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Anatomy > Joints > Flashcards

Joints Flashcards

1
Q

3 types of joints

A

Synarthrosis
Amphiarthrosis
Diarthrosis

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2
Q

Synarthrosis

A

Immovable Joint

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3
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A

Slightly moveable joint

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4
Q

Diarthrosis

A

Freely moveable joint

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5
Q

Fibrous Joints

A

Formed by mass of connective tissue between neighbouring bones

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6
Q

Cartilaginous Joints

A

Mass of cartilage between neighbouring bones

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7
Q

Synovial Joints

A

Lubricated synovial cavity encapsulates joints

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8
Q

Ligaments

A

Dense regular or dense irregular connective tissue binding bone to bone

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9
Q

Fibrous Joints

A

Neighbouring bones held together by solid mass of dense irregular connective tissue

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10
Q

3 types of fibrous joints

A

Sutures
Syndesmoses
Interosseous Membrane

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11
Q

Sutures

A

Thin layer of dense irregular connective tissue called a sutural ligament

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12
Q

Syndesmoses

A

Greater distance between articulating surfaces and more connective tissue than a suture

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13
Q

Gomphosis

A

Cone shaped peg fits in a socket- teeth and roots

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14
Q

Interosseous Membrane

A

Sheet of dense irregular connective tissue joins neighbouring log bones

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15
Q

Cartilaginous Joints

A

Solid connective tissue allows little or no movement between bones

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16
Q

2 types of cartilaginous joints

A

Synchondroses

Symphyses

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17
Q

Synchondroses

A

Immovable joint where connective tissue is hyaline cartilage

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18
Q

Symphyses

A

Ends of articulating bones are covered in hyaline cartilage but connected by a fibrocartilage disc- only occur on midline of body

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19
Q

Synovial Joints

A

Synovial cavity surrounded by connective tissue capsule

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20
Q

Articular Cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage covering bones in synovial capsule

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21
Q

Articular capsule

A

Surrounds synovial joints and unites bones

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22
Q

2 layers of articular capsule

A

Fibrous Membrane

Synovial Membrane

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23
Q

Fibrous Membrane

A

Dense irregular connective tissue connects to periosteum of articulating bones

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24
Q

Synovial membrane

A

Inner membrane composed of synovial cells on surface and areolar connective tissue with elastic fibers beneath

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25
Q

Articular Fat Pads

A

Synovial membrane with accumulated adipose tissue

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26
Q

Synovial fluid

A

thin film over surfaces in articular capsule

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27
Q

2 components of synovial fluid

A

Hyaluronic Acid

Interstitial Fluid

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28
Q

Extrascapular Ligaments

A

Outside articular capsule

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29
Q

Intrascapular Ligaments

A

Inside articular capsule

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30
Q

Articular Discs

A

Fibrocatilage not covered by synovial membrane divide synovial cavity into two smaller cavities so different movements can occur

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31
Q

Menisci

A

Incomplete articular discs partially divide joint and bind to the fibrous membrane

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32
Q

Labrum

A

Fibrocartilaginous lip extends from socket to increase surface area between ball and socket

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33
Q

Bursae

A

Sac like structures that resemble joint capsules alleviate friction

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34
Q

Tendon Sheaths

A

Tubelike bursae wrap around tendons experiencing friction

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35
Q

Gliding

A

Nearly flat bone surfaces slide back and forth and side to side

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36
Q

Angular Movements

A

Increase or decrease angle between articulating bones

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37
Q

Flexion

A

Decrease angle between bones

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38
Q

Extension

A

Increase angle between bones to move back into anatomical position

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39
Q

Lateral Flexion

A

Bending of trunk along frontal plane

40
Q

Hyperextension

A

Continuation of extension beyond anatomical posiiton

41
Q

Abduction

A

Movement of bone away from midline

42
Q

Adduction

A

Movement of bone toward midline

43
Q

Circumduction

A

Sequence of flexion, abduction, extension, adduction to move distal end of body part in a circle

