brachii

A

Flexes and supinates forearm
O: Tubercle above glenoid cavity, coracoid process
I: Radial tuberosity, bicipital aponeurosis

214
Q

What muscle is deep to the biceps barchii?

A

Brachialis

215
Q

Brachialis

A

Flexes forearm
O: Anterior surface of humerus
I: Ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process

216
Q

Brachiordialis

A

Flexes, supinates and pronates arm
O: Distal end of humerus
I: Styoid process of radius

217
Q

Triceps brachii

A

Extends arm
O: Inferior to glenoid cavity, surface of humerus
I: Olecranon

218
Q

Aconeus

A

Extends forearm
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: Olecranon and shaft of ulna

219
Q

2 Forearm pronators

A

Pronator teres

Pronator quadratus

220
Q

Pronator teres

A

Pronates forearm
O: Medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
I: Surface of radius

221
Q

Pronator Quadratus

A

Pronates forearm
O: Shaft of ulna
I: Shaft of radius

222
Q

Supinator

A

Supinates forearm
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: Surface of radius

223
Q

Extrinsic Muscles of hand

A

originate outside hand and insert in it

224
Q

Anterior compartment of the forearm

A

Originate on medial epicondyle of the humerus and function as flexors

225
Q

What hand muscle is missing in 20% of people?

A

Palmaris longus

226
Q

Posterior compartment of forearm

A

Originate on lateral epicondyle of humerus and function as extensors

227
Q

Flexor Carpi radialis

A

Flexes and abducts wrist
O: Medial epicondyle of humerus
I: Metacarpals 2 and 3

228
Q

Palmaris longus

A

Flexes hand
O: Medial epicondyle of humerus
I: Flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis

229
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Flexes and adducts hand
O: Medial epicondyle of humerus
I: Pisiform, hamate and metacarpal 5

230
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Flexes phalanges and hand
O: Medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process
I: Middle phalanx of each finger

231
Q

Flexor pollicis longus

A

Flexes distal phalanx of thumb
O: Radius surface and interosseus membrane
I: Base of distal phalanx of thumb

232
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus

A

Flexes phalanges and hand
O: Body of ulna
I: Base of distal phalanx of fingers

233
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus

A

Extends and abducts hand
O: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
I: Metacarpal 2

234
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

Extends and abducts hand
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: Metacarpal 3

235
Q

Extensor Digitorum

A

Extends fingers and hands
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: Distal and middle phalanges

236
Q

Extensor Digiti minimi

A

Extends proximal phalanx of pinky finger and hand
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: Tendon of extensor digitorum on fifth phalanx

237
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Extends and adducts hand
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: Fifth metacarpal

238
Q

Abductor pollicis longus

A

Abducts and extends hand
O: Middle of radius and ulna and interroseus membrane
I: First metacarpal

239
Q

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

A

Extends proximal phalanx and metacrapal of thumb, and hand
O: Middle of radius and interroseus membrane
I: Proximal phalanx of thumb

240
Q

Extensor Pollicis longus

A

Extends distal phalanx and first metacarpal of thumb, abducts hand
O; Middle of ulna and interosseous membrane
I: Base of distal phalanx of thumb

241
Q

Extensor Indicis

A

Extends phalanges of index finger and hand
O: Surface of ulna
I; Tendon of extensor digitorum of index finger

242
Q

3 groups of intrinsic muscles of the hand

A

Thenar
Hypothenar
Intermediate

243
Q

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

A

Abducts thumb
O: Flexor retinaculum, scaphoid, trapezium
I: Proximal phalanx of thumb

244
Q

Opponens pollicis

A

Opposition of thumb
O: Flexor retinaculum and trapezium
I; Metacarpal 1

245
Q

Flexor Pollicis Brevis

A

Flexes thumb

O: Flexor retinaculum, trapezium, capitate and trapezoid

246
Q

Adductor pollicis brevis

A

Adducts thumb
O: Capitate and metacarpals 2 and 3
I: Proximal phalanx of thumb

247
Q

Abductor Digiti minimi

A

Abducts and flexes little finger
O:Pisiform and tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris
I: Proximal phalanx of little finger

248
Q

Flexor Digiti minimi brevis

A

Flexes little finger
O: Flexor retinaculum and hamate
I: Proximal phalanx of little finger

