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Anatomy > Appendicular Skeleton > Flashcards

Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

2 components of the upper limb

A

Pectoral girdle

Free upper limb

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2
Q

Pectoral girdle

A

Attach bones of the free upper limbs to the axial skeleton

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3
Q

2 components of pectoral girdle

A

Clavicle

Scapula

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4
Q

Free upper limb

A

arm, hand and phalanges

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5
Q

Strut

A

Clavicle resists compression of the pectoral girdle by propping up the shoulder joint away from the rib cage

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6
Q

Sternal End of Clavicle

A

Articulates with the manubrium of the sternum

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7
Q

Acromial End

A

Broad, flat lateral end of clavicle that articulates with acromion of scapula

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8
Q

Acromioclavicular Joint

A

Acromial end of clavicle joins acromion of scapula

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9
Q

Conoid Tubercle

A

Inferior surface of the lateral end of clavicle. Attachment for conoid ligaments

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10
Q

Impression for costoclavicular ligament

A

Inferior surface of sternal end of clavicle connects first rib to clavicle

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11
Q

Spine of scapula

A

Ridge runs diagonally on the posterior side

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12
Q

Acromion

A

Lateral end of scapula that is a flattened and expanded process

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13
Q

Glenoid Cavity

A

Shallow depression in scapula accepts head of the radius

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14
Q

Glenohumeral Joint

A

Glenoid cavity of scapula and the head of the humerus

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15
Q

Medial Border of scapula

A

Thin edge closer to vertebral column

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16
Q

Lateral Border of scapula

A

Thick edge closer to arm

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17
Q

Inferior angle of scapula

A

Medial and lateral borders join

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18
Q

Superior angle of scapula

A

Superior edge and medial border join

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19
Q

Scapular notch

A

Prominent indentation along superior border where suprascapular nerve passes

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20
Q

Coracoid process

A

Hooky bump on lateral end of superior border of scapula where tendons attach

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21
Q

Supraspinous Fossa

A

Superior to spine of scapula

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22
Q

Infraspinous Fossa

A

Inferior to spine of scapula

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23
Q

Subscapular Fossa

A

On anterior surface. Attachment for subscapularis muscle

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24
Q

Head of humerus

A

Proximal end articulates with glenoid cavity of scapula

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25
Q

Anatomical Neck

A

Groove bordering the tip of head of humerus. Former epiphyseal plate

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26
Q

Greater tubercle of humerus

A

Lateral projection distal to anatomical neck

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27
Q

Lesser tubercle of humerus

A

Projects anteriorly

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28
Q

Surgical neck

A

Distal to tubercles. Where head of humerus tapers into the shaft

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29
Q

Deltoid tubersoisty

A

Rough area in the middle of the shaft of humerus. Deltoid tendon attachment

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30
Q

Radial Groove

A

Posterior surface on top half of radius. Contains radial nerve

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31
Q

Capitulum

A

Lateral knob on humerus articulates with head of radius

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32
Q

Radial Fossa

A

Anterior depression on humerus above capitulum. Articulates with head of radius when arm is bent

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33
Q

Trochlea

A

Medial to capitulum on humerus. Knob that articulates with ulna

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34
Q

Coronoid Fossa

A

Anterior depression on humerus beside radial fossa. Recieves coronoid process of ulna when arm is flexed

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35
Q

Olecranon Fossa

A

Big posterior depression on humerus that recieves olecranon of ulna when arm is straight