44
Q

Rotation

A

Bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis

45
Q

Elevation

A

Superior movement

46
Q

Depression

A

Inferior movement

47
Q

Protraction

A

Anterior movement along transverse plane

48
Q

Retraction

A

Movement of protracted body part back to anatomical position

49
Q

Inversion

A

Rolling ankle medially

50
Q

Eversion

A

Rolling ankle laterally

51
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Flexing foot

52
Q

Plantar flexion

A

Pointing foot

53
Q

Supination

A

Movement of forearm to move palm anteriorly

54
Q

Pronation

A

Movement of forearm to move palm posteriorly

55
Q

Opposition

A

Thumb touches finger tips of same hand

56
Q

Plane Joints

A

Articulating surfaces are flat allowing back and forth/ side to side movement

57
Q

Hinge Joints

A

Convex surface fits into another concave surface. Uniaxial- flexion/ extension

58
Q

Pivot joints

A

Rounded surface articulates with ring of bone and ligament. Uniaxial

59
Q

Condyloid Joints

A

Convex projection fits into depression. Biaxial- Flexion/ extension, abduction/adduction

60
Q

Saddle Joints

A

Saddle shaped surface fits into saddle. Same movement as condyloid

61
Q

Ball and socket joint

A

Triaxial- flexion/ extension, abduction/adduction, rotation

62
Q

6 factors affecting range of motion

A 
Structure of articulating bones
Strength and tension of ligaments
Arrabgement/ tension of muscles
Contact of soft parts
Hormones
Disuse
63
Q

Temporomandibular Joint

A

Hinge and plane joint formed by condylar process of mandible and mandibular fossa

64
Q

Lateral ligament of TMJ

A

Zygomatic process to mandible

65
Q

Sphenomandibular Ligament

A

Sphenoid spine to ramus of mandible

66
Q

Styloidmandibular Ligament

A

Styloid process to ramus of mandible

67
Q

Shoulder Joint

A

Ball and socket joint formed by head of humerus and glenoid cavity

68
Q

Coracohumeral ligament

A

Coracoid process of scapula to greater tubercle of humerus

69
Q

Glenohumeral ligament

A

3 bands from glenoid cavity to lesser tubercle of humerus and anatomical neck

70
Q

Transverse Humeral ligament

A

Narrow sheet attaching tubercles of humerus

71
Q

Glenoid Labrum

A

Narrow fibrocartilage around glenoid cavity

72
Q

How many bursae does the shoulder joint have

A

4

73
Q

Elbow Joint

A

Hinge joint formed by trochlea and capitulum of humerus, trochlear notch of ulna and head of radius

74
Q

Ulnar Collateral ligament

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus to coronoid process and olecranon of ulna

75
Q

Radial Collateral ligament

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus to radial notch of ulna

76
Q

Anular Ligament of radius

A

Holds head of radius in radial notch

77
Q

Hip joint

A

Ball and socket joint formed by head of femur and acetabulum of hip bones

78
Q

Iliofemoral Ligament

A

Anterior inferior iliac spine to intertrochanteric line of femur

79
Q

Pubofemoral Ligament

A

Pubic rim of acetabulum to neck of femur

80
Q

Ischiofemoral Ligament

A

Ischial wall of acetabulum to neck of femur

81
Q

Ligament of head of femur

A

Fossa of acetabulum to fovea capitus

82
Q

Acetabular Labrum

A

Fibrocartilage rim on acetabulum

83
Q

Transverse ligament of acetabulum

A

Crosses acetabular notch to head of femur

84
Q

Knee Joint

A

Tibiofemoral, medial tibiofemoral and patellofemoral

85
Q

Medial/lateral patellar retinacula

A

Fused tendons strengthen anterior surface

86
Q

Patellar ligament

A

Patella to tibial tuberosity

87
Q

Oblique popiteal ligament

A

Intercondylar fossa to head of tibia

88
Q

arcuate popiteal ligament

A

Lateral condyle of femur to styloid process of head of fibula

89
Q

Tibial collateral ligament

A

Medial condyle of femur to medial condyle of tibia

90
Q

Fibular collateral ligament

A

Lateral condyle of femur to lateral head of fibula

91
Q

Interscapular ligaments

A

Two ligaments in articular capsule join femur and tibia

92
Q

Anterior Cruciate ligament (ACL)

A

Intercondylar area of tibia to lateral condyle of femur

93
Q

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

A

Posterior intercondylar area of tibia to medial condyle of femur

94
Q

Articular discs in knee

A

Two menisci between tibial and femoral condyles

95
Q

Ankle joint

A

Hinge joint formed by tibia, fibula and tallus

96
Q

Deltoid ligament

A

Medial malleolus of tibia to talus

97
Q

Lateral ligament

A

Lateral malleolus of fibula to talus

Anatomy (9 decks)

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