249
Q

Opponens Digiti minimi

A

Opposition of pinky
O:Flexor retinaculum and hamate
I: Metacarpal 5

250
Q

Lumbricals

A

Flex fingers at knucles and extend fingers
O: Tendons and flexor digitorum of each finger
I: Tendons of extensor digitorum on proximal phalanges

251
Q

Palmar Interossei

A

Adduct and flex all fingers except middle, extend fingers
O: Shafts of all metacarpals except middle
I: Bases of proximal phalanges except middle

252
Q

Dorsal Interossei

A

Abduct and flex fingers 2-4 and extend each finger
O: Adjacent metacarpals
I: Proximal phalanx of each finger

253
Q

Thenar Eminence

A

Meaty part of palm

254
Q

What 4 muscles make up the thenar eminence?

A

Abductor Pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Adductor pollicis

255
Q

5 movements of the thumb?

A 
Flexion 
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Opposition
256
Q

2 components of the iliopsoas

A

Psoas major

Iliacus

257
Q

Psoas major

A

Flex and laterally rotate thigh, flex trunk.
O: Transverse processes and bodies of lumbar
I: Lesser trochanter of femur

258
Q

Iliacus

A

Flex and laterally rotate thigh, flex trunk
O: Iliac fossa and sacrum
I: Lesser trochanter of femur

259
Q

3 gluteal muscles?

A

Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus

260
Q

Gluteus maximus

A

Extends and laterally rotates thigh
O: Iliac crest, sacrum and coccyx
I: Iliotibial tract and linea aspera

261
Q

Gluteus medius

A

Abducts and medially rotates thigh
O: Ilium
I: Greater trochanter of femur

262
Q

Gluteus minimus

A

Abducts and medially rotates thigh
O: Ilium
I: Greater trochanter

263
Q

Tensor Fasciae Latae

A

Flexes and abducts thigh
O:Iliac crest
I: Iliotibial tract

264
Q

Piriformis

A

Laterally rotates and abducts thigh
O: Sacrum
I: Greater trochanter of femur

265
Q

Obturator Internus

A

Laterally rotates and abducts thigh
O: Obtruator Foramen, pubis, ischium
I: Greater trochanter

266
Q

Obtruator Externus

A

Laterally rotates and abducts thigh
O: Obtruator membrane
I: Inferior to greater trochanter

267
Q

Superior Gemellus

A

Laterally rotates and abducts thigh
O: Ischial spine
I: Greater trochanter

268
Q

Inferior Gemellus

A

Laterally rotates and abducts thigh
O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Greater trochanter

269
Q

Quadratis Femoris

A

Laterally rotates and stabilizes hip
O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Elevation above intertrochanteric crest

270
Q

Iliotibial Tract (IT Band)

A

Strong band of connective tissue from ilium to tibia. Inserts on lateral condyle of tibia

271
Q

Which 3 muscles can both medially and laterally rotate the thigh?

A

Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus

272
Q

Adductor hiatus

A

Distal tendons of adductor magnus seperate just superior to medial epicondyle of femur

273
Q

What is the longest muscle in the body?

A

Sartorius

274
Q

Adductor Longus

A

Adducts, flexes and rotates thigh
O: Pubic crest and pubic symphysis
I: Linea aspera

275
Q

Adductor brevis

A

Adducts, flexes and rotates thigh
O: Inferior ramus of pubis
I: Linea aspera

276
Q

Adductor magnus

A

Adduct, rotate, flex, extend thigh
O: Inferior ramus of pubis and ischium
I: Linea aspera

277
Q

Pectineus

A

Flexes and adducts thigh
O: Superior ramus of pubis
I: Pectineal line of femur

278
Q

Gracilis

A

Adducts, medially rotates and flexes thigh
O:Body and inferior ramus of pubis
I: Body of tibia

279
Q

4 muscles of quadriceps femoris?

A

Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius

280
Q

Function of quadriceps femoris?

A

Extend leg at knee

Rectus femoris flexes thigh

281
Q

Rectus femoris

A

O: Anterior inferior iliac spine
I: Patella and tibial tuberosity

282
Q

Vastus lateralis

A

O: Greater trochanter and linea aspera
I: Patella and tibial tuberosity

283
Q

Vastus medialis

A

O: Linea aspera
I: Patella and tibial tuberosity

284
Q

Vastus Intermedius

A

O: Body of femur
I: Patella and tibial tuberosity

285
Q

Sartorius

A

Flexes, abducts and laterally rotates thigh
O: Anterior superior iliac spine
I: Body of tibia

286
Q

3 hamstring muscles?