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36
Q

Medial/Lateral epicondyles of humerus

A

Rough projections on distal end for tendon attachment

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37
Q

Funny Bone

A

Ulnar nerve over medial epicondyle in humerus

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38
Q

Ulna

A

Medial side of forearm. Longer than radius

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39
Q

Olecranon

A

Proximal end of ulna forms elbow

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40
Q

Coronoid Process

A

Anterior projection below large trochlear notch on ulna

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41
Q

Trochlear Notch

A

Anterior side of olecranon of ulna. Recieves trochlea of humerus

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42
Q

Radial Notch

A

Lateral and inferior to trochlear notch. Articulates with head of radius

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43
Q

Ulnar Tuberosity

A

Below coronoid process

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44
Q

Styloid Process

A

Notch on the distal end and the very bottom

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45
Q

Radius

A

Thumb side of forearm

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46
Q

Radial Tuberosity

A

Below neck of radius. Attachment for bicep tendons

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47
Q

3 bones in elbow

A

Ulna, Radius, Humerus

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48
Q

2 Articulations in elbow

A

Head of radius joins capitulum of humerus

Trochlear notch of ulna joins trochlea of humerus

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49
Q

Interosseous Membrane

A

Joins shafts of ulna and radius

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50
Q

3 connections between ulna and radius

A

Interosseous membrane
radial notch
Ulnar notch

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51
Q

Radiocarpal Joint

A

Radius joins with lunate and scaphoid of wrist

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52
Q

Proximal radioulnar joint

A

head of radius and ulnar notch

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53
Q

Distal radioulnar joint

A

Head of ulna and ulnar notch

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54
Q

Carpus

A

Wrist containing 8 carpals joined by ligaments

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55
Q

Proximal row of carpals from lateral to medial

A

Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform

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56
Q

Distal row of carpals from lateral to medial

A

Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate

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57
Q

Mnemonic for carpal bones

A

Stop letting those people touch the cadavers hand

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58
Q

Flexor Retinaculum

A

Fibrous band of connective tissue covering carpals

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59
Q

Carpal Tunnel

A

Concave space formed by Pisiform/ hamate and scaphoid/ trapezium

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60
Q

Metacarpus

A

Palm consisting of 5 metacarpals

61
Q

Carpometacarpal Joints

A

Bases of metacarpals join with distal row of carpal bones

62
Q

Metacarpophalangeal Joints

A

Heads of metacarpals articulate with proximal phalanges

63
Q

Phalanges

A

14- Numbered 1-5 starting with the thumb

64
Q

What digit has 2 phalanges

A

thumb

65
Q

Interphalangeal Joints

A

Joints between phalanges

66
Q

How many bones are in the lower limb?

A

31

67
Q

Pelvic Girdle

A

Coxal (Pelvic) bone

68
Q

Pubic symphysis

A

Hip bones unite anteriorly

69
Q

Sacroiliac Joints

A

Hip bones unite posteriorly with sacrum

70
Q

Bony Pelvis

A

Hip bones, pubic symphysis, sacrum, coccyx

71
Q

3 bones in hip bone

A

Ilium, pubis, ischium

72
Q

What age do the hip bones fuse together at?

