Blood

Question 1

Blood

Answer 1

Cells surrounded by extracellular matrix

Question 2

3 functions of blood

Answer 2

Transportation
Regulation
Protection

Question 3

What percentage of body weight is blood?

Answer 3

8%

Question 4

How much blood do males and females have?

Answer 4

M: 5-6L
F: 4-5 L

Question 5

What are the 2 components of blood?

Answer 5

Plasma

Formed Elements

Question 6

What percentage of blood is plasma?

Answer 6

55%

Question 7

What percentage of blood is formed elements?

Answer 7

45%

Question 8

What percentage of plasma is water?

Answer 8

91.5%

Question 9

What are the three main proteins in plasma?

Answer 9

Alumbins
Globulins
Fibrinogen

Question 10

What are the 3 formed elements?

Answer 10

Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets

Question 11

Hypoxia

Answer 11

Stimulus for production of red blood cells resulting from oxygen deprivation in kidney cells

Question 12

Anemia

Answer 12

Blood has reduced oxygen carrying capacity

Question 13

Hemopoiesis

Answer 13

Process of developing formed elements

Question 14

Red Bone Marrow

Answer 14

Highly vascular connective tissue in between trabeculae of spongy bone tissue

Question 15

Pluripotent Stem Cells

Answer 15

Derived from mesenchyme and can differentiate into many different cell types

Question 16

What percentage of red bone marrow cells are pluripotent?

Answer 16

0.05- 0.1%

Question 17

Which formed elements can divide outside of red bone marrow?

Answer 17

Lymphocytes

Question 18

What 2 cells do pluripotent cells produce?

Answer 18

Myeloid stem cells

Lymphoid stem cells

Question 19

Myeloid Stem Cells

Answer 19

Develop in red bone marrow and develop into red blood cells, platelets, monocytes etc…

Question 20

Lymphoid Stem Cells

Answer 20

Begin in red bone marrow but finish development in lymphatic tissue. Give rise to lymphocytes and natural killer cells

Question 21

Progenitor Stem Cells

Answer 21

Differentiate from myeloid stem cells. Can’t reproduce themselves and give rise to more specific elements of blood– CFU- E

Question 22

Precursor Cells

Answer 22

Develop from myeloid stem cells. Eventually develop into formed elements

Question 23

Hemopoietic Growth Factors

Answer 23

Regulate differentiation and proliferation of progenitor cells

Question 24

Erythropoietin

Answer 24

Produced in kidneys. Increases number of red blood cell precursors

Question 25

Thrombopoietin

Answer 25

Produced in lier. Stimulates production of platelets

Question 26

Erythrocytes

Answer 26

Red blood cells

Question 27

How many hemoglobin molecules does each red blood cell have?

Answer 27

280 million

Question 28

2 components of hemoglobin?

Answer 28

Globin | Hemes

Question 29

Globin

Answer 29

Protein composed of 4 polypeptide chains

Question 30

Hemes

Answer 30

Four non protein pigments form a ring with a Iron ion in the centre

Question 31

Where does hemoglobin release oxygen into?

Answer 31

Interstitial fluid

Question 32

What percentage of the total CO2 does hemoglobin transport?

Answer 32

23%

Question 33

What shape are red blood cells?

Answer 33

Biconcave discs

Question 34

Leukocytes

Answer 34

White blood cells

Question 35

3 granular leukocytes

Answer 35

Neutrophil Eosinophil Basophil

Question 36

2 agranular leukocytes

Answer 36

Lymphocyte | Monocyte

Question 37

Function of white blood cells

Answer 37

Combat pathogenesis by phagocytosis or immune responses

Question 38

What leukocytes continually recirculate?

Answer 38

Lymphocytes

Question 39

Emmigration

Answer 39

White blood cells cross capillary walls by squeezing through endothelial cells

Question 40

Chemotaxis

Answer 40

Chemicals released by microbes and inflamed tissue attract phagocytosis

Question 41

What leukocytes respond the fastest to destruction by bacteria?

Answer 41

Neutophils

Question 42

Lysozyme

Answer 42

Enzyme released by neutrophils to destroy pathogens during phagocytosis

Question 43

Thrombocytes

Answer 43

Platelets

Question 44

What do platelets chemical reactions produce?

Answer 44

Fibrin threads

Question 45

Blood Clot

Answer 45

Gel like mass of fibrin threads, platelets and trapped blood cells

Question 46

Function of blood clots?

Answer 46

Seal to prevent blood loss | Pull edges of the tear togteher

Question 47

Order of elements in centrifuged blood-- top to bottom

Answer 47

Plasma Buffy coat of white blood cells and platelets Red blood cells

Question 48

What percentage of formed elements are red blood cells

Answer 48

99%

Question 49

What percentage of plasma is proteins

Answer 49

7%

Question 50

Immunoglobulins

Answer 50

Plasma cells that produce globulins-- antibodies

Question 51

What stimulates synthesis of erythropoietin

Answer 51

Hypoxia

Question 52

Polycythemia

Answer 52

Increase in percentage of red blood cells

Question 53

CFU

Answer 53

Colony forming units-- progenitor cells

Question 54

How do RBC generate ATP

Answer 54

They lack mitochondria and produce it anaerobically

Question 55

What does the presence of Nitric Oxide stimulate

Answer 55

Vasodilation

Question 56

Where does erythropoiesis begin

Answer 56

Red bone marrow

Question 57

Proerythroblast

Answer 57

Red blood cell precursor

Question 58

Structural difference between red and white blood cells

Answer 58

WBC have a nucleus and organelles

Question 59

Neutrophil

Answer 59

Destruction of bacteria with lysozyme

Question 60

Eosinophil

Answer 60

Combat allergic reactions and destroy parasites