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Anatomy > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Blood

A

Cells surrounded by extracellular matrix

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2
Q

3 functions of blood

A

Transportation
Regulation
Protection

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3
Q

What percentage of body weight is blood?

A

8%

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4
Q

How much blood do males and females have?

A

M: 5-6L
F: 4-5 L

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5
Q

What are the 2 components of blood?

A

Plasma

Formed Elements

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6
Q

What percentage of blood is plasma?

A

55%

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7
Q

What percentage of blood is formed elements?

A

45%

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8
Q

What percentage of plasma is water?

A

91.5%

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9
Q

What are the three main proteins in plasma?

A

Alumbins
Globulins
Fibrinogen

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10
Q

What are the 3 formed elements?

A

Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets

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11
Q

Hypoxia

A

Stimulus for production of red blood cells resulting from oxygen deprivation in kidney cells

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12
Q

Anemia

A

Blood has reduced oxygen carrying capacity

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13
Q

Hemopoiesis

A

Process of developing formed elements

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14
Q

Red Bone Marrow

A

Highly vascular connective tissue in between trabeculae of spongy bone tissue

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15
Q

Pluripotent Stem Cells

A

Derived from mesenchyme and can differentiate into many different cell types

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16
Q

What percentage of red bone marrow cells are pluripotent?

A

0.05- 0.1%

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17
Q

Which formed elements can divide outside of red bone marrow?

A

Lymphocytes

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18
Q

What 2 cells do pluripotent cells produce?

A

Myeloid stem cells

Lymphoid stem cells

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19
Q

Myeloid Stem Cells

A

Develop in red bone marrow and develop into red blood cells, platelets, monocytes etc…

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20
Q

Lymphoid Stem Cells

A

Begin in red bone marrow but finish development in lymphatic tissue. Give rise to lymphocytes and natural killer cells

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21
Q

Progenitor Stem Cells

A

Differentiate from myeloid stem cells. Can’t reproduce themselves and give rise to more specific elements of blood– CFU- E

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22
Q

Precursor Cells

A

Develop from myeloid stem cells. Eventually develop into formed elements

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23
Q

Hemopoietic Growth Factors

A

Regulate differentiation and proliferation of progenitor cells

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24
Q

Erythropoietin

A

Produced in kidneys. Increases number of red blood cell precursors

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25
Q

Thrombopoietin

A

Produced in lier. Stimulates production of platelets

26
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells

27
Q

How many hemoglobin molecules does each red blood cell have?

A

280 million

28
Q

2 components of hemoglobin?

A

Globin

Hemes

29
Q

Globin

A

Protein composed of 4 polypeptide chains

30
Q

Hemes

A

Four non protein pigments form a ring with a Iron ion in the centre

31
Q

Where does hemoglobin release oxygen into?

A

Interstitial fluid

32
Q

What percentage of the total CO2 does hemoglobin transport?

A

23%

33
Q

What shape are red blood cells?

A

Biconcave discs

34
Q

Leukocytes

A

White blood cells

35
Q

3 granular leukocytes

A

Neutrophil
Eosinophil
Basophil

36
Q

2 agranular leukocytes

A

Lymphocyte

Monocyte

37
Q

Function of white blood cells

A

Combat pathogenesis by phagocytosis or immune responses

38
Q

What leukocytes continually recirculate?

A

Lymphocytes

39
Q

Emmigration

A

White blood cells cross capillary walls by squeezing through endothelial cells

40
Q

Chemotaxis

A

Chemicals released by microbes and inflamed tissue attract phagocytosis

41
Q

What leukocytes respond the fastest to destruction by bacteria?

A

Neutophils

42
Q

Lysozyme

A

Enzyme released by neutrophils to destroy pathogens during phagocytosis

43
Q

Thrombocytes

A

Platelets

44
Q

What do platelets chemical reactions produce?

A

Fibrin threads

45
Q

Blood Clot

A

Gel like mass of fibrin threads, platelets and trapped blood cells

46
Q

Function of blood clots?

A

Seal to prevent blood loss

Pull edges of the tear togteher

47
Q

Order of elements in centrifuged blood– top to bottom

A

Plasma
Buffy coat of white blood cells and platelets
Red blood cells

48
Q

What percentage of formed elements are red blood cells

A

99%

49
Q

What percentage of plasma is proteins

A

7%

50
Q

Immunoglobulins

A

Plasma cells that produce globulins– antibodies

51
Q

What stimulates synthesis of erythropoietin

A

Hypoxia

52
Q

Polycythemia

A

Increase in percentage of red blood cells

53
Q

CFU

A

Colony forming units– progenitor cells

54
Q

How do RBC generate ATP

A

They lack mitochondria and produce it anaerobically

55
Q

What does the presence of Nitric Oxide stimulate

A

Vasodilation

56
Q

Where does erythropoiesis begin

A

Red bone marrow

57
Q

Proerythroblast

A

Red blood cell precursor

58
Q

Structural difference between red and white blood cells

A

WBC have a nucleus and organelles

59
Q

Neutrophil

A

Destruction of bacteria with lysozyme

60
Q

Eosinophil

A

Combat allergic reactions and destroy parasites

Anatomy (9 decks)

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