A

23

73
Q

Ilium

A

Largest hip bone at the tp

74
Q

Ala of ilium

A

Superior portion

75
Q

Body of ilium

A

Inferior portion

76
Q

Acetabulum

A

Socket for femur head in the ilium

77
Q

Iliac Crest

A

Superior border of ilium

78
Q

Anterior superior iliac spine

A

Anterior end to iliac crest

79
Q

Hip pointer

A

Bruising of anterior superior iliac spine

80
Q

Anterior Inferior iliac spine

A

Smaller spine below superior spine

81
Q

Posterior superior/ inferior iliac spines

A

Posterior end to iliac crest

82
Q

Function of iliac spines

A

Attachment points for muscles and ligaments

83
Q

Greater sciatic notch

A

Below posterior inferior iliac spine. Passage of sciatic nerve

84
Q

Iliac Fossa

A

Big depression. Attachment for iliacus tendon

85
Q

Iliac tuberosity

A

Posterior to fossa. Attachment for sacroiliac ligament

86
Q

Auricular surface of ilium

A

Below tuberosity. Sacroiliac joint

87
Q

Arcuate Line

A

Big ridge extending down from auricular surface of ilium

88
Q

Ischium

A

Inferior and posterior portion of hip

89
Q

Body of ischium

A

Superior part

90
Q

Ramus of Ischium

A

Inferior part that joins pubis

91
Q

Ischial Spine

A

Big horn

92
Q

Lesser Schiatic notch

A

Below ischial spine

93
Q

Ischial tuberosity

A

Flat, roughened surface below ischial spine

94
Q

Obturator foramen

A

Largest foramen in the body formed by ischium and pubis

95
Q

Obturator Membrane

A

Fibrous membrane completely closes membrane

96
Q

Pubis

A

Inferior anterior portion of hip

97
Q

Pubic Crest

A

Anterior, superior border of pubis body

98
Q

Pubic tubercle

A

Projection on lateral end of pubic crest

99
Q

Pectineal line

A

Extends from pubic tubercle superiorly and joins arcuate line on ilium

100
Q

Pubic arch

A

Inferior border between two hip bones

101
Q

Acetabulur notch

A

Inferior side of acetabulum. Foramen for vessels and nerves

102
Q

Pelvic brim

A

Rim of big middle hole when two hip bones are together

103
Q

False pelvis

A

Portion of pelvis superior to pelvic brim

104
Q

True pelvis

A

Portion of pelvis inferior to pelvic brim

105
Q

Pelvic inlet

A

Superior opening to true pelvis

106
Q

Pelvic outlet

A

Inferior opening to true pelvis

107
Q

Sex differences between pelvis

A

Females have a shallower pelvis, wider pelvic brim, oval obtruator foramen and a pubic arch of greater than 90 degrees

108
Q

What joins with the distal end of the femur

A

Tibia and patella

109
Q

Angle of convergence

A

Femur angles inwards towards knee. Greater angle in females

110
Q

Fovea Capitus

A

Central depression in head of femur. Connected by ligament to acetabulum

111
Q

Greater/ Lesser trochanter

A

Big knobs at the top of femur attach tendons

112
Q

Intertrochanteric Line

A

Ridge joins trochanters anteriorly on femur

113
Q

Intertrochanteric Crest

A

Ridge joins trochanters posteriorly on femur

114
Q

Gluteal Tuberosity

A

Vertical ridge on posterior shaft just below trochanters on femur

115
Q

Linea Aspera

A

Long ridge on shaft of femur blends with gluteal tuberosity

116
Q

Medial/ Lateral condyle

A

Posterior notches join with condyles of tibia

117
Q

Medial/ Lateral epicondyles

A

Superior to condyles. Raised surfaces for ligaments

118
Q

Intercondylar Fossa

A

Depression between condyles on posterior side

119
Q

Patellar surface

A

Indented area between condyles on anterior side

120
Q

Adductor Tubercle

A

Superior to medial epicondyle. Rough projection for muscle attachment

121
Q

Patella

A

Sesamoid knee bone

122
Q

Base of patella

A

Broad, prosimal end

123
Q

Apex of patella

A

Pointed, distal end

124
Q

Articular facets of patella

A

Two posterior facets for medial and lateral condyles of femur

125
Q

Patellofemoral Joint

A

Posterior surface of patella joins patellar surface of femur

126
Q

Tibia

A

Medial, weight bearing leg bone

127
Q

Tibiofemoral Joint

A

Lateral and medial condyles of tibia join with condyles of femur

128
Q

Proximal Tibiofibular joint

A

Head of fibula joins lateral condyle of tibia

129
Q

Intercondylar Eminence

A

Upwards projection between condyles of tibia

130
Q

Tibial Tuberosity

A

Knotch on anterior surface attaches patellar ligament

131
Q

Anterior border of tibia

A

Sharp ridge on shaft. Shin

132
Q

Medial Malleolus

A

Hook projection on distal end of tibia joins with fibula

133
Q

Fibular Notch

A

Medial, posterior side of tibia on distal end joins with fibula

134
Q

Distal Tibiofibular Notch

A

Fibular notch of tibia and end of fibula

135
Q

Fibula

A

Lateral, non- weight bearing leg bone

136
Q

Lateral Malleolus

A

Distal projection joins talus of ankle

137
Q

Tarsus

A

Ankle consists of 7 tarsal bones

138
Q

Intertarsal joints

A

Joints between tarsal bones

139
Q

Calcaneus

A

Biggest and most superior ankle bone

140
Q

Talus

A

Bone beside talus

141
Q

Order of tarsal bones (top to bottom- Lateral to medial)

A

Calcaneus, talus, cuboid, navicular, third cuneiform, second cuneiform, first cuneiform

142
Q

Metatarsus

A

Middle of foot contains 5 metatarsal bones numbered 1-5 starting medially

143
Q

Tarsometatarsal Joints

A

Bases of metatarsals join with first, second and thrid cuneiforms and cuboid of tarsus

144
Q

Metatarsophalangeal Joints

A

Head of metatarsal joins proximal row of phalanges

145
Q

Phalanges

A

Toes numbered 1-5 starting with big toe (hollux)

146
Q

Which toe has only a proximal and distal phalange?

A

Hollux

147
Q

Longitudinal Arch

A

Posterior to anterior. Has a medial and lateral part

148
Q

Transverse Arch

A

Arch from medial to lateral

Anatomy (9 decks)

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