A

Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus

287
Q

Biceps femoris

A

Flexes and extends leg
O: Ischial tuberosity and linea aspera
I: Head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia

288
Q

Semitendinosus

A

Flex and extend leg
O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Proximal shaft of tibia

289
Q

Semimembranosus

A

Flexes leg and extends thigh
O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Medial condyle of tibia

290
Q

Tibialis Anterior

A

Dorsiflexes and inverts foot
O: Lateral condyle and body of tibia, interosseous membrane
I: Metatarsal 1 and first cuneiform

291
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus

A

Dorsiflexes foot and extends proximal phalanx of big toe
O: Surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
I: Distal phalanx of big toe

292
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus

A

Dorsiflexes foot, extends phalanges
O: Lateral condyle of tibia, surface of fibula, interosseous membrane
I: Middle and distal phalanges of toes 2- 5

293
Q

Fibularis Tertius

A

Dorsiflexes and everts foot
O: Distal fibula and interosseous membrane
I: Base of metatarsal 5

294
Q

Fibularis Longus

A

Plantar flexes and everts foot
O: Head and body of fibula
I: Metatarsal 1 and first cuneiform

295
Q

Fibularis Brevis

A

Plantar flexes and everts foot
O: Body of fibula
I: Base of metatarsal 5

296
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Plantar flexes foot and flexes leg
O: Condyles of femur and capsule of knee
I: Calcaneus

297
Q

Soleus

A

Plantar flexes foot
O: Head of fibula and medial border of tibia
I: Calcaneus

298
Q

Plantaris

A

Plantar flexes foot and flexes leg
O: Above lateral condyle of femur
I: Calcaneus

299
Q

Popliteus

A

Flexes leg and medially rotates tibia
O: Lateral condyle of femur
I: Proximal tibia

300
Q

Tibialis Posterior

A

Plantar flexes and inverts foot
O: Tibia, fibula and interosseous membrane
I: Metatarsals 2-5, navicular, cuneiforms and cuboid

301
Q

Flexor digitorum longus

A

Plantar flexes foot and flexes phalanges
O: Surface of tibia
I: Distal phalanges of toes 2- 5

302
Q

Flexor hallucis longus

A

Plantar flexes foot, flexes big toe
O: Inferior fibula
I: Distal phalanx of big toe

303
Q

Extensor Hallucis Brevis

A

Extends big toe
O: Calcaneus, extensor retinaculum
I: Proximal phalanx of big toe

304
Q

Extensor digitorum brevis

A

Extends toes 2- 4
O: Calcaneus, extensor retinaculum
I: Middle phalanges of toes 2- 4

305
Q

Abductor Hallucis

A

Abducts and flexes big toe
O: Calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, flexor retinaculum
I: Proximal phalanx of big toe

306
Q

Flexor digitorum brevis

A

Flexes toes 2-5
O: Calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, flexor retinaculum
I: Middle phalanx of toes 2-5

307
Q

Abductor digiti minimi

A

Abducts and flexes little toe
O: Calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, flexor retinaculum
I: Proximal phalanx of little toe

308
Q

Quadratus plantae

A

Flex toes 2-5
O: Calcaneus
I: Tendon of flexor digitorum longus

309
Q

Lumbricals of foot

A

Extend and flex toes 2-5
O: Tendons of flexor digitorum longus
I: Proximal phalanges of toes 2- 5

310
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis

A

Flexes big toe
O: Cuboid and third cuneiform
I: Proximal phalanx of big toe

311
Q

Adductor Hallucis

A

Adducts and flexes big toe
O: Metatarsals 2-4, Ligaments of 3-5, tendon of fibularis longus
I: Proximal phalanx of big toe

312
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

A

Flexes little toe
O: Metatarsal 5 and tendon of fibularis longus
I: Proximal phalanx of little toe

313
Q

Dorsal interossei of foot

A

Abduct, flex and extend toes 2- 4
O: Side of metatarsals
I: Proximal phalanges

314
Q

Plantar interossei

A

Adduct, flex and extend toes
O: Metatarsals 3-5
I: Proximal phalanges of toes 3- 5

Anatomy (9 decks)

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